Haɗa tef ɗin da aka yi masa gwanjo, yin gyare-gyare da kuma kulle nau'i, jaruma tana samar da yanki ɗaya, babban juzu'i mai ƙarfi-driveshaft a matsayin mai nuni don aikace-aikace da yawa.
Haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗun kaya-driveshaft.Herone yana amfani da kaset ɗin prepreg ɗin da aka yi masa gwangwani azaman preforms don tsari wanda ke ƙarfafa laminate ɗin driveshaft kuma ya mamaye abubuwa masu aiki kamar gears, samar da tsarin haɗin kai wanda ke rage nauyi, ƙidayar sashi, lokacin taro da farashi.Tushen ga duk hotuna |jaruma
Hasashen na yanzu yana buƙatar ninka yawan jiragen kasuwanci na jiragen sama a cikin shekaru 20 masu zuwa.Don saukar da wannan, ƙimar samarwa a cikin 2019 don manyan jetliners masu ƙarfi sun bambanta daga 10 zuwa 14 a kowane wata a kowane OEM, yayin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sun riga sun haura zuwa 60 kowace wata a kowane OEM.Airbus musamman yana aiki tare da masu ba da kaya don canza al'ada amma mai saurin lokaci, sassa na prepreg na hannu akan A320 zuwa sassan da aka yi ta hanyar sauri, matakan lokacin sake zagayowar mintuna 20 kamar babban gyare-gyaren guduro mai ƙarfi (HP-RTM), don haka yana taimakawa sashi. masu samar da kayayyaki suna saduwa da ƙarin turawa zuwa jiragen sama 100 kowane wata.A halin da ake ciki, kasuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da kasuwar sufuri da ta kunno kai tana hasashen buƙatar jirage sama da 3,000 na lantarki a tsaye da saukar jiragen sama (EVTOL) a kowace shekara (250 a kowane wata).
"Masana'antar na buƙatar fasahar samarwa ta atomatik tare da taƙaitaccen lokutan sake zagayowar wanda kuma ya ba da damar haɗa ayyukan, waɗanda ke ba da ta hanyar abubuwan da aka haɗa da thermoplastic," in ji Daniel Barfuss, co-kafa da kuma manajan abokin tarayya na jaruntaka (Dresden, Jamus), fasaha mai haɗaka da masana'anta. Kamfanin da ke amfani da kayan aikin matrix na thermoplastic mai girma daga polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) zuwa polyethertherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) da polyaryletherketone (PAEK)."Babban manufarmu ita ce hada babban aikin thermoplastic composites (TPCs) tare da ƙananan farashi, don ba da damar keɓaɓɓen sassa don aikace-aikacen masana'anta iri-iri da sabbin aikace-aikace," in ji Dokta Christian Garthaus, abokin haɗin gwiwa na biyu na gwarzo da gudanarwa. abokin tarayya.
Don cimma wannan, kamfanin ya ɓullo da wata sabuwar hanya, farawa da cikakken ciki, ci gaba da kaset na fiber, braiding wadannan kaset don samar da wani m preform "organoTube" da kuma karfafa organoTubes cikin profiles tare da m giciye-sections da siffofi.A cikin mataki na gaba, yana amfani da weldability da thermoformability na TPCs don haɗa abubuwa masu aiki kamar haɗaɗɗun gears a kan tukwici, kayan aiki na ƙarshe akan bututu, ko abubuwan canja wurin kaya zuwa cikin matsananciyar tashin hankali.Barfuss ya ƙara da cewa akwai zaɓi don amfani da tsarin gyare-gyare na matasan - wanda ketone matrix mai samar da Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) da mai siyar da kayayyaki Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, US) - wanda ke amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki na PAEK tef don bayanan martaba. da PEEK don gyaran gyare-gyare, yana ba da damar haɗaɗɗen, abu guda ɗaya a duk faɗin haɗin (duba "Mai girma yana faɗaɗa kewayon PEEK a cikin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa").Ya kara da cewa, "daidaitawar mu tana ba da damar kulle nau'i-nau'i na geometrical," in ji shi, "wanda ke samar da tsarin haɗin gwiwar da za su iya jure ma babban lodi."
Tsarin gwarzaye yana farawa da cikakkiyar kaset ɗin thermoplastic fiber fiber da aka haɗa cikin organoTubes kuma an haɗa su."Mun fara aiki tare da waɗannan organoTubes shekaru 10 da suka wuce, muna haɓaka bututun ruwa mai haɗaka don jirgin sama," in ji Garthaus.Ya yi bayanin cewa saboda babu bututun ruwa na jirgin sama guda biyu da ke da nau'ikan lissafi iri ɗaya, za a buƙaci gyaggyarawa ga kowane ɗayan, ta amfani da fasahar da ake da su."Muna buƙatar bututun da za a iya sarrafa shi don cimma daidaitattun lissafi na bututu.Don haka, ra'ayin shine a ci gaba da samar da bayanan martaba sannan kuma CNC ta lanƙwasa su cikin abubuwan da ake so. "
Hoto na 2 Kaset ɗin prepreg masu ƙirƙira suna ba da sifofin net ɗin da ake kira organoTubes don tsarin yin allurar jarumai kuma yana ba da damar samar da siffofi daban-daban.
Wannan yayi kama da abin da Sigma Precision Components (Hinckley, UK) ke yi (duba "Sake gyaran injiniyoyi tare da bututu masu haɗaka") tare da suturar carbon fiber/PEEK injin."Suna kallon sassa iri ɗaya amma suna amfani da wata hanyar ƙarfafawa ta daban," in ji Garthaus."Tare da tsarinmu, muna ganin yuwuwar haɓaka aiki, kamar ƙasa da 2% porosity don tsarin sararin samaniya."
Garthaus' Ph.D.aikin rubutun a ILK bincike ta amfani da ci gaba da thermoplastic composite (TPC) pultrusion don samar da braided shambura, wanda ya haifar da jadadda mallaka ci gaba da masana'antu tsari ga TPC tubes da bayanan martaba.Koyaya, a yanzu, jarumar ta zaɓi yin aiki tare da masu samar da jirgin sama da abokan ciniki ta amfani da tsarin gyare-gyaren da ba a daina ba."Wannan yana ba mu 'yancin yin kowane nau'i daban-daban, ciki har da bayanan martaba masu lankwasa da waɗanda ke da sassa daban-daban, da kuma yin amfani da facin gida da faci," in ji shi."Muna aiki don sarrafa tsarin don haɗa facin gida sannan mu haɗa su tare da bayanan da aka haɗa.Ainihin, duk abin da za ku iya yi tare da lebur laminates da harsashi, za mu iya yi don tubes da bayanan martaba. "
Samar da waɗannan bayanan bayanan TPC a haƙiƙa ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙalubale mafi wuya, in ji Garthaus.“Ba za ku iya amfani da tambari ko busa-busa tare da mafitsara silicone;don haka dole ne mu samar da wani sabon tsari."Amma wannan tsari yana ba da damar yin aiki mai girma da kuma daidaita bututu da sassa na tushen shaft, in ji shi.Hakanan ya ba da damar yin amfani da gyare-gyaren matasan da Victrex ya haɓaka, inda ƙananan zafin jiki na PAEK ya cika da PEEK, yana ƙarfafa organosheet da gyaran allura a cikin mataki ɗaya.
Wani sanannen al'amari na yin amfani da organoTube braided tef preforms shine cewa suna samar da ɓata kaɗan."Tare da braiding, muna da kasa da 2% sharar gida, kuma saboda shi ne TPC tef, za mu iya amfani da wannan karamin adadin sharar baya a cikin overmolding don samun kayan amfani kudi har zuwa 100%," Garthaus jaddada.
Barfuss da Garthaus sun fara aikin haɓakawa a matsayin masu bincike a Cibiyar Injiniya mai Haske da Fasaha ta Polymer (ILK) a TU Dresden.Barfuss ya ce: "Wannan ita ce ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyi na Turai don haɗawa da ƙira marasa nauyi."Shi da Garthaus sun yi aiki a can kusan shekaru 10 a kan ci gaba da dama, ciki har da ci gaba da TPC pultrusion da nau'o'in shiga daban-daban.Wannan aikin daga ƙarshe ya kasance cikin abin da yanzu shine fasahar aiwatar da jarumai TPC.
"Sai muka nemi shirin Jamus EXIST, wanda ke da nufin tura irin wannan fasaha zuwa masana'antu da kuma ba da gudummawar ayyuka 40-60 a kowace shekara a fannoni daban-daban na bincike," in ji Barfuss."Mun sami kudade don kayan aikin babban birnin, ma'aikata hudu da saka hannun jari don mataki na gaba na haɓaka."Sun kafa jaruma a watan Mayu 2018 bayan nunawa a JEC World.
Ta hanyar JEC World 2019, jaruma ta samar da sassa daban-daban na zanga-zanga, gami da nauyi mai nauyi, babban juyi, hadedde kayan tuki, ko gearshaft."Muna amfani da carbon fiber/PAEK tef organoTube wanda aka yi wa lanƙwasa a kusurwoyin da sashin ke buƙata kuma muna haɗa shi cikin bututu," in ji Barfuss."Sa'an nan kuma mu fara zafi da bututun a 200 ° C kuma mu cika shi da kayan aikin da aka yi ta hanyar allurar gajeren carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK a 380 ° C."An yi gyare-gyaren overmolding ta amfani da Moldflow Insight daga Autodesk (San Rafael, Calif., US).An inganta lokacin cika ƙura zuwa daƙiƙa 40.5 kuma an samu ta amfani da na'urar gyare-gyaren allura ta ALLROUNDER Arburg (Lossburg, Jamus).
Wannan overmolding ba kawai yana rage farashin taro ba, matakan masana'antu da dabaru, amma yana haɓaka aiki.Bambanci na 40°C tsakanin zafin narke na mashigar PAEK da na kayan aikin PEEK da aka wuce gona da iri suna ba da damar haɗin gwiwa na narkewa tsakanin su biyu a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta.Nau'i na biyu na hanyar haɗawa, nau'in nau'i-nau'i, ana samun su ta hanyar yin amfani da matsa lamba na allura don samar da ma'aunin zafi a lokaci guda yayin gyare-gyare don ƙirƙirar kwandon kulle-kulle.Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin siffa 1 da ke ƙasa a matsayin "injecting-forming".Yana haifar da da'irar corrugated ko sinusoidal inda aka haɗa kayan aiki tare da sashe madauwari mai santsi, wanda ke haifar da nau'in kullewa na geometrically.Wannan yana ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin haɗaɗɗen gearshaft, kamar yadda aka nuna a gwaji (duba jadawali a ƙasan dama) Fig.1. An haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwar Victrex da ILK, heroone yana amfani da matsa lamba na allura a lokacin overmolding don ƙirƙirar nau'i na kulle-kulle a cikin haɗin gearshaft (saman) .Wannan tsari na yin allurar yana ba da damar haɗakar da gearshaft tare da kulle nau'i (kore mai lankwasa akan jadawali) zuwa dore mafi girma juzu'i vs. overmolded gear-driveshaft ba tare da tsari-kulle (baƙar lankwasa a kan jadawali).
"Yawancin mutane suna samun haɗin kai na haɗin gwiwa a lokacin yin gyare-gyare," in ji Garthaus, "kuma wasu suna amfani da kulle-kulle a cikin abubuwan da aka haɗa, amma mabuɗin shine a haɗa su cikin tsari guda ɗaya, mai sarrafa kansa."Ya bayyana cewa don sakamakon gwajin a cikin hoto na 1, duka magudanar ruwa da cikakken kewayen kayan aikin an ƙulla su daban, sannan a juya don haifar da ɗaukar nauyi.Rashin nasarar farko akan jadawali yana da alamar da'irar don nuna shi don kayan aikin PEEK ne da ya wuce gona da iri ba tare da kulle nau'i ba.Rashin nasara na biyu yana da alamar da'irar da'irar da ke kama da tauraro, yana nuna gwada kayan aikin da ya wuce gona da iri tare da kulle nau'i."A wannan yanayin, kuna da haɗin haɗin gwiwa da kulle-kulle," in ji Garthaus, "kuma kuna samun kusan haɓakar 44% na nauyin nauyi."Kalubalen a yanzu, in ji shi, shine a samu na'urar kulle-kulle don ɗaukar kaya a matakin farko don ƙara ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarkin da wannan shaft ɗin zai yi amfani da shi kafin gazawar.
Wani muhimmin batu game da kulle-kulle form ɗin da jaruma ta samu tare da yin alluran shi ne cewa an daidaita shi gabaɗaya ga ɓangaren mutum ɗaya kuma lodawar sashin dole ne ya jure.Alal misali, a cikin gearshaft, nau'i-kulle yana da kewaye, amma a cikin matsananciyar damuwa da ke ƙasa, yana da axial."Wannan dalilin da ya sa abin da muka ci gaba shine hanya mafi girma," in ji Garthaus."Yadda muke haɗa ayyuka da sassa ya dogara da aikace-aikacen mutum ɗaya, amma yadda za mu iya yin wannan, ƙarin nauyi da farashi za mu iya ajiyewa."
Hakanan, ketone ɗin gajeriyar fiber mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin abubuwan aiki da suka wuce gona da iri kamar gears suna ba da kyakkyawan yanayin lalacewa.Victrex ya tabbatar da wannan kuma a zahiri, yana sayar da wannan gaskiyar don kayan PEEK da PAEK.
Barfuss ya yi nuni da cewa haɗe-haɗe na gearshaft, wanda aka amince da shi tare da lambar yabo ta 2019 JEC World Innovation Award a cikin nau'in sararin samaniya, "nuna tsarin tsarinmu, ba kawai tsari da aka mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikacen guda ɗaya ba.Muna so mu bincika nawa za mu iya daidaita masana'anta da kuma amfani da kaddarorin TPCs don samar da ingantattun sifofi masu haɗaka."Kamfanin a halin yanzu yana haɓaka sandunan matsa lamba, ana amfani da su a aikace-aikace kamar struts.
Hoto 3 Tsawon-tsintsi-tsintsin strutsInjection-forming yana tsawaita zuwa struts, inda jaruma ta mamaye wani nau'in canja wurin kayan ƙarfe a cikin tsarin sashin ta amfani da nau'in axial-locking don ƙara ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.
Abubuwan da ke aiki don matsi-matsi struts ɓangaren ƙarfe ne na ƙarfe wanda ke jigilar kaya zuwa ko daga cokali mai yatsu zuwa bututu mai hade (duba hoton da ke ƙasa).Ana amfani da yin allura don haɗa nau'in gabatarwar kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin jikin strut ɗin da aka haɗa.
"Babban fa'idar da muke bayarwa shine rage yawan sassan," in ji shi.“Wannan yana sauƙaƙa gajiya, wanda babban ƙalubale ne ga aikace-aikacen motsa jiki.An riga an yi amfani da nau'i-nau'i a cikin abubuwan thermoset tare da filastik ko karfe, amma babu haɗin haɗin kai, don haka za ku iya samun ɗan motsi tsakanin sassan.Hanyarmu, duk da haka, tana ba da tsari guda ɗaya ba tare da irin wannan motsi ba."
Garthaus ya ambaci jurewar lalacewa a matsayin wani ƙalubale ga waɗannan sassa."Dole ne ku yi tasiri ga struts sannan ku yi gwajin gajiya," in ji shi."Saboda muna amfani da kayan aikin matrix na thermoplastic mai girma, za mu iya cimma kusan 40% mafi girman jurewar lalacewa tare da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, da kuma duk wani microcracks daga tasiri yana haɓaka ƙasa tare da ɗaukar gajiya."
Ko da yake nunin strut yana nuna abin da aka saka na ƙarfe, a halin yanzu jaruma tana haɓaka mafita ta all-thermoplastic, tana ba da damar haɗin kai tsakanin haɗaɗɗun jikin strut da kayan gabatarwar kaya."Lokacin da za mu iya, mun fi son zama duka-duka da daidaita kaddarorin ta hanyar canza nau'in ƙarfafa fiber, ciki har da carbon, gilashi, ci gaba da gajeren fiber," in ji Garthaus.“Ta wannan hanyar, muna rage rikitarwa da al'amuran mu'amala.Misali, muna da karancin matsaloli idan aka kwatanta da hada thermosets da thermoplastics.”Bugu da kari, an gwada haɗin tsakanin PAEK da PEEK ta Tri-Mack tare da sakamakon da ke nuna yana da 85% na ƙarfin tushe unidirectional CF/PAEK laminate kuma yana da ƙarfi sau biyu kamar haɗin haɗin gwiwa ta amfani da madaidaicin fim ɗin epoxy na masana'antu.
Barfuss ya ce jarumar yanzu tana da ma'aikata tara kuma tana canjawa daga mai samar da ci gaban fasaha zuwa mai samar da sassan jiragen sama.Babban mataki na gaba shine haɓaka sabuwar masana'anta a Dresden."A karshen shekarar 2020 za mu sami masana'antar matukin jirgi da ke samar da sassan farko," in ji shi."Mun rigaya muna aiki tare da OEMs na jirgin sama da masu samar da Tier 1 masu mahimmanci, suna nuna ƙira don nau'ikan aikace-aikace daban-daban."
Har ila yau, kamfanin yana aiki tare da masu samar da eVTOL da masu haɗin gwiwa iri-iri a cikin Amurka Yayin da jarumar ke haɓaka aikace-aikacen jirgin sama, yana kuma samun ƙwarewar masana'antu tare da aikace-aikacen kayan wasanni da suka haɗa da jemagu da abubuwan kekuna."Fasaharmu na iya samar da sassa daban-daban masu rikitarwa tare da yin aiki, lokacin sake zagayowar da fa'idodin farashi," in ji Garthaus."Lokacin sake zagayowar mu ta amfani da PEEK shine mintuna 20, tare da mintuna 240 ta amfani da prepreg-cured prepreg.Muna ganin damammaki masu yawa, amma a yanzu, abin da muka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne samar da aikace-aikacenmu na farko don samarwa da kuma nuna darajar irin waɗannan sassan ga kasuwa. "
Har ila yau, Herone zai gabatar da shi a Carbon Fiber 2019. Ƙara koyo game da taron a carbonfiberevent.com.
An mai da hankali kan inganta shimfidar hannu na gargajiya, masana'antun nacelle da ture reverser sun jefa ido kan amfani da sarrafa kai da rufaffiyar gyare-gyaren nan gaba.
Tsarin makamin jirgin sama yana samun babban aikin carbon / epoxy tare da ingantaccen gyare-gyaren matsawa.
Hanyoyi don ƙididdige tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da mahalli suna ba da damar kwatancen bayanan bayanai zuwa kayan gargajiya akan filin wasa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-19-2019