Na'urorin lantarki masu sakawa suna da matuƙar kyawawa don gane keɓaɓɓen sarrafa lafiya.Koyaya, yawancin kayan lantarki da aka ruwaito na iya yin niyya lokaci-lokaci siginar siginar ilimin lissafi ɗaya ko kuma rasa cikakkun bayanai na siginar, wanda ke haifar da kima na kiwon lafiya.Bugu da ƙari, yadin da ke da kyawawan kaddarori da ta'aziyya har yanzu suna fuskantar ƙalubale.Anan, muna bayar da rahoton tsararren firikwensin firikwensin yadudduka tare da matsi mai ƙarfi da ta'aziyya.Yana nuna ma'auni na matsa lamba (7.84 mV Pa-1), lokacin amsawa mai sauri (20 ms), kwanciyar hankali (> 100,000 hawan keke), bandwidth na mitar aiki mai fadi (har zuwa 20 Hz), da kuma wankewar inji (> 40 wanke).TATSAs ɗin da aka ƙirƙira an dinke su cikin sassa daban-daban na tufafi don saka idanu kan raƙuman bugun jini da alamun numfashi lokaci guda.Mun ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin kula da lafiya don ƙima na dogon lokaci da marasa ƙarfi game da cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan bacci, wanda ke nuna babban ci gaba don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na wasu cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Na'urorin lantarki masu sawa suna wakiltar dama mai ban sha'awa saboda ƙaƙƙarfan aikace-aikacen su a cikin keɓaɓɓen magani.Za su iya sa ido kan yanayin lafiyar mutum a cikin ci gaba, ainihin lokaci, da kuma hanyar da ba ta dace ba (1-11).Pulse da numfashi, a matsayin abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci na alamomi masu mahimmanci, na iya ba da duka daidaitattun kima na yanayin ilimin lissafi da kuma kyakkyawar fahimta game da ganewar asali da tsinkayen cututtuka masu dangantaka (12-21).Ya zuwa yau, mafi yawan kayan lantarki da za a iya sawa don gano siginar siginar ilimin lissafi sun dogara ne akan abubuwan ultrathin kamar polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, gilashi, da silicone (22-26).Matsalolin waɗannan abubuwan da ake amfani da su a kan fata ya ta'allaka ne akan tsarinsu na shiri da tsattsauran ra'ayi.Sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar kaset, Band-Aids, ko wasu na'urori na injina don kafa ƙaƙƙarfan hulɗa tsakanin kayan lantarki da za a iya sawa da fatar ɗan adam, wanda zai iya haifar da haushi da rashin jin daɗi yayin ƙarin lokacin amfani (27, 28).Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan nau'ikan suna da ƙarancin iska, wanda ke haifar da rashin jin daɗi lokacin amfani da shi na dogon lokaci, ci gaba da kula da lafiya.Don rage abubuwan da aka ambata a cikin kulawar kiwon lafiya, musamman a cikin amfani da yau da kullun, kayan masarufi suna ba da ingantaccen bayani.Wadannan yadudduka suna da halaye na laushi, nauyi mai sauƙi, da numfashi kuma, don haka, yuwuwar fahimtar jin dadi a cikin kayan lantarki masu sawa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙaddamar da ƙoƙari mai zurfi don haɓaka tsarin tushen yadi a cikin na'urori masu mahimmanci, girbi makamashi, da ajiya (29-39).Musamman ma, an ba da rahoton bincike mai nasara akan fiber na gani, piezoelectricity, da kuma yadudduka masu wayo da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lura da bugun jini da siginar numfashi (40-43).Koyaya, waɗannan wayowin komai da ruwan suna da ƙarancin hankali da siga guda ɗaya kuma ba za a iya kera su akan babban sikeli ba (tebur S1).Game da auna bugun bugun jini, cikakken bayani yana da wahalar kamawa saboda rauni da saurin jujjuyawar bugun jini (misali, alamun fasalinsa), don haka, ana buƙatar babban hankali da aikin amsa mitoci masu dacewa.
A cikin wannan binciken, mun gabatar da tsararrun firikwensin firikwensin duk-yahudu (TATSA) tare da babban hankali don ɗaukar matsi na epidermal da dabara, wanda aka saƙa tare da yadudduka na nailan a cikin cikakken ɗinkin cardigan.TATSA na iya samar da matsanancin matsin lamba (7.84 mV Pa-1), lokacin amsawa mai sauri (20 ms), kwanciyar hankali (> 100,000 hawan keke), bandwidth na mitar aiki mai fa'ida (har zuwa 20 Hz), da wankewar injin (> 40 wankewa).Yana da ikon haɗa kanta cikin dacewa cikin tufafi tare da hankali, jin daɗi, da ƙayatarwa.Musamman ma, ana iya shigar da TATSA ɗin mu kai tsaye zuwa wurare daban-daban na masana'anta waɗanda suka dace da raƙuman bugun jini a wuyansa, wuyan hannu, titin yatsa, da idon idon ƙafa da kuma raƙuman numfashi a cikin ciki da ƙirji.Don kimanta kyakkyawan aikin TATSA a cikin kulawar lafiya na ainihi da nesa, muna haɓaka tsarin sa ido na kiwon lafiya na keɓaɓɓen don ci gaba da samun da adana siginar ilimin lissafi don nazarin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya (CAD) da ƙima na ciwo na bacci (SAS) ).
Kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin siffa 1A, TATSA guda biyu an dinke su a cikin cuff da kirjin riga don ba da damar sa ido mai ƙarfi da lokaci guda na bugun bugun jini da siginar numfashi, bi da bi.An watsa waɗannan sigina na ilimin lissafi ta hanyar waya zuwa aikace-aikacen tashar wayar hannu mai hankali (APP) don ƙarin nazarin matsayin lafiya.Hoto na 1B yana nuna TATSA ɗin da aka dinka a cikin wani yanki na zane, kuma saƙon yana nuna haɓakar ra'ayi na TATSA, wanda aka saƙa ta amfani da zaren ɗabi'a da yarn nailan kasuwanci tare a cikin cikakken ɗinkin cardigan.Idan aka kwatanta da ainihin madaidaicin madauri, hanyar da aka fi sani kuma na asali, an zaɓi cikakken ɗinkin cardigan saboda lambar da ke tsakanin madauki na yarn ɗin da kuma madaidaicin tuck din kan yarn nailan (fig. S1) wani fili ne. maimakon lamba lamba, haifar da ya fi girma addashin yankin ga high triboelectric sakamako.Don shirya yarn mai ɗawainiya, mun zaɓi bakin karfe a matsayin ƙayyadaddun fiber core, kuma an karkatar da nau'ikan yarn guda ɗaya na Terylene guda ɗaya a cikin yarn guda ɗaya tare da diamita na 0.2 mm (fig. S2), wanda yayi aiki azaman duka farfajiyar wutar lantarki da na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki.Yadin nailan, wanda ke da diamita na 0.15 mm kuma yayi aiki a matsayin wani farfajiyar wutar lantarki, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi saboda murɗa shi da yadudduka marasa ƙima (fig. S3).Hoto na 1 (C da D, bi da bi) yana nuna hotunan yarn da aka ƙera da zaren nailan.Insets suna nuna hotunansu na sikanin microscopy na lantarki (SEM), waɗanda ke gabatar da wani ɓangaren giciye na zaren gudanarwa da saman yarn nailan.Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na yadudduka da nailan sun tabbatar da ikon saƙar su akan na'urar masana'antu don kula da aiki iri ɗaya na duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 1E, an raunata yadudduka, yadin nailan, da zaren yau da kullun a kan mazugi daban-daban, sannan aka loda su a kan na'urar saka lebur ɗin masana'anta don saƙa ta atomatik (fim S1).Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.S4, TATSA da yawa an haɗa su tare da zane na yau da kullun ta amfani da injin masana'antu.TATSA guda ɗaya tare da kauri na 0.85 mm da nauyin 0.28 g za a iya keɓance shi daga tsarin duka don amfanin mutum ɗaya, yana nuna kyakkyawar dacewarsa tare da sauran yadudduka.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya tsara TATSA a cikin launuka daban-daban don saduwa da buƙatun kayan ado da na gaye saboda bambancin yarn nailan kasuwanci (Fig. 1F da fig. S5).TATSAs da aka ƙirƙira suna da kyakkyawan taushi da ƙarfin jure lankwasa mai ƙarfi ko nakasawa (fig. S6).Hoto 1G yana nuna TATSA ɗin da aka dinka kai tsaye cikin ciki da kuma ɗaurin rigar.Ana nuna tsarin saka suturar a cikin fig.S7 da fim S2.Ana nuna cikakkun bayanai na gaba da baya na TATSA da aka shimfiɗa a matsayi na ciki a cikin fig.S8 (A da B, bi da bi), kuma an kwatanta matsayin yarn mai gudanarwa da nailan a cikin fig.S8C.Ana iya gani a nan cewa ana iya shigar da TATSA a cikin yadudduka na yau da kullun ba tare da lahani ba don bayyanar mai hankali da wayo.
(A) TATSA guda biyu sun haɗa cikin riga don lura da bugun jini da siginar numfashi a ainihin lokacin.(B) Misalin tsari na haɗin TATSA da tufafi.Saitin yana nuna girman girman firikwensin.(C) Hoton yarn mai gudanarwa (ma'auni, 4 cm).Wurin shigar shine hoton SEM na sashin giciye na yarn mai gudanarwa (masanin sikelin, 100 μm), wanda ya ƙunshi bakin karfe da yarn Terylene.(D) Hotunan yarn nailan (ma'auni, 4 cm).Wurin shigarwa shine hoton SEM na saman nailan yarn (masanin sikelin, 100 μm).(E) Hoton na'urar saƙa lebur na kwamfuta wanda ke yin saƙar atomatik na TATSA.(F) Hotunan TATSA masu launi daban-daban (sanin sikelin, 2 cm).Abun ciki shine TATSA mai karkatarwa, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan taushinsa.(G) Hoton TATSA guda biyu gaba daya kuma an dinke su cikin rigar.Hoton hoto: Wenjing Fan, Jami'ar Chongqing.
Don nazarin tsarin aiki na TATSA, ciki har da kayan aikin injiniya da na lantarki, mun gina samfurin sakawa na geometric na TATSA, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 2A.Yin amfani da cikakken dinkin cardigan, yadudduka na conductive da nailan suna haɗaka cikin nau'ikan raka'a na madauki a cikin hanya da wale.Tsarin madauki ɗaya (fig. S1) ya ƙunshi kan madauki, hannun madauki, ɓangaren haƙarƙarin haƙarƙari, hanun ɗinkin hannu, da kan ɗinki.Za a iya samun nau'i biyu na fuskar tuntuɓar tsakanin yadudduka daban-daban guda biyu: (i) fuskar tuntuɓar tsakanin madauki shugaban madauki na yarn ɗin da kuma (ii) fuskar tuntuɓar tsakanin madauki shugaban madauki. da nailan yarn da kuma tuck dinka shugaban zaren gudanarwa.
(A) TATSA tare da gaba, dama, da saman gefen madaukai na saƙa.(B) Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na rarraba ƙarfi ta TATSA a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 2 kPa ta amfani da software na COMSOL.(C) Misalai na tsari na canja wurin cajin naúrar lamba ƙarƙashin gajeriyar yanayi.(D) Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na rarraba cajin naúrar lamba ƙarƙashin yanayin buɗewa ta amfani da software na COMSOL.
Za'a iya bayyana ka'idodin aiki na TATSA a cikin bangarori biyu: ƙarfafa ƙarfin waje da cajin da aka yi.Don fahimtar fahimtar rarraba danniya don mayar da martani ga haɓakar ƙarfin waje, mun yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga ta amfani da software na COMSOL a wasu rundunonin waje na 2 da 0.2 kPa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Fig. 2B da fig.S9.Damuwar yana bayyana a saman tuntuɓar yadudduka biyu.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.S10, mun yi la'akari da raka'a madauki guda biyu don fayyace rarraba damuwa.A cikin kwatanta rarraba damuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyoyin waje daban-daban guda biyu, damuwa a kan saman kayan aiki da nailan ya karu tare da karuwar ƙarfin waje, wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da extrusion tsakanin yarn biyu.Da zarar an saki ƙarfin waje, yadudduka biyu sun rabu kuma suna motsawa daga juna.
Motsi-rabuwar lamba tsakanin yarn conductive da nailan nailan ya haifar da canja wurin caji, wanda aka dangana ga haɗin triboelectrification da electrostatic shigar da.Don bayyana tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, muna nazarin sashin giciye na yanki inda yadudduka biyu ke hulɗa da juna (Fig. 2C1).Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 2 (C2 da C3, bi da bi), lokacin da TATSA ta motsa ta hanyar ƙarfin waje da kuma yadudduka guda biyu suna hulɗa da juna, wutar lantarki yana faruwa a farfajiya na yarn na conductive da nailan, da kuma cajin daidai da akasin haka. ana haifar da polarities akan saman yadudduka biyu.Da zarar yadudduka biyu sun rabu, ana haifar da caji mai kyau a cikin bakin karfe na ciki saboda tasirin shigar da lantarki.Ana nuna cikakken tsari a cikin fig.S11.Don samun ƙarin fahimtar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, mun ƙaddamar da yiwuwar rarraba TATSA ta amfani da software na COMSOL (Fig. 2D).Lokacin da kayan biyu ke hulɗa, cajin yakan tattara akan kayan juzu'i, kuma kawai ƙaramin adadin cajin da aka jawo yana kasancewa akan lantarki, yana haifar da ƙaramin yuwuwar (Fig. 2D, ƙasa).Lokacin da aka raba kayan biyu (Fig. 2D, saman), cajin da aka haifar da wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa saboda yuwuwar bambance-bambancen, kuma ƙarfin da ya dace ya karu, wanda ya nuna daidaitaccen daidai tsakanin sakamakon da aka samu daga gwaje-gwajen da waɗanda daga simulations. .Bugu da ƙari kuma, tun lokacin da mai sarrafa lantarki na TATSA an nannade shi a cikin yarn Terylene kuma fata yana hulɗa da duka kayan haɗin gwiwa guda biyu, sabili da haka, lokacin da TATSA ke sawa kai tsaye zuwa fata, cajin yana dogara ne akan ƙarfin waje kuma ba zai yiwu ba. a raunana da fata.
Don siffanta ayyukan TATSA ɗinmu a fannoni daban-daban, mun samar da tsarin aunawa wanda ke ɗauke da janareta mai aiki, amplifier, shaker electrodynamic, ma'aunin ƙarfi, electrometer, da kwamfuta (fig. S12).Wannan tsarin yana haifar da matsa lamba mai ƙarfi na waje har zuwa 7 kPa.A cikin gwaji, an sanya TATSA a kan takardar filastik mai lebur a cikin yanayin kyauta, kuma ana yin rikodin siginar wutar lantarki ta hanyar lantarki.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da nailan sun shafi aikin fitarwa na TATSA saboda suna ƙayyade yanayin lamba da damar fahimtar matsa lamba na waje.Don bincika wannan, mun ƙirƙira nau'ikan nau'ikan yadudduka guda uku, bi da bi: yarn mai sarrafawa tare da girman 150D/3, 210D/3, da 250D/3 da nailan yarn mai girman 150D/6, 210D/6, da 250D / 6 (D, denier; ma'aunin ma'auni da ake amfani da shi don tantance kaurin fiber na zaren mutum ɗaya; yadudduka masu ƙididdige ƙididdigewa suna da kauri).Bayan haka, mun zaɓi waɗannan yadudduka guda biyu masu girma dabam don saka su a cikin firikwensin, kuma girman TATSA an kiyaye shi a 3 cm da 3 cm tare da lambar madauki na 16 a cikin wale da 10 a cikin hanya.Don haka, an sami na'urori masu auna firikwensin da nau'ikan saƙa guda tara.Na'urar firikwensin ta yarn mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da girman 150D/3 da yarn nailan tare da girman 150D/6 shine mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma firikwensin ta yarn mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da girman 250D/3 da yarn nailan tare da girman 250D/ 6 ya kasance mafi kauri.A karkashin motsi na injiniya na 0.1 zuwa 7 kPa, an yi amfani da kayan lantarki don waɗannan alamu na tsari da kuma gwada su, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin 3A.Ƙimar fitarwa na TATSA tara ya karu tare da ƙara yawan matsa lamba, daga 0.1 zuwa 4 kPa.Musamman, na duk nau'ikan saƙa, ƙayyadaddun yarn na 210D/3 da yarn nailan 210D/6 sun ba da mafi girman fitarwar lantarki kuma sun nuna mafi girman hankali.Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya nuna haɓakar haɓaka tare da karuwa a cikin kauri na TATSA (saboda isasshiyar fuskar lamba) har sai an saka TATSA ta amfani da yarn na 210D/3 da 210D/6 nailan yarn.Yayin da ƙara yawan kauri zai haifar da ɗaukar matsa lamba na waje ta yarn, ƙarfin fitarwa ya ragu daidai da haka.Bugu da ƙari kuma, an lura cewa a cikin ƙananan matsa lamba (<4 kPa), wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na layi mai kyau a cikin wutar lantarki mai fitarwa tare da matsa lamba ya ba da mahimmancin matsa lamba na 7.84 mV Pa-1.A cikin yanki mai matsananciyar matsa lamba (> 4 kPa), an lura da ƙarancin ƙarancin matsa lamba na 0.31 mV Pa-1 ta gwaji saboda jikewa na yanki mai tasiri.An nuna irin wannan matsi na matsi yayin da aka saba aiwatar da amfani da karfi.Bayanan bayanan lokaci na kankare na ƙarfin fitarwa da halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin matsi daban-daban an gabatar da su a cikin fig.S13 (A da B, bi da bi).
(A) Fitar wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin nau'ikan saƙa guda tara na yarn mai gudanarwa (150D/3, 210D/3, da 250D/3) haɗe da yarn nailan (150D/6, 210D/6, da 250D/6).(B) Amsar wutar lantarki ga lambobi daban-daban na raka'o'in madauki a cikin masana'anta iri ɗaya yayin kiyaye lambar madauki a cikin wale ba canzawa.(C) Makirci da ke nuna martanin mitar a ƙarƙashin matsi mai ƙarfi na 1 kPa da mitar shigar da matsa lamba na 1 Hz.(D) Fitowa daban-daban da ƙarfin lantarki na yanzu a ƙarƙashin mitoci na 1, 5, 10, da 20 Hz.(E) Gwajin dorewa na TATSA ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 1 kPa.(F) Siffofin fitarwa na TATSA bayan wanke sau 20 da 40.
Har ila yau, ƙarfin hankali da ƙarfin fitarwa ya sami tasiri ta hanyar ɗimbin dinki na TATSA, wanda aka ƙaddara ta jimlar adadin madaukai a cikin yanki da aka auna.Haɓakawa a cikin ɗigon ɗinki zai haifar da mafi girman ƙarancin tsarin masana'anta.Hoto na 3B yana nuna wasan kwaikwayon fitarwa a ƙarƙashin lambobi daban-daban na madauki a cikin yanki na yadi na 3 cm da 3 cm, kuma inset ɗin yana kwatanta tsarin sashin madauki (mun ajiye lambar madauki a cikin hanya a 10, da lambar madauki a cikin Wale direction shine 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26).Ta hanyar ƙara lambar madauki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki na farko ya nuna haɓakar haɓaka saboda haɓakar lamba, har zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na 7.5 V tare da lambar madauki na 180. Bayan wannan batu, ƙarfin fitarwa ya biyo bayan raguwar yanayin saboda TATSA ya zama m, kuma yadudduka biyu sun sami raguwar wuri na rabuwa.Don bincika a cikin wane shugabanci da yawa yana da tasiri mai girma akan fitarwa, mun kiyaye lambar madauki na TATSA a cikin wale a 18, kuma lambar madauki a cikin hanya an saita zuwa 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, da 14. Ana nuna madaidaicin ƙarfin fitarwa a cikin fig.S14.Idan aka kwatanta, za mu iya ganin cewa yawa a cikin hanya hanya yana da tasiri mafi girma akan ƙarfin fitarwa.A sakamakon haka, an zaɓi tsarin saƙa na yarn na 210D/3 da yarn nailan 210D/6 da raka'a madauki na 180 don saka TATSA bayan cikakken kimantawa na halayen fitarwa.Bugu da ƙari, mun kwatanta siginar fitarwa na na'urori masu auna sigina guda biyu ta amfani da cikakken stitch na cardigan da madaidaicin stitch.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.S15, fitarwar lantarki da azanci ta amfani da cikakken ɗigon cardigan sun fi girma fiye da na yin amfani da tsattsauran ra'ayi.
An auna lokacin amsawa don sa ido kan sigina na ainihi.Don bincika lokacin amsawar firikwensin mu ga sojojin waje, mun kwatanta siginar wutar lantarki mai fitarwa tare da abubuwan shigar da matsa lamba a mitar 1 zuwa 20 Hz (Fig. 3C da fig. S16, bi da bi).Hanyoyin wutar lantarki na fitarwa sun kasance kusan iri ɗaya da shigar da igiyoyin matsa lamba na sinusoidal a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 1 kPa, kuma matakan fitarwa suna da saurin amsawa (kimanin 20 ms).Ana iya dangana wannan hysteresis ga tsarin roba ba tare da komawa zuwa asalin asalin da wuri ba bayan karɓar ƙarfin waje.Duk da haka, wannan ɗan ƙaramin ƙanƙara an yarda da shi don sa ido na gaske.Don samun matsa lamba mai ƙarfi tare da takamaiman kewayon mitar, ana sa ran amsa ta dace ta TATSA.Don haka, an kuma gwada halayen mita na TATSA.Ta hanyar haɓaka mitar mai ban sha'awa na waje, girman ƙarfin ƙarfin fitarwa ya kasance kusan baya canzawa, yayin da girman ƙarfin halin yanzu ya ƙaru lokacin da mitar taɗi ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 20 Hz (Fig. 3D).
Don kimanta maimaitawa, kwanciyar hankali, da dorewa na TATSA, mun gwada ƙarfin fitarwa da martani na yanzu zuwa hawan hawan hawan hawan matsa lamba.An yi amfani da matsa lamba na 1 kPa tare da mitar 5 Hz zuwa firikwensin.An yi rikodin ƙarfin ƙarfin kololuwa da na yanzu bayan 100,000 zazzage zazzage-zazzagewa (Fig. 3E da fig. S17, bi da bi).An nuna girman ra'ayi na ƙarfin lantarki da tsarin motsi na yanzu a cikin saitin 3E da fig.S17, bi da bi.Sakamakon ya bayyana gagarumin maimaitawa, kwanciyar hankali, da dorewa na TATSA.Wankewa kuma muhimmin ma'aunin kimantawa ne na TATSA a matsayin na'urar da aka haɗa duka.Don tantance iyawar wanke, mun gwada fitowar wutar lantarki bayan mun yi wanka da Tasirin Cheists da zane-zane (AATCC) (AATCC).An bayyana cikakken hanyar wankewa a cikin Materials da Hanyoyi.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto na 3F, an yi rikodin abubuwan lantarki bayan wanke sau 20 da sau 40, wanda ya nuna cewa babu wani canji na musamman na ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin gwajin wankewa.Waɗannan sakamakon sun tabbatar da ingantaccen wankewar TATSA.A matsayin firikwensin yadin da aka sawa, mun kuma bincika aikin fitarwa lokacin da TATSA ke cikin juzu'i (fig. S18), murƙushe (siffa S19), da yanayin zafi daban-daban (fig. S20).
Dangane da fa'idodi da yawa na TATSA da aka nuna a sama, mun haɓaka tsarin kula da lafiyar wayar hannu mara waya (WMHMS), wanda ke da ikon ci gaba da samun siginar ilimin lissafi sannan kuma ba da shawarwari na ƙwararru ga majiyyaci.Hoto 4A yana nuna zanen makirci na WMHMS bisa TATSA.Tsarin yana da abubuwa guda huɗu: TATSA don siyan siginar siginar ilimin lissafi na analog, da'irar kwandishan analog tare da matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa (MAX7427) da amplifier (MAX4465) don tabbatar da isassun cikakkun bayanai da ingantattun siginar daidaitawa, analog-to-dijital. mai juyawa bisa naúrar microcontroller don tattarawa da juyar da siginar analog zuwa sigina na dijital, da na'urar Bluetooth ( CC2640 guntu mara ƙarfi ta Bluetooth) don watsa siginar dijital zuwa aikace-aikacen tashar wayar hannu (APP; Huawei Honor 9).A cikin wannan binciken, mun dinka TATSA ba tare da wata matsala ba a cikin yadin da aka saka, wuyan hannu, wurin yatsa, da safa, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto. 4B.
(A) Misalin WMHMS.(B) Hotunan TATSAs ɗin da aka ɗinka a cikin abin wuyan hannu, rumbun yatsa, safa, da madaurin ƙirji, bi da bi.Auna bugun jini a wuya (C1), (D1) wuyan hannu, (E1) yatsa, da (F1) idon sawu.Siffar motsin bugun jini a wuyan (C2), (D2) wuyan hannu, (E2) yatsa, da (F2) idon sawu.(G) Siffofin motsin bugun jini na shekaru daban-daban.(H) Nazari na bugun bugun jini guda daya.Radial augmentation index (AIx) da aka ayyana azaman AIx (%) = P2/P1.P1 shine kololuwar igiyar gaba, kuma P2 shine kololuwar raƙuman da ake nunawa.(I) Zagayen bugun jini na brachial da idon sawu.Gudun kalaman bugun jini (PWV) an bayyana shi azaman PWV = D/∆T.D shine nisa tsakanin idon sawu da brachial.∆T shine lokacin jinkiri tsakanin kololuwar idon sawu da igiyoyin bugun jini na brachial.PTT, lokacin jigilar bugun jini.(J) Kwatanta AIx da Brachial-Ankle PWV (BAPWV) tsakanin lafiya da CADs.P <0.01, **P <0.001, da *** P <0.05.HTN, hauhawar jini;CHD, cututtukan zuciya;DM, ciwon sukari mellitus.Hoton hoto: Jin Yang, Jami'ar Chongqing.
Don saka idanu da siginar bugun jini na sassa daban-daban na jikin mutum, mun haɗa kayan ado da aka ambata tare da TATSA zuwa matsayi masu dacewa: wuyansa (Fig. 4C1), wuyan hannu (Fig. 4D1), yatsa (Fig. 4E1), da idon kafa (Fig. 4F1). ), kamar yadda aka fayyace a cikin fina-finai S3 zuwa S6.A cikin magani, akwai mahimman fa'idodi guda uku a cikin motsin bugun jini: kololuwar raƙuman P1 mai ci gaba, kololuwar raƙuman ruwan P2, da kololuwar dicrotic wave P3.Siffofin waɗannan abubuwan sifofi suna nuna yanayin lafiya na elasticity na jijiya, juriya na gefe, da haɗin gwiwar hagu na hagu masu alaƙa da tsarin zuciya.An samo sifofin bugun bugun jini na mace mai shekaru 25 a matsayi hudu na sama kuma an rubuta su a cikin gwajin mu.Yi la'akari da cewa an lura da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i P1 zuwa P3) akan ƙwanƙwasa bugun jini a wuyansa, wuyan hannu, da kuma matsayi na yatsa, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 4 (C2 zuwa E2).Ya bambanta, kawai P1 da P3 sun bayyana a kan motsin bugun jini a matsayi na idon kafa, kuma P2 bai kasance ba (Fig. 4F2).Wannan sakamakon ya samo asali ne ta babban matsayi na igiyar jini mai shigowa da ke fitarwa ta ventricle na hagu da kuma raƙuman haske daga ƙananan gaɓoɓin (44).Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa P2 yana nunawa a cikin raƙuman ruwa da aka auna a cikin babba amma ba a cikin idon kafa ba (45, 46).Mun lura da sakamako iri ɗaya a cikin sifofin raƙuman ruwa da aka auna tare da TATSA, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.S21, wanda ke nuna bayanai na yau da kullun daga yawan marasa lafiya 80 da aka yi nazari a nan.Zamu iya ganin cewa P2 bai bayyana a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan motsin bugun jini da aka auna a cikin idon sawu ba, yana nuna ikon TATSA don gano abubuwan da ke da hankali a cikin siginar igiyar ruwa.Waɗannan sakamakon auna bugun bugun jini suna nuna cewa WMHMS ɗinmu na iya bayyana daidai halayen bugun bugun jini na babba da ƙasa kuma ya fi sauran ayyuka (41, 47).Don ƙara nuna cewa ana iya amfani da TATSA ɗinmu ga shekaru daban-daban, mun auna nau'ikan nau'ikan bugun jini na batutuwa 80 a shekaru daban-daban, kuma mun nuna wasu bayanai na yau da kullun, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.S22.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 4G, mun zaɓi mahalarta uku masu shekaru 25, 45, da 65 shekaru, kuma abubuwan fasali guda uku sun kasance a bayyane ga mahalarta matasa da masu matsakaicin shekaru.Dangane da wallafe-wallafen likitanci (48), halayen mafi yawan motsin bugun jini na mutane suna canzawa yayin da suke tsufa, kamar bacewar ma'anar P2, wanda ke haifar da motsin da aka nuna ya motsa gaba don ɗaukaka kansa a kan ci gaba ta hanyar raguwa a cikin. jijiyoyin bugun jini elasticity.Wannan al'amari kuma yana nunawa a cikin raƙuman ruwa da muka tattara, suna ƙara tabbatar da cewa TATSA za a iya amfani da su ga mutane daban-daban.
Pulse waveform yana shafar ba kawai ta yanayin ilimin lissafin mutum ba har ma da yanayin gwaji.Sabili da haka, mun auna siginar bugun jini a ƙarƙashin madaidaicin lamba daban-daban tsakanin TATSA da fata (fig. S23) da wurare daban-daban na ganowa a wurin aunawa (fig. S24).Ana iya gano cewa TATSA na iya samun daidaitattun nau'ikan motsin bugun jini tare da cikakkun bayanai a kusa da jirgin a cikin babban yanki mai inganci a wurin aunawa.Bugu da ƙari, akwai sigina na fitarwa daban-daban a ƙarƙashin maɓalli daban-daban tsakanin TATSA da fata.Bugu da kari, motsin mutane da ke sanye da na'urori masu auna firikwensin zai shafi siginar bugun jini.Lokacin da wuyan hannu na batun ya kasance a cikin yanayi mara kyau, girman girman nau'in bugun jini da aka samu ya kasance barga (fig. S25A);Sabanin haka, lokacin da wuyan hannu yana motsawa a hankali a kusurwa daga -70 ° zuwa 70 ° a cikin 30 s, girman girman motsin bugun jini zai canza (fig. S25B).Koyaya, ana iya ganin juzu'in kowane nau'in igiyar bugun bugun jini, kuma ana iya samun ƙimar bugun bugun daidai.Babu shakka, don cimma daidaiton siyan igiyoyin bugun jini a cikin motsin ɗan adam, ana buƙatar ƙarin aiki gami da ƙirar firikwensin da sarrafa siginar baya-baya don yin bincike.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, don yin nazari da ƙididdige ƙididdige yanayin tsarin cututtukan zuciya ta hanyar nau'ikan nau'ikan bugun jini da aka samu ta amfani da TATSA ɗinmu, mun gabatar da sigogin hemodynamic guda biyu bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙima na tsarin cututtukan zuciya, wato, ma'aunin haɓaka (AIx) da saurin bugun bugun jini. (PWV), wanda ke wakiltar elasticity na arteries.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 4H, an yi amfani da motsin bugun jini a wuyan hannu na mutum mai lafiya mai shekaru 25 don nazarin AIx.Dangane da dabara (sashe S1), AIx = 60% an samu, wanda shine ƙimar al'ada.Sa'an nan kuma, a lokaci guda mun tattara nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i-nau'i-da-hanyoyi).Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 4I, abubuwan siffa na nau'ikan igiyoyin bugun jini guda biyu sun bambanta.Sannan mun ƙididdige PWV bisa ga dabara (sashe S1).PWV = 1363 cm / s, wanda shine ƙimar ƙimar da ake tsammani na namiji mai lafiya, an samu.A gefe guda, zamu iya ganin cewa ma'auni na AIx ko PWV ba su da tasiri ta hanyar girman girman nau'in motsin bugun jini, kuma ƙimar AIx a sassa daban-daban na jiki daban-daban.A cikin bincikenmu, an yi amfani da radial AIx.Don tabbatar da cancantar WMHMS a cikin mutane daban-daban, mun zaɓi mahalarta 20 a cikin rukunin lafiya, 20 a cikin rukunin hauhawar jini (HTN), 20 a cikin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya (CHD) masu shekaru 50 zuwa 59, da 20 a cikin Ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) rukuni.Mun auna raƙuman bugun jini kuma mun kwatanta sigogin su guda biyu, AIx da PWV, kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin siffa 4J.Ana iya gano cewa ƙimar PWV na ƙungiyoyin HTN, CHD, da DM sun kasance ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da na ƙungiyar lafiya kuma suna da bambancin ƙididdiga (PHTN ≪ 0.001, PCHD ≪ 0.001, da PDM ≪ 0.001; an ƙididdige ƙimar P ta t t. gwaji).A halin yanzu, ƙimar AIx na ƙungiyoyin HTN da CHD sun ragu idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar lafiya kuma suna da bambancin ƙididdiga (PHTN <0.01, PCHD <0.001, da PDM <0.05).PWV da AIx na mahalarta tare da CHD, HTN, ko DM sun fi waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyar lafiya.Sakamakon ya nuna cewa TATSA yana da ikon samun daidaitaccen tsarin bugun bugun jini don ƙididdige ma'aunin bugun jini don tantance matsayin lafiyar zuciya.A ƙarshe, saboda mara waya, babban ƙuduri, halaye masu mahimmanci da ta'aziyya, WMHMS dangane da TATSA yana ba da mafi kyawun madadin don saka idanu na ainihi fiye da kayan aikin likita masu tsada da ake amfani da su a asibitoci.
Baya ga bugun bugun jini, bayanin numfashi shima alama ce mai mahimmanci don taimakawa tantance yanayin jikin mutum.Saka idanu na numfashi dangane da TATSA ɗinmu ya fi kyau fiye da na yau da kullun na polysomnography saboda ana iya haɗa shi da kyau cikin tufafi don ingantacciyar ta'aziyya.An dinka shi cikin farin madaurin kirji na roba, TATSA an daure ta kai tsaye ga jikin dan adam kuma an tsare ta a kirjin domin lura da numfashi (Fig. 5A da fim din S7).TATSA ta lalace tare da faɗaɗawa da ƙaddamar da haƙarƙari, wanda ya haifar da fitarwar lantarki.An tabbatar da sifar igiyar igiyar ruwa a cikin siffa 5B.Sigina tare da manyan sauye-sauye (yawan girman 1.8 V) da canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci (mitar 0.5 Hz) ya dace da motsin numfashi.An ɗora siginar ƙaramar ƙaramar sigina akan wannan babban siginar motsi, wanda shine siginar bugun zuciya.Dangane da halayen mitar numfashi da siginar bugun zuciya, mun yi amfani da 0.8-Hz low-pass filter da 0.8- zuwa 20-Hz band-pass filter don raba siginar numfashi da bugun zuciya, bi da bi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 5C. .A wannan yanayin, an sami kwanciyar hankali na siginar numfashi da bugun jini tare da wadatattun bayanan ilimin lissafi (kamar yawan numfashi, bugun zuciya, da alamun yanayin bugun bugun jini) lokaci guda kuma daidai ta hanyar sanya TATSA guda ɗaya akan ƙirji.
(A) Hoton da ke nuna nunin TATSA da aka sanya akan ƙirji don auna siginar a cikin matsin lamba da ke hade da numfashi.(B) Makircin lokacin ƙarfin lantarki don TATSA wanda aka ɗora akan ƙirji.(C) Rushewar siginar (B) cikin bugun zuciya da yanayin motsin numfashi.(D) Hoton da ke nuna TATSA guda biyu da aka sanya akan ciki da wuyan hannu don auna numfashi da bugun jini, bi da bi, yayin barci.(E) Alamun numfashi da bugun bugun jini na ɗan takara mai lafiya.HR, bugun zuciya;BPM, bugun minti daya.(F) Sigina na numfashi da bugun jini na mahalarta SAS.(G) Siginar numfashi da PTT na ɗan takara mai lafiya.(H) Siginar numfashi da PTT na mahalarta SAS.(I) Dangantaka tsakanin PTT arousal index da apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Hoton hoto: Wenjing Fan, Jami'ar Chongqing.
Don tabbatar da cewa firikwensin mu na iya sa ido daidai da amincin siginar bugun jini da na numfashi, mun gudanar da gwaji don kwatanta sakamakon auna bugun bugun jini da siginar numfashi tsakanin TATSAs da daidaitaccen kayan aikin likita (MHM-6000B), kamar yadda aka fayyace a cikin fina-finai S8. kuma S9.A cikin ma'aunin bugun bugun jini, na'urar firikwensin hoto na kayan aikin likita an sanya shi a yatsan hannun hagu na wata yarinya, kuma a halin yanzu, TATSA ɗinmu tana sawa a yatsan hannunta na dama.Daga nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan bugun jini guda biyu da aka samu, zamu iya ganin cewa juzu'insu da cikakkun bayanai iri ɗaya ne, wanda ke nuna cewa bugun jini da aka auna ta TATSA daidai yake da na kayan aikin likita.A auna igiyar numfashi, na'urorin lantarki guda biyar an haɗa su zuwa wurare biyar a jikin wani saurayi bisa ga umarnin likita.Sabanin haka, TATSA ɗaya kawai an ɗaure shi kai tsaye a jiki kuma an tsare shi a kusa da kirji.Daga siginar numfashi da aka tattara, ana iya ganin cewa bambancin hali da ƙimar siginar numfashi da aka gano ta TATSA sun yi daidai da na kayan aikin likita.Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kwatancen guda biyu sun tabbatar da daidaito, amintacce, da sauƙi na tsarin firikwensin mu don lura da bugun jini da siginar numfashi.
Bugu da ƙari, mun ƙirƙira wani yanki na tufafi masu wayo kuma mun dinka TATSA guda biyu a ciki da wuraren wuyan hannu don sa ido kan siginar numfashi da bugun jini, bi da bi.Musamman, an yi amfani da WMHMS da aka haɓaka don ɗaukar bugun bugun jini da siginar numfashi lokaci guda.Ta wannan tsarin, mun sami siginar numfashi da bugun jini na wani mutum mai shekaru 25 sanye da kayan sawa masu wayo yayin barci (Fig. 5D da fim din S10) da kuma zaune (fig. S26 da fim din S11).Ana iya watsa siginar numfashi da bugun jini da aka samu ta hanyar waya zuwa APP na wayar hannu.Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, TATSA tana da ikon ɗaukar siginar numfashi da bugun jini.Waɗannan sigina biyu na ilimin lissafin jiki suma ma'auni ne don kimanta SAS ta likitanci.Don haka, ana kuma iya amfani da TATSA ɗin mu don saka idanu da tantance ingancin bacci da matsalolin bacci masu alaƙa.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 5 (E da F, bi da bi), muna ci gaba da auna bugun jini da motsi na numfashi na mahalarta biyu, mai lafiya da mai haƙuri tare da SAS.Ga mutumin da ba shi da bugun zuciya, ƙimar numfashi da auna bugun jini ya kasance barga a 15 da 70, bi da bi.Ga mai haƙuri tare da SAS, wani nau'i na musamman na apnea na 24 s, wanda ke nuna alamar wani abu mai banƙyama na numfashi, an lura da shi, kuma bugun zuciya ya karu kadan bayan wani lokaci na apnea saboda tsarin tsarin juyayi (49).A taƙaice, ana iya kimanta matsayin numfashi ta TATSA.
Don ƙarin tantance nau'in SAS ta hanyar bugun jini da siginar numfashi, mun bincika lokacin jigilar bugun jini (PTT), alamar da ba ta da ƙarfi tana nuna canje-canje a cikin juriya na jijiyoyin jini da matsa lamba na intrathoracic (wanda aka bayyana a cikin sashe S1) na mutum mai lafiya da mai haƙuri tare da SAS.Ga mahalarta lafiya, adadin numfashi ya kasance bai canza ba, kuma PTT ya kasance mai inganci daga 180 zuwa 310 ms (Fig. 5G).Duk da haka, ga mahalarta SAS, PTT ya karu ci gaba daga 120 zuwa 310 ms a lokacin apnea (Fig. 5H).Don haka, an gano mahalarta tare da SAS mai hanawa (OSAS).Idan canji a cikin PTT ya ragu a lokacin rashin barci, to, za a ƙayyade yanayin a matsayin ciwo na barci na tsakiya (CSAS), kuma idan duka waɗannan alamun biyu sun kasance a lokaci guda, to za a gano shi azaman SAS (MSAS).Don tantance tsananin SAS, mun ƙara bincika siginar da aka tattara.PTT arousal index, wanda shine adadin PTT arousals a kowace awa (PTT arousal an bayyana shi azaman faduwa a cikin PTT na ≥15 ms na dindindin don ≥3 s), yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kimanta matakin SAS.Ma'anar apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) shine ma'auni don ƙayyade matakin SAS (apnea shine dakatarwar numfashi, kuma hypopnea yana da numfashi marar zurfi ko ƙananan ƙananan numfashi), wanda aka bayyana a matsayin adadin apneas da hypopnea kowace. sa'a yayin barci (angantacciyar dangantaka tsakanin AHI da ma'auni na OSAS an nuna su a cikin tebur S2).Don bincika alaƙar da ke tsakanin AHI da PTT arousal index, an zaɓi siginar numfashi na marasa lafiya na 20 tare da SAS kuma an bincika tare da TATSAs.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 5I, ma'aunin tashin hankali na PTT yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da AHI, kamar yadda apnea da hypopnea lokacin barci ke haifar da hawan jini na fili da na wucin gadi, wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin PTT.Sabili da haka, TATSA ɗin mu na iya samun kwanciyar hankali da daidaitaccen bugun jini da siginar numfashi a lokaci ɗaya, don haka samar da mahimman bayanan ilimin lissafi akan tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da SAS don kulawa da kimanta cututtukan da ke da alaƙa.
A taƙaice, mun ƙirƙiri TATSA ta amfani da cikakken cardigan dinki don gano siginar ilimin lissafi daban-daban a lokaci guda.Wannan firikwensin ya nuna babban azanci na 7.84 mV Pa-1, saurin amsawa na 20 ms, babban kwanciyar hankali na sama da 100,000 hawan keke, da faffadan bandwidth mai aiki.A bisa tushen TATSA, an kuma ƙirƙiri WMHMS don watsa ma'aunin ma'aunin jiki zuwa wayar hannu.Ana iya shigar da TATSA cikin wurare daban-daban na tufafi don ƙirar ƙawa kuma ana amfani da su don saka idanu kan bugun jini da siginar numfashi a lokaci guda.Ana iya amfani da tsarin don taimakawa bambance tsakanin mutane masu lafiya da waɗanda ke da CAD ko SAS saboda ikonsa na ɗaukar cikakken bayani.Wannan binciken ya ba da hanya mai sauƙi, inganci, kuma mai amfani don auna bugun jini da numfashi na ɗan adam, wanda ke wakiltar ci gaba a cikin haɓaka kayan lantarki mai sawa.
Bakin karfe ya sha wucewa ta cikin injin kuma an shimfiɗa shi don samar da fiber mai diamita na 10 μm.Fiber bakin karfe kamar yadda aka saka wutar lantarki a cikin guda da yawa na yarn Terylene-ply na kasuwanci.
An yi amfani da janareta mai aiki (Stanford DS345) da amplifier (LabworkPa-13) don samar da siginar matsa lamba na sinusoidal.An yi amfani da firikwensin ƙarfi mai kewayon (Vernier Software & Technology LLC) don auna matsi na waje da aka yi amfani da shi ga TATSA.An yi amfani da tsarin lantarki na Keithley (Keithley 6514) don saka idanu da rikodin ƙarfin fitarwa da na yanzu na TATSA.
Dangane da Hanyar Gwajin AATCC 135-2017, mun yi amfani da TATSA da isasshen ballast azaman nauyin 1.8-kg sannan mu sanya su cikin injin wanki na kasuwanci (Labtex LBT-M6T) don yin zagayowar wankin injin.Sa'an nan kuma, mun cika injin wanki tare da galan na ruwa 18 a 25 ° C kuma mun saita mai wanki don zaɓaɓɓen zagayowar wanka da lokaci (gudun tashin hankali, bugun jini 119 a cikin minti daya; lokacin wankewa, 6 min; saurin juyawa na ƙarshe, 430 rpm; ƙarshe lokacin juyawa, 3 min).A ƙarshe, an rataye TATSA a bushe a cikin iska mai sanyi a cikin dakin da bai wuce 26 ° C ba.
An umurci batutuwa da su kwanta a cikin wani wuri na kwance akan gado.An sanya TATSA akan wuraren aunawa.Da zarar batutuwan sun kasance a daidaitaccen matsayi na kwance, sun kiyaye cikakkiyar annashuwa na 5 zuwa 10 min.Siginar bugun bugun ta fara aunawa.
Ana samun ƙarin kayan wannan labarin a https://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/11/eaay2840/DC1
Hoto S9.Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na rarraba karfi na TATSA a ƙarƙashin matsa lamba a 0.2 kPa ta amfani da software na COMSOL.
Hoto S10.Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na rarraba ƙarfi na rukunin lamba a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba a 0.2 da 2 kPa, bi da bi.
Hoto S11.Cikakkun misalai na tsari na canja wurin cajin naúrar lamba ƙarƙashin gajeriyar yanayi.
Hoto S13.Ci gaba da fitarwa ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu na TATSA don mayar da martani ga ci gaba da aiki da matsa lamba na waje a cikin sake zagayowar auna.
Hoto S14.Amsar wutar lantarki ga lambobi daban-daban na raka'o'in madauki a cikin masana'anta iri ɗaya lokacin kiyaye lambar madauki a cikin wale ba canzawa.
Hoto S15.Kwatanta tsakanin wasan kwaikwayon fitarwa na na'urori masu auna firikwensin yadin biyu ta amfani da cikakken dinkin cardigan da kuma dinki na fili.
Hoto S16.Makirci da ke nuna martanin mitar a matsi mai ƙarfi na 1 kPa da mitar shigar da matsa lamba na 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, da 20 Hz.
Hoto S25.Ƙimar fitarwa na firikwensin lokacin da batun yake cikin yanayin matsatsi da motsi.
Hoto S26.Hoton da ke nuna TATSAs da aka sanya akan ciki da wuyan hannu lokaci guda don auna numfashi da bugun jini, bi da bi.
Wannan labarin buɗaɗɗen shiga ne wanda aka rarraba ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan lasisin Haɗaɗɗen Haɗin Kai-NonCommercial, wanda ke ba da izinin amfani, rarrabawa, da haifuwa a kowane matsakaici, muddin sakamakon amfani da shi ba don fa'idar kasuwanci ba ne kuma idan aikin na asali ya kasance daidai. ambato.
NOTE: Muna buƙatar adireshin imel ɗin ku kawai don mutumin da kuke ba da shawarar shafin ya san cewa kuna son su gani, kuma ba saƙon takarce ba ne.Ba mu kama kowane adireshin imel ba.
Daga Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
An haɓaka firikwensin duk-yahu-buhu tare da matsi mai ƙarfi da ta'aziyya don kula da lafiya.
Daga Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang
An haɓaka firikwensin duk-yahu-buhu tare da matsi mai ƙarfi da ta'aziyya don kula da lafiya.
© 2020 Ƙungiyar Amirka don Ci gaban Kimiyya.An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi.AAAS abokin tarayya ne na HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef da COUNTER. Ci gaban Kimiyya ISSN 2375-2548.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 27-2020