Daga National Band zuwa Travis Bean, James Trusart, da dai sauransu, jiki da wuyan guitar duk an yi su ne da ƙarfe kuma suna da tarihin kusan karni.Ku biyo mu ku zana musu tarihi.
Kafin mu fara, bari mu fara magance wasu matsalolin.Idan kuna son bayani mai ma'ana game da karafa masu alaƙa da dogon gashi da tarkace, da fatan za a bar lokacin da kuke da lokaci.Aƙalla a cikin wannan aikin, ƙarfe kawai muke amfani dashi azaman kayan aikin gita.
Yawancin gita-gita galibi ana yin su ne da itace.Kun san haka.Yawancin lokaci, ƙarfe ɗaya da za ku gani yana ƙunshe a cikin grid na piano, pickups, da wasu kayan aiki kamar gadoji, tuners, da buckles.Watakila akwai 'yan faranti, watakila akwai kulli.Tabbas, akwai kuma kiɗan kida.Zai fi kyau kar a manta da su.
A cikin tarihin kayan kida na mu, wasu jajirtattun mutane sun yi gaba, a wasu lokutan ma sun kara gaba.Labarinmu ya fara a California a cikin 1920s.A tsakiyar wannan shekaru goma, John Dopyera da 'yan uwansa sun kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙasa a Los Angeles.Wataƙila shi da George Beauchamp sun haɗa kai don tsara guitar resonator, wanda shine gudummawar ƙasa don neman girma girma.
Kusan karni guda bayan gabatarwar resonator, resonator har yanzu shine mafi mashahuri nau'in gitar karfe.Duk hotuna: Eleanor Jane
George mawaƙin juggler ne na Texan kuma mai son tinker, yanzu yana zaune a Los Angeles kuma yana aiki da ƙasa.Kamar ƴan wasan kwaikwayo da yawa a lokacin, yuwuwar iya sanya saman lebur na gargajiya da manyan baka suna ƙara ƙara.Yawancin guitarists waɗanda ke wasa a cikin makada na kowane girma suna son samun ƙarar ƙara fiye da yadda kayan aikin da ake da su zasu iya bayarwa.
Gitar mai resonant da George da abokansa suka ƙirƙira abu ne mai ban tsoro.Ya fito a cikin 1927 tare da jikin karfe mai sheki.A ciki, dangane da abin ƙira, National ya haɗa fayafai ko mazugi na karfe ɗaya ko uku na bakin ciki a ƙarƙashin gada.Suna aiki kamar lasifikan injina, suna fitar da sautin kirtani, kuma suna ba da sauti mai ƙarfi kuma na musamman don guitar resonator.A lokacin, wasu kamfanoni irin su Dobro da Regal suma sun yi resonators na jikin karfe.
Ba da nisa da hedkwatar ƙasa ba, Adolph Rickenbacker yana gudanar da wani kamfani na ƙirar ƙira, inda yake kera jikin ƙarfe da mazugi na resonator don National.George Beauchamp, Paul Barth da Adolph sun yi aiki tare don haɗa sabbin ra'ayoyinsu zuwa gitar lantarki.Sun kafa Ro-Pat-In a ƙarshen 1931, kafin George da Paul suka kori National.
A lokacin rani na 1932, Ro-Pat-In ya fara samar da samfuran lantarki na aluminum na lantarki don aikin simintin ƙarfe.Mai kunnawa ya ɗora kayan a cinyarsa kuma ya zame sandar ƙarfe a kan kirtani, yawanci yana saurare zuwa buɗaɗɗen kirtani.Tun daga shekarun 1920, ƙananan zoben karfe na cinya sun zama sananne, kuma wannan kayan aiki har yanzu yana shahara sosai.Yana da kyau a nanata cewa sunan "karfe" ba wai don wadannan gita-gita an yi su ne da karfe ba-tabbas, gita-gita da yawa ana yin su ne da itace banda Electros-amma saboda 'yan wasa suna rike da sandunan karfe.Na yi amfani da hannuna na hagu don tsayar da zaren da aka ɗaga.
Alamar Electro ta samo asali ne zuwa Rickenbacker.A kusa da 1937, sun fara yin ƙananan ƙarfe mai siffar guitar daga ƙarfe mai hatimi (yawanci chrome-plated brass), kuma a ƙarshe sun yi tunanin cewa aluminum abu ne da bai dace ba saboda kowane mai sana'a na guitar yana amfani da Metal a matsayin abu.Dole ne a yi la'akari da muhimmin sashi na kayan aiki.Aluminum a cikin karfe yana faɗaɗa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai girma (misali, ƙarƙashin hasken mataki), wanda sau da yawa yakan sa su rashin lokaci.Tun daga wannan lokacin, bambancin hanyar canjin itace da ƙarfe saboda zafin jiki da zafi ya isa ya ba da dama ga masana'antun da 'yan wasa da yawa su yi sauri daga sauran hanyar guitar (musamman wuyansa) wanda ke haɗuwa da kayan biyu.gudu
Gibson kuma a takaice ya yi amfani da simintin aluminum a matsayin gitarsa ta farko ta lantarki, wato Hawaiian Electric E-150 karfe, wanda ya fito a karshen shekarar 1935. Tsarin jikin karfe a fili ya zo daidai da kamanni da salon Rickenbackers, amma sai ya juya. cewa wannan hanya ba ta da amfani.Haka lamarin yake ga Gibson.A farkon shekara ta biyu, Gibson ya juya zuwa wurin da aka fi fahimta kuma ya gabatar da sabon juzu'i tare da jikin katako (da sunan daban-daban EH-150).
Yanzu, mun yi tsalle zuwa 1970s, har yanzu a California, kuma a lokacin da tagulla ta zama kayan aikin kayan masarufi saboda abin da ake kira haɓaka ingancin dorewa.A lokaci guda, Travis Bean ya ƙaddamar da tawagarsa daga Sun Valley, California a cikin 1974 tare da abokan aikinsa Marc McElwee (Marc McElwee) da Gary Kramer (Gary Kramer).Aluminum wuya guitar.Duk da haka, ba shi ne na farko da ya fara amfani da aluminum ba a cikin tsarin wuyansa na zamani.Girmama nasa ne ga guitar Wandre daga Italiya.
Dukansu Kramer DMZ 2000 da Travis Bean Standard daga shekarun 1970s suna da wuyoyin aluminium kuma ana samun su don siye a gwanjon guitar ta Gardiner Houlgate na gaba a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2021.
Daga ƙarshen 1950s zuwa 1960s, Antonio Wandrè Pioli ya tsara kuma ya samar da jerin fitattun mawaƙa masu kyan gani tare da wasu sanannun fasalulluka, gami da Rock Oval (wanda aka gabatar a kusa da 1958) da Scarabeo (1965).Kayan nasa sun bayyana a ƙarƙashin sunaye daban-daban, ciki har da Wandrè, Framez, Davoli, Noble da Orpheum, amma ban da siffar Pioli mai ban sha'awa, akwai wasu siffofi masu ban sha'awa na tsarin, ciki har da sashin wuyan aluminum.Mafi kyawun sigar yana da ta wuyan wuyansa, wanda ya ƙunshi bututun aluminum mai madauwari mara ƙarfi wanda ke kaiwa ga wani katako mai kama da firam, tare da allon yatsa, kuma an ba da murfin filastik na baya don samar da ma'anar santsi mai kyau.
Guitar Wandre ta ɓace a ƙarshen 1960s, amma an sake haɓaka ra'ayin wuyan aluminum tare da tallafin Travis Bean.Travis Bean ya fashe da yawa daga cikin wuyansa kuma ya haifar da abin da ya kira chassis don aluminum ta wuyansa.Ciki har da allon kai mai siffa T tare da ɗaukar hoto da gada, an kammala aikin gabaɗaya ta jikin katako.Ya ce wannan yana ba da daidaiton ƙarfi don haka mai kyau ductility, kuma ƙarin taro yana rage girgiza.Duk da haka, kasuwancin ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma Travis Bean ya daina aiki a cikin 1979. Travis ya bayyana a takaice a ƙarshen 90s, kuma sabon Travis Bean Designs yana aiki a Florida.A lokaci guda, a Irondale, Alabama, kamfanin guitar lantarki da Travis Bean ya rinjayi shi ma yana kiyaye harshen wuta.
Gary Kramer, abokin tarayya Travis, ya bar a cikin 1976, ya kafa nasa kamfani, kuma ya fara aiki akan aikin wuyan aluminum.Gary ya yi aiki tare da mai kera guitar Philip Petillo kuma ya yi wasu gyare-gyare.Ya saka abin da aka saka katako a bayan wuyansa don shawo kan sukar ƙarfen wuyan Travis Bean yana jin sanyi, kuma ya yi amfani da allon yatsa na sandalwood na roba.A farkon shekarun 1980, Kramer ya ba da wuyan katako na gargajiya a matsayin zaɓi, kuma a hankali, an yi watsi da aluminum.Farfadowar Henry Vaccaro da Philip Petillo asalinsu daga Kramer zuwa Vaccaro kuma ya kasance daga tsakiyar 90s zuwa 2002.
Guitar John Veleno ya ci gaba, kusan gabaɗaya an yi shi da aluminium mara kyau, tare da wuyan simintin gyare-gyare da kuma sassaƙaƙe da hannu.Mai hedikwata a St. Petersburg, Florida, Veleno ya fara samar da sabon kayan kida a kusa da 1970, kuma ya gama samar da wadannan kayan kida a cikin haske anodized launuka, ciki har da daukan hankali zinariya model.Wasu daga cikinsu suna da tebirin gefen gado mai siffar V da jajayen kayan ado a ciki.Bayan yin gita kusan 185, ya daina a 1977.
Bayan ya rabu da Travis Bean, Gary Kramer dole ne ya daidaita tsarinsa don kauce wa cin zarafi.Za'a iya ganin gunkin kayan kwalliyar Travis Bean a hannun dama
Wani masana'anta na al'ada da ke amfani da aluminium ta hanyar keɓantacce shine Tony Zemaitis, maginin Biritaniya da ke zaune a Kent.Lokacin da Eric Clapton ya ba Tony shawarar yin gita na azurfa, ya fara kera kayan aikin gaban karfe.Ya haɓaka samfurin ta hanyar rufe dukkan gaban jiki tare da faranti na aluminum.Yawancin ayyukan Tony sun ƙunshi aikin gwanin ƙwallon ƙwallon Danny O'Brien, kuma kyawawan ƙirarsa suna ba da kyan gani.Kamar sauran nau'ikan lantarki da na sauti, Tony ya fara kera gitar gaban ƙarfe na Zemaitis a kusa da 1970, har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 2000. Ya mutu a 2002.
James Trusart ya yi ayyuka da yawa don kula da halaye na musamman waɗanda ƙarfe zai iya samarwa a cikin yin guitar zamani.An haife shi a Faransa, daga baya ya koma Amurka, kuma daga karshe ya zauna a Los Angeles, inda ya shafe fiye da shekaru 20 yana aiki.Ya ci gaba da yin katafaren ƙarfe na ƙarfe na al'ada da violin zuwa ƙare daban-daban, yana haɗa kamannin ƙarfe na guitars resonator tare da tsatsa da yanayin tagulla na injin da aka jefar.
Billy Gibbons (Billy Gibbons) ya ba da shawarar sunan fasahar Rust-O-Matic, James ya sanya jikin guitar a kan wurin sanyawa na tsawon makonni da yawa, kuma a ƙarshe ya gama shi da rigar satin.Yawancin nau'ikan guitar ko ƙira ana buga su akan jikin ƙarfe (ko a farantin gadi ko babban kaya), gami da kwanyar kai da zane-zane na ƙabilanci, ko laushin fata na kada ko kayan shuka.
Trussart ba shine kawai ɗan ƙasar Faransa wanda ya haɗa gawawwakin ƙarfe a cikin gine-ginen sa ba - Loic Le Pape da MeloDuende duk sun bayyana a waɗannan shafuka a baya, kodayake ba kamar Trussart ba, suna ci gaba da zama a Faransa.
A wani wuri, masana'antun lokaci-lokaci suna ba da samfuran lantarki na yau da kullun tare da murɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kamar ɗaruruwan tsakiyar 90s Strats wanda Fender ke samarwa tare da ramin aluminium anodized.An sami guitars marasa al'ada tare da ƙarfe a matsayin ainihin, irin su SynthAxe na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 1980s.Jikin sa na fiberglass na sassaka an saita shi akan simintin ƙarfe na siminti.
Daga K&F a cikin 1940s (a takaice) zuwa allunan yatsa mara ƙarfi na Vigier na yanzu, akwai kuma allon yatsa na ƙarfe.Kuma an kammala wasu kayan adon da za su iya ba ainihin kamannin lantarki na katako na gargajiya abin farin ciki na ƙarfe-misali, Gretsch's 50s Silver Jet da aka yi wa ado da ganguna masu kyalli, ko kuma an gabatar da su a cikin 1990 A JS2 bambance-bambancen samfurin Jbanez wanda Joe Satriani ya sa hannu.
An cire ainihin JS2 na asali da sauri saboda a bayyane yake cewa kusan ba zai yuwu a samar da murfin chrome tare da tasirin aminci ba.Chromium zai fadi daga jiki kuma ya haifar da fasa, wanda bai dace ba.Kamfanin na Fujigen da alama ya kammala gitar JS2 chrome-plated guda bakwai don Ibanez, uku daga cikinsu an baiwa Joe, wanda dole ne ya sanya tef mai haske akan gibin misalan da ya fi so don hana fashe fata.
A al'adance, Fujigen yayi ƙoƙarin yin sutura ga jiki ta hanyar nutsar da shi a cikin wani bayani, amma wannan ya haifar da fashewa mai ban mamaki.Sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗora injin, amma iskar da ke cikin itacen ya ƙare saboda matsa lamba, kuma chromium ya koma launin nickel.Bugu da ƙari, ma'aikata suna fama da girgizar lantarki lokacin ƙoƙarin goge samfurin da aka gama.Ibanez ba shi da zabi, kuma an soke JS2.Koyaya, an sami ƙarin bugu biyu masu nasara daga baya: JS10th a cikin 1998 da JS2PRM a cikin 2005.
Ulrich Teuffel yana kera gita a kudancin Jamus tun 1995. Samfurinsa na Birdfish baya kama da kayan kida na al'ada.Firam ɗin sa na aluminium yana amfani da ra'ayi na kayan aikin ƙarfe na gargajiya kuma yana haɗa shi Canza shi zuwa wani abin da ba shi da tushe.“Tsuntsaye” da “Kifi” da ke cikin sunan wasu abubuwa ne na ƙarfe guda biyu waɗanda ke ɗaure masa igiya guda biyu na katako: tsuntsun shi ne ɓangaren gaba wanda aka kulle shi.Kifin shine ɓangaren baya na kwas ɗin sarrafawa.Dogon dogo da ke tsakanin su biyun yana gyara ɗauko mai motsi.
"Daga ra'ayi na falsafa, ina son ra'ayin barin kayan asali a cikin ɗakin studio na, yin wasu abubuwan sihiri a nan, sannan guitar ta fito," in ji Ulrich."Ina tsammanin Birdfish kayan kida ne, yana kawo takamaiman tafiya ga duk wanda ya kunna ta. Domin yana gaya muku yadda ake yin guitar."
Labarinmu ya ƙare da cikakken da'irar, yana komawa inda muka fara da ainihin guitar resonator a cikin 1920s.Gita da aka zana daga wannan al'adar suna ba da mafi yawan ayyukan yau da kullun don tsarin jikin ƙarfe, kamar samfuran kamar Ashbury, Gretsch, Ozark da King Recording, da kuma samfuran zamani daga Dobro, Regal da National, da Resophonic kamar su ule sub in Michigan.
Loic Le Pape wani dan kasar Faransa ne wanda ya kware a kan karfe.Ya kware wajen sake gina tsoffin kayan katako da jikin karfe.
Mike Lewis na Fine Resophonic a Paris ya kwashe shekaru 30 yana kera gitar jikin karfe.Yana amfani da tagulla, azurfar Jamus, da kuma wani lokacin karfe.Mike ya ce: "Ba don ɗayansu ya fi kyau ba," amma suna da muryoyi daban-daban.“Misali, salon kabilanci na tsohon zamani na 0 koyaushe yana zama tagulla, kabilanci biyu ko Triolian koyaushe ana yin su ne da ƙarfe, kuma galibin tsofaffin Tricones an yi su ne da azurfa da nickel na Jamus, suna ba da sauti daban-daban iri uku. ."
Menene mafi munin kuma mafi kyawun abu game da aiki tare da ƙarfe na guitar a yau?"Mafi munin yanayi na iya kasancewa lokacin da ka mika guitar a kan nickel plated kuma suna lalata shi. Wannan zai iya faruwa. Abu mafi kyau shi ne cewa zaka iya yin siffofi na al'ada ba tare da kayan aiki da yawa ba. Siyan karfe ba shi da wani hani." Mike ya kammala, tare da dariya, "Misali, tagulla na Brazil. Amma lokacin da igiyoyin ke kunne, yana da kyau koyaushe. Zan iya wasa."
Guitar.com shine jagorar iko da albarkatu ga duk filayen guitar a duniya.Muna ba da haske da fahimta kan kayan aiki, masu fasaha, fasaha da masana'antar guitar don kowane nau'i da matakan fasaha.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-11-2021