Mekini-knitted hiki ke holoi 'ia ka lole 'ike no ka nānā 'ana i ka hō'ailona physiological epidermal

Ua makemake nui ʻia nā mea uila uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻokele olakino pilikino.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mea uila uila i hōʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa ke kuhikuhi i kahi hōʻailona physiological hoʻokahi a i ʻole nalo i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o nā hōʻailona, ​​​​e alakaʻi ana i kahi loiloi olakino.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka textiles me ka waiwai maikaʻi a me ka hōʻoluʻolu e mau nō ka paʻakikī.Maʻaneʻi, hōʻike mākou i kahi ʻano mea ʻike ʻikepili triboelectric āpau me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻoluʻolu.Hōʻike ia i ka naʻau puʻe (7.84 mV Pa−1), ka manawa pane wikiwiki (20 ms), kūpaʻa (> 100,000 cycles), ka bandwidth hana ākea (a hiki i ka 20 Hz), a me ka holoi ʻana i ka mīkini (> 40 holoi).Ua humuhumu ʻia nā TATSA i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā lole e nānā i nā nalu pulse arterial a me nā hōʻailona hanu i ka manawa like.Ua hoʻomohala hou mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā olakino no ka loiloi lōʻihi a me ka noinvasive o ka maʻi cardiovascular a me ka maʻi apnea moe, e hōʻike ana i ka holomua nui no ka loiloi quantitative o kekahi mau maʻi maʻi.

Hōʻike nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i kahi manawa hoihoi ma muli o kā lākou noi hoʻohiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau pilikino.Hiki iā lākou ke nānā i ke kūlana olakino o ke kanaka ma ke ʻano hoʻomau, ka manawa maoli, a me ke ʻano ʻole (1–11).ʻO ka puʻupuʻu a me ka hanu, ʻo ia nā mea koʻikoʻi ʻelua o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi loiloi pololei o ke kūlana physiological a me nā ʻike kupaianaha i ka ʻike a me ka wānana o nā maʻi pili (12-21).I kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona physiological maʻalahi e pili ana i nā substrates ultrathin e like me polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, aniani, a me ke silikoni (22-26).ʻO kahi drawback o kēia mau substrates no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻili aia ma kā lākou papa planar a paʻa.ʻO ka hopena, koi ʻia nā lipine, Band-Aids, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana mīkini ʻē aʻe e hoʻokumu i kahi pilina paʻa ma waena o nā mea uila hiki ke hoʻohana a me ka ʻili kanaka, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki a me ka pilikia i ka wā lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana (27, 28).Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau substrates ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea permeability, ka hopena i ka ʻeha ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino lōʻihi.No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pilikia i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna o ka mālama olakino, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, hāʻawi nā textiles akamai i kahi hopena hilinaʻi.Loaʻa i kēia mau textiles nā hiʻohiʻona o ka palupalu, ke kaumaha māmā, a me ka hanu a, no laila, hiki ke ʻike i ka hōʻoluʻolu i nā mea uila uila.I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā hana koʻikoʻi e hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka textile i nā mea ʻike makaʻala, ka ʻohi ikehu, a me ka mālama ʻana (29–39).ʻO ka mea nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi kūleʻa e pili ana i ka fiber optical, piezoelectricity, a me ka resistivity-based smart textiles i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu (40-43).Eia naʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka naʻau o kēia mau textiles akamai a me kahi ʻāpana nānā hoʻokahi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano nui (papa S1).I ka hihia o ke ana pulse, paʻakikī ka ʻike kikoʻī e hopu ma muli o ka nawaliwali a me ka wikiwiki o ka loli ʻana o ka pulse (e laʻa, kona mau hiʻohiʻona), a no laila, koi ʻia ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana pane alapine kūpono.

I loko o kēia haʻawina, hoʻolauna mākou i kahi triboelectric all-textile sensor array (TATSA) me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe no ka hopu ʻana i ka epidermal subtle pressure, i ulana ʻia me nā kaula conductive a me nā wili naylon i loko o kahi kuʻi cardigan piha.Hiki i ka TATSA ke hāʻawi i ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe (7.84 mV Pa−1), ka manawa pane wikiwiki (20 ms), ke kūpaʻa (> 100,000 cycles), ka bandwidth hana ākea (a hiki i ka 20 Hz), a me ka holoi ʻana i ka mīkini (> 40 holoi).Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohui pono iā ia iho i nā lole me ka noʻonoʻo, hōʻoluʻolu, a me ka hoʻopiʻi nani.ʻO ka mea nui, hiki ke hoʻokomo pono ʻia kā mākou TATSA i nā wahi like ʻole o ka lole e pili ana i nā nalu pulse ma ka ʻāʻī, lima lima, manamana lima, a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me nā nalu hanu i ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma.No ka loiloi i ka hana maikaʻi loa o ka TATSA i ka manawa maoli a me ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino mamao, hoʻomohala mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā olakino naʻauao pilikino e hoʻomau a mālama i nā hōʻailona physiological no ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi cardiovascular (CAD) a me ka loiloi o ka maʻi apnea hiamoe (SAS). ).

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 1A, ua humuhumu ʻia ʻelua TATSA i loko o ka pahu a me ka umauma o kahi pālule e hiki ai i ka nānā ikaika a me ka manawa like o ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu, kēlā me kēia.Ua hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona physiological ma ke kelepona ʻole i ka polokalamu kelepona paʻalima akamai (APP) no ka nānā hou ʻana i ke kūlana olakino.Hōʻike ka Figure 1B i ka TATSA i humuhumu ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana lole, a hōʻike ka inset i ka ʻike nui ʻana o ka TATSA, i ulana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaula conductive hiʻohiʻona a me ke kaula nylon pāʻoihana i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi pahu cardigan piha.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka humuhumu maʻamau, ʻo ke ʻano hana maʻamau a maʻamau, ua koho ʻia ka hili cardigan piha no ka mea ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ke poʻo loop o ke kaula conductive a me ke poʻo humu kuʻi pili o ke kaula nylon (fig. S1) he ili. ma mua o kahi hoʻopili kiko, e alakaʻi ana i kahi wahi hana nui no ka hopena triboelectric kiʻekiʻe.No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kaula conductive, ua koho mākou i ke kila kila ma ke ʻano he fiber core paʻa, a ua wili ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā wili Terylene one-ply a puni ka fiber core i hoʻokahi wili conductive me ke anawaena o 0.2 mm (fig. S2), i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he. ʻo ka ʻili uila a me ka electrode conducting.ʻO ke kaula nylon, nona ke anawaena o 0.15 mm a lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he electrification ʻē aʻe, he ikaika tensile ikaika no ka mea ua wili ʻia e nā wili hiki ʻole ke helu (fig. S3).Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 (C a me D, kēlā me kēia) i nā kiʻi o ke kaula conductive i hana ʻia a me ke kaula nylon.Hōʻike nā mea hoʻokomo i kā lākou mau kiʻi scanning electron microscopy (SEM), e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana keʻa maʻamau o ke kaula conductive a me ka ʻili o ke kaula nylon.ʻO ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe o nā kaula conductive a me nā nylon i hōʻoia i ko lākou hiki ke ulana ʻia ma kahi mīkini ʻenehana e mālama i ka hana like o nā mea ʻike āpau.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 1E, ua ʻeha nā kaula conductive, nā nylon a me nā lola maʻamau i ko lākou mau cones, a laila hoʻouka ʻia ma luna o ka mīkini wili paʻa paʻa no ka ulana ʻakomi (kiʻiʻoniʻoni S1).E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.S4, ua hui pū ʻia kekahi mau TATSA me ka lole maʻamau e hoʻohana ana i ka mīkini ʻenehana.ʻO kahi TATSA hoʻokahi me ka mānoanoa o 0.85 mm a me ke kaumaha o 0.28 g hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia mai ka hale holoʻokoʻa no ka hoʻohana pilikino, e hōʻike ana i kona kūlike maikaʻi me nā lole ʻē aʻe.Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia nā TATSA i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā koi aesthetic a me nā hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o nā wili nylon kalepa (Fig. 1F a me fig. S5).ʻO nā TATSA i hana ʻia he palupalu maikaʻi loa a me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka piʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka deformation (fig. S6).Hōʻike ke Kiʻi 1G i ka TATSA i humuhumu pololei ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻupuʻu o kahi lole.Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka ulana ʻana i ka wili ma ka fig.S7 a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni S2.Hōʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī o ka ʻaoʻao mua a me hope o ka TATSA i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kūlana ʻōpū.S8 (A a me B, pakahi), a ua hoikeia ke kulana o ke kaula conductive a me ke kaula nylon ma ka fig.S8C.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi e hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka TATSA i nā lole maʻamau me ka maʻalahi no kahi hiʻohiʻona naʻauao a akamai.

(A) ʻElua mau TATSA i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kahi pālule no ka nānā ʻana i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu i ka manawa maoli.(B) Hōʻike hoʻohālike o ka hui pū ʻana o TATSA a me nā lole.Hōʻike ka inset i ka ʻike nui o ka sensor.(C) Paʻi kiʻi o ke kaula conductive (paʻa unahi, 4 knm).ʻO ka mea hoʻokomo ke kiʻi SEM o ka ʻāpana keʻa o ke kaula conductive (scale bar, 100 μm), i loko o ke kila kila a me nā yarns Terylene.(D) Paʻi kiʻi o ke kaula nylon (ka pā unahi, 4 knm).ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻia ke kiʻi SEM o ka ʻili o ka nylon yarn (ka pā unahi, 100 μm).(E) ʻO ke kiʻi o ka mīkini wili paʻa i ka lolouila e hana ana i ka ulana ʻakomi o nā TATSA.(F) Paʻi kiʻi o nā TATSA ma nā kala like ʻole (ka pā unahi, 2 knm).ʻO ka inset ka TATSA wili, e hōʻike ana i kona palupalu maikaʻi loa.(G) Paʻi kiʻi o ʻelua TATSA i humuhumu ʻia i loko o kahi lole lole.Kiʻi kiʻi: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.

No ke kālailai ʻana i ke ʻano hana o ka TATSA, me kona ʻano mechanical a me ka uila, ua kūkulu mākou i kahi hoʻohālike geometric knitting o ka TATSA, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 2A.Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kuʻikuʻi cardigan piha, hoʻopili ʻia nā wili conductive a me nā nylon i nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana loop i ka papa a me ka ʻaoʻao wale.Hoʻokahi hanana loop (fig. S1) he poʻo loop, lima loop, ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, lima humu kuʻi, a me ke poʻo humu kuʻi.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻelua ʻano o ka ʻili pili ma waena o nā wili ʻokoʻa ʻelua: (i) ka ʻili pili ma waena o ke poʻo loop o ka wili conductive a me ke poʻo humuhumu kuʻi o ke kaula nylon a (ii) ka ʻili pili ma waena o ke poʻo loop o ʻo ke kaula nylon a me ke poʻo humuhumu kuʻi o ke kaula conductive.

(A) ʻO ka TATSA me nā ʻaoʻao mua, ʻākau, a me luna o nā puka lou.(B) ʻO ka hopena hoʻohālikelike o ka puʻunaue ikaika o kahi TATSA ma lalo o kahi kaomi o 2 kPa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu COMSOL.(C) Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana o kahi ʻāpana hoʻopili ma lalo o nā kūlana pōkole.(D) Nā hualoaʻa hoʻohālikelike o ka puʻunaue ʻana o kahi hui hoʻopili ma lalo o kahi kūlana kaapuni hāmama me ka polokalamu COMSOL.

Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kumu hana o ka TATSA ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ikaika o waho a me kāna uku hoʻoiho.No ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi ma ka pane ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ikaika o waho, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka nānā ʻana i ka element finite me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu COMSOL ma nā ʻano like ʻole o waho o 2 a me 0.2 kPa, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 2B a me ka fig.S9.ʻIke ʻia ke koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻili pili o ʻelua wili.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.S10, ua noʻonoʻo mākou i ʻelua ʻāpana loop e wehewehe i ka puʻu kaumaha.I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi ma lalo o ʻelua mau mana waho like ʻole, hoʻonui ke koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā ʻili o ka conductive a me ka nylon yarns me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika o waho, e hopena i ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka extrusion ma waena o nā wili ʻelua.Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikaika o waho, kaʻawale nā ​​kaula ʻelua a neʻe aku kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ke kaula conductive a me ka yarn nylon e hoʻoulu i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka hoʻoili, ʻo ia ka mea i pili i ka hui ʻana o ka triboelectrification a me ka induction electrostatic.No ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana uila, kālele mākou i ka ʻāpana keʻa o ka wahi i hui ai nā wili ʻelua me kekahi (Fig. 2C1).E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 2 (C2 a me C3, kēlā me kēia), i ka wā e hoʻoulu ʻia ai ka TATSA e ka ikaika o waho a me ka pili ʻana o nā wili ʻelua me kekahi, hiki ke electrification ma ka ʻili o nā kaula conductive a me nā nylon, a me nā uku like me ke kū'ē. hana ʻia nā polarities ma ka ʻili o nā wili ʻelua.Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wili ʻelua, hoʻokomo ʻia nā uku maikaʻi i loko o ke kila kila kila ma muli o ka hopena induction electrostatic.Hōʻike ʻia ka schematic piha i ka fig.S11.No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike nui aʻe o ke kaʻina hana uila, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka TATSA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu COMSOL (Fig. 2D).Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ʻelua, e hōʻiliʻili nui ka uku ma luna o ka mea friction, a he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka hoʻopiʻi i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka electrode, e hopena i ka hiki liʻiliʻi (Fig. 2D, lalo).Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ʻelua (Fig. 2D, luna), piʻi ka uku i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka electrode ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hiki ke pili, e hōʻike ana i kahi kūpono maikaʻi ma waena o nā hopena i loaʻa mai nā hoʻokolohua a me nā mea mai nā simulation. .Eia kekahi, no ka mea, ua wahī ʻia ka electrode conducting o ka TATSA i nā wili Terylene a pili ka ʻili me nā mea friction ʻelua, no laila, ke kau pololei ʻia ka TATSA i ka ʻili, pili ka uku i ka ikaika o waho a ʻaʻole e ʻae. nawaliwali i ka ili.

No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana o kā mākou TATSA ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ua hāʻawi mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana ana i loaʻa kahi mea hoʻomohala hana, hoʻonui mana, haʻalulu electrodynamic, ana mana, electrometer, a me kamepiula (fig. S12).Hoʻopuka kēia ʻōnaehana i kahi kaomi hoʻoikaika o waho a hiki i 7 kPa.I ka hoʻokolohua, ua kau ʻia ka TATSA ma luna o kahi pepa palaka palahalaha ma kahi kūlana manuahi, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hōʻailona uila e ka electrometer.

Hoʻopili nā kikoʻī o nā kaula conductive a me nā nylon i ka hana hoʻopuka o ka TATSA no ka mea e hoʻoholo lākou i ka ʻili pili a me ka hiki ke ʻike i ke kaomi o waho.No ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia, hana mākou i ʻekolu nui o nā wili ʻelua, kēlā me kēia: conductive yarn me ka nui o 150D/3, 210D/3, a me 250D/3 a me ka nylon yarn me ka nui o 150D/6, 210D/6, a me 250D. /6 (D, denier; he ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mānoanoa fiber o kēlā me kēia milo; ʻo nā lole me ka helu denier kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano mānoanoa).A laila, koho mākou i kēia mau wili ʻelua me nā nui like ʻole e wili iā lākou i kahi sensor, a mālama ʻia ka nui o ka TATSA ma 3 knm me 3 knm me ka helu loop o 16 ma ka ʻaoʻao wale a me 10 ma ke ala papa.No laila, ua loaʻa nā mea ʻike me ʻeiwa mau hiʻohiʻona wili.ʻO ka mea ʻike ma ka conductive yarn me ka nui o 150D/3 a me ka nylon yarn me ka nui o 150D/6 ʻoi aku ka lahilahi, a ʻo ka sensor e ka conductive yarn me ka nui o 250D/3 a me ka nylon yarn me ka nui o 250D/ ʻO 6 ka mānoanoa loa.Ma lalo o ka mechanical excitation o 0.1 a 7 kPa, ua ho'āʻo a ho'āʻoʻia nā puka uila no kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, e like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia ma ka Fig. 3A.Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā volta hoʻopuka o nā TATSA ʻeiwa me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaomi, mai 0.1 a 4 kPa.ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī, o nā hiʻohiʻona wili a pau, ʻo ka kikoʻī o ka 210D/3 conductive yarn a me 210D/6 nylon yarn i hāʻawi i ka mea uila kiʻekiʻe loa a hōʻike i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa.Ua hōʻike ka volta hoʻopuka i ka piʻi ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka TATSA (no ka lawa ʻana o ka ʻili pili) a hiki i ka hui ʻana o ka TATSA me ka wili conductive 210D/3 a me 210D/6 nylon yarn.I ka hoʻonui hou ʻana i ka mānoanoa e alakaʻi i ka absorption o ke kaomi o waho e nā yarns, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka uila puka.Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (<4 kPa), kahi hoʻololi laina laina maikaʻi i ka volta puka me ke kaomi i hāʻawi i kahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 7.84 mV Pa−1.Ma ka ʻāpana kaomi kiʻekiʻe (> 4 kPa), ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 0.31 mV Pa−1 ma muli o ka saturation o ka wahi friction kūpono.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano puʻe like i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikaika.Hōʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī manawa paʻa o ka volta puka a me ke au ma lalo o nā kaomi like ʻole ma ka fig.S13 (A a me B, pakahi).

(A) Puke uila ma lalo o ʻeiwa mau hiʻohiʻona wili o ke kaula conductive (150D/3, 210D/3, a me 250D/3) i hui pū ʻia me ke kaula nylon (150D/6, 210D/6, a me 250D/6).(B) Pane Voltage i nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻāpana loop i ka ʻāpana lole hoʻokahi ke mālama ʻia ka helu loop ma ka ʻaoʻao wale me ka loli ʻole.(C) Nā ʻāpana e hōʻike ana i nā pane alapine ma lalo o ke kaomi ikaika o 1 kPa a me ke alapine hoʻokomo kaomi o 1 Hz.(D) ʻO nā mea hoʻopuka like ʻole a me nā volena o kēia manawa ma lalo o nā alapine o 1, 5, 10, a me 20 Hz.(E) Ho'āʻo lōʻihi o kahi TATSA ma lalo o ke kaomi o 1 kPa.(F) Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka TATSA ma hope o ka holoi ʻana he 20 a me 40 manawa.

Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka naʻau a me ka puʻupuʻu puka e ka mānoanoa stitch o ka TATSA, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka huina o nā puka lou i kahi ana o ka lole.ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa humuhumu e alakaʻi i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana lole.Hōʻike ka Figure 3B i nā hana hoʻopuka ma lalo o nā helu loop like ʻole i ka ʻāpana textile o 3 knm me 3 knm, a hōʻike ka inset i ke ʻano o kahi hui loop (ua mālama mākou i ka helu loop ma ke kuhikuhi papa ma 10, a me ka helu loop i ka ʻO ke kuhikuhi wale nō he 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, a me 26).Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu loop, ua hōʻike mua ka voluma puka i ka piʻi ʻana ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻili pili, a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka voluma puka kiʻekiʻe o 7.5 V me ka helu loop o 180. Ma hope o kēia manawa, ua hahai ka volta hoʻopuka i kahi ʻano emi no ka mea. Ua paʻa ka TATSA, a ua hoʻemi ʻia nā wili ʻelua i kahi wahi hoʻokaʻawale hoʻokaʻawale.No ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hea ka hopena nui o ka puʻupuʻu i ka hopena, ua mālama mākou i ka helu loop o ka TATSA ma ka ʻaoʻao wale ma 18, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka helu loop ma ke ala papa he 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, a me 14. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā volena hoʻopuka e pili ana i ka fig.S14.Ma ka hoʻohālikelike, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he ʻoi aku ka mana o ka density ma ka ʻaoʻao papa i ka volta puka.ʻO ka hopena, ua koho ʻia ke ʻano wili o ka wili conductive 210D/3 a me 210D/6 nylon yarn a me 180 loop units e laʻi i ka TATSA ma hope o nā loiloi piha o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻopuka.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i nā hōʻailona hoʻopuka o nā mea ʻike lole ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka stitch cardigan piha a me ka humu pala.E like me ka hoike ana ma ka fig.S15, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopuka uila a me ka naʻau e hoʻohana ana i ka humu cardigan piha ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka humuhumu maʻamau.

Ua ana ʻia ka manawa pane no ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona manawa maoli.No ka nānāʻana i ka manawa pane o kā mākou meaʻike i nā mana o waho, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i nā hōʻailona voltage puka me nā mea hoʻokomo hoʻoikaika ikaika ma ke alapine o 1 a hiki i ka 20 Hz (Fig. 3C a me ka fig. S16, kēlā me kēia).Ua aneane like ka hawewe o ka puliki puka me na hawewe kaomi sinusoidal komo ma lalo o ke kaomi o 1 kPa, a he manawa pane wikiwiki ko na puka hawewe (ma kahi o 20 ms).Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia hysteresis i ke ʻano elastic ʻaʻole i hoʻi i ke kūlana kumu ma hope koke o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika o waho.Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻia kēia hysteresis liʻiliʻi no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli.No ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaomi ikaika me kahi ʻano alapine, manaʻo ʻia kahi pane alapine kūpono o TATSA.No laila, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka ʻano alapine o TATSA.Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka alapine hoihoi o waho, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka amplitude o ka volta hoʻopuka, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka amplitude o kēia manawa ke hoʻololi ʻia nā alapine paʻi mai 1 a 20 Hz (Fig. 3D).

No ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana hou, kūpaʻa, a me ka lōʻihi o ka TATSA, ua hoʻāʻo mākou i ka volta puka a me nā pane o kēia manawa i ke kaomi hoʻouka-unloading cycles.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi kaomi o 1 kPa me ke alapine o 5 Hz i ka ʻike.Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka peak-to-peak voltage a me kēia manawa ma hope o 100,000 hoʻoiho hoʻouka ʻana (Fig. 3E a me ka fig. S17, kēlā me kēia).Hōʻike ʻia nā manaʻo i hoʻonui ʻia o ka volta a me ka nalu o kēia manawa ma ka inset o Fig. 3E a me ka fig.S17, kēlā me kēia.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka hana hou, kūpaʻa, a me ka lōʻihi o ka TATSA.ʻO ka holoi holoi ʻana he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka TATSA ma ke ʻano he mea lole lole āpau.No ka loiloi ʻana i ka hiki ke holoi, ua hoʻāʻo mākou i ka voltage puka o ka sensor ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i ka mīkini i ka TATSA e like me ka American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Test Method 135-2017.Hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻina hana holoi kikoʻī ma nā Materials and Methods.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 3F, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā huahana uila ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i nā manawa 20 a me 40 mau manawa, i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe hoʻololi ʻokoʻa o ka volta hoʻopuka i loko o nā hoʻāʻo holoi.Hōʻoia kēia mau hopena i ka hiki ke holoi ʻia o ka TATSA.Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike lole lole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, ua ʻimi pū mākou i ka hana hoʻopuka i ka wā o ka TATSA i ka tensile (fig. S18), wili (fig. S19), a me nā kūlana haʻahaʻa (fig. S20).

Ma ke kumu o nā pono he nui o ka TATSA i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi ʻōnaehana mālama olakino kelepona uila (WMHMS), nona ka hiki ke loaʻa mau nā hōʻailona physiological a laila hāʻawi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka mea maʻi.Hōʻike ka Figure 4A i ke kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā o ka WMHMS ma muli o ka TATSA.ʻEhā mau ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana: ʻo ka TATSA no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona physiological analog, kahi kaapuni hoʻohālikelike analog me kahi kānana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (MAX7427) a me kahi amplifier (MAX4465) e hōʻoia i nā kikoʻī kūpono a me ka synchronism maikaʻi loa o nā hōʻailona, ​​kahi analog-to-digital. converter ma muli o ka microcontroller unit e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona analog i nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe, a me kahi module Bluetooth (CC2640 haʻahaʻa-mana Bluetooth chip) e hoʻouna i ka hōʻailona kikohoʻe i ka palapala noi kelepona kelepona (APP; Huawei Honor 9).I loko o kēia haʻawina, ua humuhumu ʻia ka TATSA i loko o ka lace, ka lima lima, ka manamana lima, a me ka sock, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 4B.

(A) Hōʻike kiʻi o ka WMHMS.(B) Nā kiʻi o nā TATSA i humuhumu ʻia i loko o ka pūlima lima, ka manamana lima, ka sock, a me ke kaula umauma.Ana o ka pulse ma ka (C1) ai, (D1) lima lima, (E1) manamana lima, a me (F1) ku'eku'e wāwae.Ka nalu puʻupuʻu ma ka ʻāʻī (C2), (D2) lima lima, (E2) manamana lima, a me (F2) kuʻekuʻe wāwae.(G) Nā ʻano nalu o nā makahiki like ʻole.(H) Ka nānā 'ana i ka hawewe pulu ho'okahi.Hōʻike ʻia ʻo AIx (%) = P2/P1.ʻO P1 ka piko o ka nalu holomua, a ʻo P2 ka piko o ka nalu i ʻike ʻia.(I) He pōʻai pulse o ka brachial a me ka wāwae.Ua wehewehe ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka hawewe Pulse (PWV) ʻo PWV = D/∆T.ʻO D ka mamao ma waena o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me ka brachial.ʻO ∆T ka manawa lōʻihi ma waena o nā piko o ka wāwae wāwae a me nā nalu pulse brachial.PTT, ka manawa hoʻololi pulse.(J) Hoʻohālikelike o AIx a me ka brachial-ankle PWV (BAPWV) ma waena o ke olakino a me nā CAD.*P <0.01, **P <0.001, a me ***P <0.05.HTN, hypertension;CHD, ma'i pu'uwai coronary;ʻO DM, ka maʻi diabetes.Kiʻi kiʻi: Jin Yang, Chongqing University.

No ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona pulse o nā ʻāpana kino kanaka like ʻole, ua hoʻopili mākou i nā mea hoʻonani i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua me nā TATSA i nā kūlana kūpono: ʻāʻī (Fig. 4C1), wrist (Fig. 4D1), fingertip (Fig. 4E1), a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae (Fig. 4F1). ), e like me ka wehewehe ʻana ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni S3 a i S6.I loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻekolu mau hiʻohiʻona nui o ka nalu puʻupuʻu: ʻo ka piko o ka nalu holomua P1, ka piko o ka nalu i ʻike ʻia P2, a me ka piko o ka nalu dicrotic P3.Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i ke kūlana olakino o ka arterial elasticity, peripheral resistance, a me ka ventricular contractility hema e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.Ua loaʻa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hawewe pulse o kahi wahine 25 makahiki ma nā kūlana ʻehā ma luna aʻe i kā mākou hoʻokolohua.E hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā kiko hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ʻekolu (P1 a i ka P3) ma ka hawewe pulse ma ka ʻāʻī, ka lima lima, a me nā kūlana manamana lima, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig. 4 (C2 to E2).ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻo P1 a me P3 wale nō i ʻike ʻia ma ka nalu pulse ma ke kūlana kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a ʻaʻole ʻo P2 (Fig. 4F2).ʻO kēia hopena ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka nalu koko e hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka ventricle hema a me ka nalu i ʻike ʻia mai nā lālā lalo (44).Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina mua e loaʻa ana ka P2 i nā nalu i ana ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna akā ʻaʻole i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae (45, 46).Ua nānā mākou i nā hopena like i nā nalu i ana ʻia me ka TATSA, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka fig.S21, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻikepili maʻamau mai ka heluna kanaka o 80 mau maʻi i aʻo ʻia ma aneʻi.Hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka P2 i kēia mau hawewe pulse i ana ʻia i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki o ka TATSA ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi i loko o ka nalu.Hōʻike kēia mau hopena ana i ka pulse e hiki i kā mākou WMHMS ke hōʻike pololei i nā hiʻohiʻona hawewe pulse o ke kino luna a lalo a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā hana ʻē aʻe (41, 47).No ka hōʻike hou aku e hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia kā mākou TATSA i nā makahiki like ʻole, ua ana mākou i nā nalu pulse o 80 mau kumuhana i nā makahiki like ʻole, a ua hōʻike mākou i kekahi mau ʻikepili maʻamau, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka fig.S22.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 4G, ua koho mākou i ʻekolu i komo i ka makahiki 25, 45, a me 65 mau makahiki, a ua ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻekolu no ka poʻe ʻōpio a me ka waena o nā makahiki.Wahi a ka palapala lapaʻau (48), hoʻololi nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hapa nui o nā nalu pulse o ka poʻe i ko lākou mau makahiki, e like me ka nalo ʻana o ke kiko P2, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nalu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i neʻe i mua e hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i ka nalu holomua ma o ka emi ʻana o ka nalu. elasticity vascular.Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o nā nalu a mākou i hōʻiliʻili ai, e hōʻoia hou ana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka TATSA i nā lehulehu like ʻole.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka hawewe Pulse ʻaʻole wale e ke kūlana physiological o ke kanaka akā pū kekahi i nā kūlana hoʻāʻo.No laila, ua ana mākou i nā hōʻailona pulse ma lalo o ka paʻa paʻa like ʻole ma waena o ka TATSA a me ka ʻili (fig. S23) a me nā kūlana ʻike like ʻole ma ke kahua ana (fig. S24).Hiki ke ʻike ʻia e hiki i ka TATSA ke loaʻa i nā nalu pulse mau me nā ʻike kikoʻī a puni ka moku ma kahi ʻāpana ʻike maikaʻi nui ma ke kahua ana.Eia kekahi, aia nā hōʻailona puka ʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka paʻa paʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka TATSA a me ka ʻili.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā mea ʻike e hoʻopilikia i nā hōʻailona pulse.Ke kū ka lima o ke kumuhana i kahi kūlana paʻa, paʻa ka amplitude o ka nalu pulse i loaʻa (fig. S25A);ʻoiai, ke neʻe mālie ka lima ma kahi kihi mai −70° a i 70° i ka 30 s, e loli ana ka amplitude o ka nalu pulse (fig. S25B).Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia hawewe pulse, a hiki ke loaʻa pololei ka pulse.ʻIke loa, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nalu pulse paʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kanaka, pono e noiʻi ʻia nā hana hou e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā sensor a me ka hana hōʻailona hope.

Eia kekahi, no ka nānā ʻana a me ka helu helu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular ma o nā hawewe pulse i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā mākou TATSA, ua hoʻolauna mākou i ʻelua mau ʻāpana hemodynamic e like me ka loiloi loiloi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka augmentation index (AIx) a me ka wikiwiki o ka nalu pulse. (PWV), e hōʻike ana i ka elasticity o nā aʻa.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 4H, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nalu pulse ma ke kūlana lima o ke kanaka olakino 25-makahiki no ka nānā ʻana o AIx.Wahi a ke kumu (ʻāpana S1), ua loaʻa ʻo AIx = 60%, ʻo ia ka waiwai maʻamau.A laila, hōʻiliʻili mākou i ʻelua mau nalu pulse ma ka lima a me nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae o kēia mea komo (ʻo ke ʻano kikoʻī o ke ana ʻana i ka hawewe pulse i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā Materials and Methods).E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 4I, ua ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano hawewe pulse ʻelua.A laila, helu mākou i ka PWV e like me ke kumu (ʻāpana S1).ʻO PWV = 1363 knm/s, he ʻano waiwai i manaʻo ʻia no ke kāne makua olakino.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻike mākou ʻaʻole pili nā metric o AIx a i ʻole PWV e ka ʻokoʻa amplitude o ka hawewe pulse, a ʻokoʻa nā waiwai o AIx ma nā ʻāpana kino like ʻole.I kā mākou aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka radial AIx.No ka hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o WMHMS i nā poʻe like ʻole, ua koho mākou i 20 i komo i ka hui olakino, 20 i ka hui hypertension (HTN), 20 i ka hui maʻi coronary heart (CHD) mai 50 a 59 mau makahiki, a me 20 i ka hui maʻi diabetes (DM).Ua ana mākou i ko lākou mau hawewe pulse a hoʻohālikelike i kā lākou mau ʻāpana ʻelua, AIx a me PWV, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke kiʻi 4J.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he haʻahaʻa ka helu PWV o nā hui HTN, CHD, a me DM i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui olakino a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa helu helu (PHTN ≪ 0.001, PCHD ≪ 0.001, a me PDM ≪ 0.001; ua helu ʻia nā helu P e t hoao).I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā waiwai AIx o nā hui HTN a me CHD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hui olakino a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa helu (PHTN <0.01, PCHD <0.001, a me PDM <0.05).ʻO ka PWV a me AIx o ka poʻe i komo me CHD, HTN, a i ʻole DM ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka poʻe i loko o ka hui olakino.Hōʻike nā hopena i hiki i ka TATSA ke kiʻi pololei i ka nalu pulse e helu ai i ka parameter cardiovascular e loiloi i ke kūlana olakino cardiovascular.I ka hopena, ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona uea, kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe-sensitivity a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, hāʻawi ka WMHMS i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka TATSA i kahi koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli ma mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā halemai.

Ma waho aʻe o ka nalu pulse, ʻo ka ʻike hanu kekahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi nui e kōkua i ka loiloi i ke kūlana kino o ke kanaka.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nānā ʻana i ka hanu e pili ana i kā mākou TATSA ma mua o ka polysomnography maʻamau no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui pono ʻia i loko o nā lole no ka hōʻoluʻolu maikaʻi.Hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ke kaula umauma elastic keʻokeʻo, ua nakinaki pono ʻia ka TATSA i ke kino kanaka a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a puni ka umauma no ka nānā ʻana i ka hanu (Fig. 5A a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni S7).Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka TATSA me ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana o ka ribcage, ka hopena i ka hoʻopuka uila.Ua hōʻoia ʻia ke ʻano nalu i loaʻa ma Fig. 5B.ʻO ka hōʻailona me nā loli nui (he amplitude o 1.8 V) a me nā loli manawa (he alapine o 0.5 Hz) pili i ka neʻe hanu.Ua kau ʻia ka hōʻailona fluctuation liʻiliʻi ma luna o kēia hōʻailona fluctuation nui, ʻo ia ka hōʻailona puʻuwai.Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona alapine o nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka puʻuwai, ua hoʻohana mākou i kahi kānana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 0.8-Hz a me kahi kānana band-pass 0.8- a i 20-Hz e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka puʻuwai, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma Fig. 5C .I kēia hihia, ua loaʻa i ka manawa like a me ka pololei nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse me ka nui o ka ʻike physiological (e like me ka hanu hanu, ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hawewe pulse) i ka manawa like a pololei ma ke kau ʻana i ka TATSA hoʻokahi ma ka umauma.

(A) Kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka TATSA i kau ʻia ma ka umauma no ke ana ʻana i ka hōʻailona ma ke kaomi e pili ana i ka hanu.(B) ʻO ka ʻāpana manawa-voltage no ka TATSA i kau ʻia ma ka umauma.(C) Decomposition o ka hōʻailona (B) i loko o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a me ke ʻano nalu hanu.(D) Kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ʻelua mau TATSA i kau ʻia ma ka ʻōpū a me ka pulima no ke ana ʻana i ka hanu a me ka pulse, i ka wā hiamoe.(E) Nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka puʻupuʻu o kahi mea komo olakino.HR, ka puʻuwai;BPM, nā kani i kēlā me kēia minuke.(F) Nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse o kahi mea komo SAS.(G) Hōʻailona hanu a me ka PTT o kahi mea komo olakino.(H) Hōʻailona hanu a me ka PTT o kahi mea komo SAS.(I) Ka pilina ma waena o PTT arousal index a apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).Kiʻi kiʻi: Wenjing Fan, Chongqing University.

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i hiki i kā mākou sensor ke nānā pololei a hilinaʻi i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu, ua hana mākou i kahi hoʻokolohua e hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena ana o ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu ma waena o kā mākou TATSA a me kahi mea lapaʻau maʻamau (MHM-6000B), e like me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni S8 a me S9.Ma ke ana o ka nalu pulse, ua hookomoia ka mea ike photoelectric o ka mea lapaau ma ka lima kuhikuhi lima hema o kekahi kaikamahine opio, a i keia manawa, ua komo ko makou TATSA ma kona manamana lima akau.Mai nā ʻano hawewe pulse ʻelua i loaʻa, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he ʻano like ko lākou contours a me nā kikoʻī, e hōʻike ana ʻo ka pulse i ana ʻia e ka TATSA e like me ka pololei e ka mea lapaʻau.Ma ke ana ʻana i ka nalu hanu, ua hoʻopili ʻia ʻelima mau electrocardiographic electrodes i ʻelima mau wahi ma ke kino o ke kanaka ʻōpio e like me ke aʻo ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻokahi wale nō TATSA i nakinaki pono ʻia i ke kino a hoʻopaʻa ʻia a puni ka umauma.Mai nā hōʻailona hanu i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua kūlike ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻailona hanu i ʻike ʻia e kā mākou TATSA me ka mea lapaʻau.Ua hōʻoia kēia mau hoʻokolohua hoʻohālikelike ʻelua i ka pololei, hilinaʻi, a me ka maʻalahi o kā mākou ʻōnaehana sensor no ka nānā ʻana i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu.

Eia kekahi, ua hana mākou i kahi ʻāpana lole akamai a humuhumu i ʻelua TATSA ma ka ʻōpū a me nā kūlana lima no ka nānā ʻana i nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse.ʻO ke kikoʻī, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi WMHMS lua-kanal i kūkulu ʻia e hopu i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu i ka manawa like.Ma o kēia ʻōnaehana, loaʻa iā mākou nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse o kahi kanaka 25 makahiki i ʻaʻahu ʻia i kā mākou lole akamai i ka wā e hiamoe ana (Fig. 5D a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni S10) a noho (fig. S26 a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni S11).Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse i ka APP o ke kelepona paʻa.E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hiki i ka TATSA ke hopu i nā hōʻailona hanu a me ka pulse.ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona physiological ʻelua nō hoʻi nā pae hoʻohālikelike e koho i ka lāʻau lapaʻau SAS.No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kā mākou TATSA e nānā a loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka hiamoe a me nā maʻi moe pili.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 5 (E a ​​me F, kēlā me kēia), ua ana mau mākou i ka pulse a me nā hawewe hanu o nā mea komo ʻelua, kahi mea olakino a me kahi maʻi me SAS.No ke kanaka me ka ʻole o ka apnea, ua paʻa ka helu hanu a me ka pulse i 15 a me 70.No ka mea maʻi me SAS, ua ʻike ʻia kahi apnea kūʻokoʻa no 24 s, kahi hōʻailona o kahi hanana hanu obstructive, a ua hoʻonui iki ka puʻuwai ma hope o ka manawa o ka apnea ma muli o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana nerve (49).I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hiki ke loiloi ʻia ke kūlana hanu e kā mākou TATSA.

No ka loiloi hou ʻana i ke ʻano o ka SAS ma o ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu, ua nānā mākou i ka pulse transit time (PTT), kahi hōʻailona noninvasive e hōʻike ana i nā hoʻololi o ka pale ʻana o nā vascular peripheral a me ke kaomi intrathoracic (i wehewehe ʻia ma ka pauku S1) o ke kanaka olakino a me ka mea maʻi. SAS.No ka mea komo olakino, ua mau ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hanu hanu, a ua paʻa ka PTT mai 180 a 310 ms (Fig. 5G).Eia naʻe, no ka mea komo SAS, hoʻonui mau ka PTT mai 120 a 310 ms i ka wā apnea (Fig. 5H).No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ka mea komo i ka SAS obstructive (OSAS).Inā emi ka hoʻololi o ka PTT i ka wā o ka apnea, a laila e hoʻoholo ʻia ke kūlana ma ke ʻano he central sleep apnea syndrome (CSAS), a inā i loaʻa kēia mau hōʻailona ʻelua i ka manawa like, a laila e ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he SAS hui ʻia (MSAS).No ka loiloi i ka paʻakikī o SAS, ua nānā hou mākou i nā hōʻailona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.ʻO ka helu PTT arousal index, ʻo ia ka helu o nā PTT arousal i kēlā me kēia hola (Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻo PTT arousal e like me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka PTT o ≥15 ms mau loa no ≥3 s), he hana koʻikoʻi i ka loiloi ʻana i ke degere o SAS.ʻO ka helu helu apnea-hypopnea (AHI) kahi maʻamau no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke degere o SAS (ʻo ka apnea ka pau ʻana o ka hanu ʻana, a ʻo ka hypopnea he hanu pāpaʻu loa a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), ʻo ia ka helu o nā apnea a me hypopnea i kēlā me kēia. hola i ka wā e hiamoe ana (hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o ka AHI a me nā pae helu helu no OSAS ma ka pākaukau S2).No ka noiʻi ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka AHI a me ka PTT arousal index, ua koho ʻia nā hōʻailona hanu o nā maʻi 20 me SAS a nānā ʻia me nā TATSA.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 5I, ʻo ka PTT arousal index i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia me ka AHI, no ka mea, ʻo ka apnea a me ka hypopnea i ka wā o ka hiamoe ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ke koko, a hiki i ka emi ʻana o ka PTT.No laila, hiki i kā mākou TATSA ke loaʻa i ka pulse paʻa a pololei a me nā hōʻailona hanu i ka manawa like, no laila e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻike physiological koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular a me SAS no ka nānā ʻana a me ka loiloi o nā maʻi pili.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua kūkulu mākou i kahi TATSA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka stitch cardigan piha e ʻike i nā hōʻailona physiological like ʻole i ka manawa like.Hōʻike kēia mea ʻike i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o 7.84 mV Pa−1, ka manawa pane wikiwiki o 20 ms, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 100,000 mau pōʻaiapuni, a me ka bandwidth pinepine hana.Ma ke kumu o ka TATSA, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi WMHMS e hoʻouna i nā ʻāpana physiological ana i ke kelepona paʻa.Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo TATSA i nā wahi like ʻole o nā lole no ka hoʻolālā nani a hoʻohana ʻia e nānā i ka manawa like i ka pulse a me nā hōʻailona hanu i ka manawa maoli.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana e kōkua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā kānaka olakino a me ka poʻe me CAD a i ʻole SAS ma muli o kona hiki ke hopu i ka ʻike kikoʻī.Hāʻawi kēia haʻawina i kahi ala ʻoluʻolu, kūpono, a me ka mea hoʻohana no ke ana ʻana i ka pulse a me ka hanu kanaka, e hōʻike ana i kahi holomua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea uila uila hiki ke hoʻohana.

Ua hele pinepine ʻia ke kila kila i loko o ka ʻeleʻele a hohola ʻia e hana i kahi fiber me ke anawaena o 10 μm.Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pulupulu kila kila e like me ka electrode i loko o kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā wili Terylene pā hoʻokahi pānaʻi.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hana hana (Stanford DS345) a me kahi amplifier (LabworkPa-13) e hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona puʻe sinusoidal.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea ʻike mana lua-nui (Vernier Software & Technology LLC) e ana i ke kaomi o waho i hoʻopili ʻia i ka TATSA.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi electrometer ʻōnaehana Keithley (Keithley 6514) e nānā a hoʻopaʻa i ka uila puka a me kēia manawa o ka TATSA.

Wahi a ka AATCC Test Method 135-2017, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka TATSA a me ka ballast lawa e like me ka ukana 1.8-kg a laila hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o kahi mīkini laundering kalepa (Labtex LBT-M6T) e hana i nā pōʻai holoi holoi mīkini.A laila, hoʻopiha mākou i ka mīkini holoi me 18 mau galani wai ma 25 ° C a hoʻonohonoho i ka mea holoi no ke kaʻina holoi holoi i koho ʻia (ka wikiwiki hoʻonāukiuki, 119 paʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke; ka manawa holoi, 6 min; ka wikiwiki milo hope, 430 rpm; hope loa. manawa milo, 3 min).ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua kau ʻia ka TATSA ma kahi maloʻo i ka ea mālie ma ka lumi wela ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 26°C.

Ua aʻo ʻia nā kumuhana e moe i kahi kūlana ma luna o kahi moe.Ua kau ʻia ka TATSA ma nā kahua ana.I ka manawa i noho ai nā kumuhana i kahi kūlana maʻamau, mālama lākou i kahi kūlana hoʻomaha loa no 5 a 10 min.A laila hoʻomaka ke ana ʻana o ka hōʻailona pulse.

Loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui no kēia ʻatikala ma https://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/6/11/eaay2840/DC1

Kii S9.ʻO ka hopena hoʻohālikelike o ka puʻunaue ikaika o kahi TATSA ma lalo o nā kaomi i hoʻohana ʻia ma 0.2 kPa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu COMSOL.

Kii S10.Nā hopena hoʻohālikelike o ka puʻunaue ikaika o kahi hui pili ma lalo o nā kaomi i hoʻopili ʻia ma 0.2 a me 2 kPa.

Kii S11.Hoʻopiha i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o ka hoʻoili ʻana o kahi hui hoʻopili ma lalo o nā kūlana pōkole.

Kii S13.ʻO ka uila hoʻokuʻu mau a me ke au o TATSA i ka pane ʻana i ke kaomi mau ʻana o waho i kahi pōʻai ana.

Kii S14.ʻO ka pane Voltage i nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻāpana loop i ka ʻāpana lole hoʻokahi ke mālama ʻole ʻia ka helu loop ma ka ʻaoʻao wale.

Kii S15.He hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā hana hoʻopuka o nā mea ʻike lole ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka humu cardigan piha a me ka humuhumu maʻamau.

Kii S16.Nā ʻāpana e hōʻike ana i nā pane alapine ma ke kaomi ikaika o 1 kPa a me ke alapine hoʻokomo kaomi o 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 18, a me 20 Hz.

Kii S25.ʻO nā puʻupuʻu hoʻopuka o ka mea ʻike i ka wā i noho ai ke kumuhana i ke kūlana paʻa a me ka neʻe.

Kii S26.Kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā TATSA i kau ʻia ma ka ʻōpū a me ka lima lima i ka manawa like no ke ana ʻana i ka hanu a me ka pulse.

He ʻatikala wehe ʻia kēia i hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻōlelo o ka laikini Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial, ka mea e ʻae ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana, a me ka hana hou ʻana ma nā ʻano mea like ʻole, inā ʻaʻole no ka pono ʻoihana ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana a inā pono ka hana kumu. haʻi ʻia.

MANAʻO: Ke noi wale nei mākou i kāu leka uila i ʻike ka mea āu e paipai nei i ka ʻaoʻao ua makemake ʻoe e ʻike lākou, ʻaʻole ia he leka uila.ʻAʻole mākou e hopu i kahi leka uila.

Na Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mea ʻike ʻenehana triboelectric me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻoluʻolu no ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino.

Na Wenjing Fan, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, Zhong Lin Wang

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi mea ʻike ʻenehana triboelectric me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻoluʻolu no ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino.

© 2020 ʻAhahui ʻAmelika no ka holomua o ka ʻepekema.Ua mālama ʻia nā kuleana āpau.He hoa pili ʻo AAAS no HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef a me COUNTER.Science Advances ISSN 2375-2548.