Na-ejikọta teepu akparaghị ókè, imebiga ihe ókè na imechi ụdị, herone na-emepụta otu akụkụ, nke dị elu dị elu dị ka ihe ngosi maka ọtụtụ ngwa.
Ngwakọta gia-driveshaft jikọtara ọnụ.Herone na-eji braided thermoplastic composite prepreg teepu dị ka preforms maka a usoro nke na-eme ka driveshaft laminate na overmolds arụ ọrụ ihe dị ka gia, na-emepụta n'usoro ihe owuwu nke na-ebelata ibu, akụkụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbakọ oge na ọnụ ahịa.Isi mmalite maka foto niile |dike
Atụmatụ dị ugbu a na-achọ ka e jiri okpukpu abụọ nke ụgbọ elu azụmahịa na-azụ ahịa n'ime afọ 20 na-esote.Iji nabata nke a, ọnụego mmepụta na 2019 maka ndị na-ahụ maka jetliners na-akpa ike dịgasị iche site na 10 ruo 14 kwa ọnwa kwa OEM, ebe ndị dị warara agbagorola 60 kwa ọnwa kwa OEM.Airbus na ndị na-ebubata ya na-arụ ọrụ ka ọ gbanwee ọdịnala ma na-agbasi mbọ ike, akụkụ prepreg nke aka na A320 na akụkụ emere site na ngwa ngwa, usoro oge okirikiri nke nkeji 20 dị ka ịkpụzi mbufe resin dị elu (HP-RTM), si otú a na-enyere akụkụ aka. ndị na-eweta ihe na-ezute n'ihu n'ihu ụgbọ elu 100 kwa ọnwa.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, njem ụgbọ elu nke obodo mepere emepe na ahịa ụgbọ njem na-ebu amụma mkpa maka ụgbọ elu eletrik 3,000 kwụ ọtọ na ọdịda (EVTOL) kwa afọ (250 kwa ọnwa).
"Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ chọrọ teknụzụ mmepụta akpaghị aka na oge mkpirisi okirikiri nke na-enye ohere ijikọ ọrụ, nke a na-enye site na thermoplastic composites," Daniel Barfuss, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na onye na-ahụ maka dike nke dike (Dresden, Germany) na-ekwu, teknụzụ mejupụtara na mmepụta akụkụ. ụlọ ọrụ na-eji ihe matrix thermoplastic arụ ọrụ dị elu sitere na polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) ruo polyetherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) na polyaryletherketone (PAEK)."Ebumnobi anyị bụ isi bụ ijikọta arụmọrụ dị elu nke thermoplastic composites (TPCs) na ọnụ ala dị ala, iji mee ka akụkụ ndị ahaziri maka ngwa mmepụta ihe dị iche iche na ngwa ọhụrụ," ka Dr. Christian Garthaus na-agbakwụnye, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ nke abụọ na njikwa herone. onye mmekọ.
Iji mezuo nke a, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ewepụtala ụzọ ọhụrụ, malite na teepu fiber na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na-aga n'ihu, na-akpụgharị teepu ndị a iji mepụta preform oghere "organoTube" ma na-eme ka organoTubes ghọọ profaịlụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na akụkụ dị iche iche.N'ime usoro na-esote, ọ na-eji weldability na thermoformability nke TPCs iji jikọta ihe arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mejupụtara gia n'elu draịva, ihe nkwụnye njedebe na ọkpọkọ, ma ọ bụ ihe na-ebufe ihe n'ime mgbagwoju anya-mkpakọ struts.Barfuss na-agbakwụnye na enwere nhọrọ iji usoro ịkpụzi ngwakọ - nke ketone matrix soplaya Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) na akụkụ soplaya Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, US) - nke na-eji obere agbaze okpomọkụ PAEK teepu maka profaịlụ na PEEK maka mkpụgharị ahụ, na-eme ka ngwakọta agwakọta, otu ihe gafee njikọ (lee "Nfefe na-agbasawanye oke PEEK na ngwakọta").Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Ngbanwe anyị na-enyekwa aka na-ekpochi ụdị geometrical, nke na-emepụta ihe arụkọtara ọnụ nke nwere ike idi ọbụna ibu dị elu."
Usoro heroone na-amalite site na teepu thermoplastic nke carbon fiber gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu bụ nke a na-akpachi anya n'ime organoTubes ma jikọta ya."Anyị malitere ịrụ ọrụ na organoTubes ndị a afọ 10 gara aga, na-emepụta ọkpọkọ hydraulic mejupụtara maka ụgbọ elu," Garthaus na-ekwu.Ọ na-akọwa na n'ihi na ọ dịghị ụgbọ elu abụọ hydraulic pipes nwere otu geometry, a ga-achọ ka a ebu maka nke ọ bụla, na-eji nkà na ụzụ dị ugbu a."Anyị chọrọ ọkpọkọ nke enwere ike ịhazi ya iji nweta geometry ọkpọkọ nke ọ bụla.Yabụ, echiche ahụ bụ ime profaịlụ ihe mejupụtara na-aga n'ihu wee tụgharịa CNC ndị a n'ime geometry achọrọ. ”
Fig. 2 teepu prepreg braided na-enye preforms net-ụdị preforms a na-akpọ organoTubes maka usoro ịgba ogwu nke heroone ma mee ka imepụta ụdị dị iche iche.
Nke a na-ada ka ihe Sigma Precision Components (Hinckley, UK) na-eme (lee "Iji na-edozi aeroengines nwere ọkpọkọ composite") na mgbakwasa carbon fiber/PEEK engine."Ha na-elele akụkụ ndị yiri ya mana ha na-eji usoro nkwado dị iche," Garthaus na-akọwa."Site na usoro anyị, anyị na-ahụ ike maka ịrụ ọrụ dị elu, dịka ihe na-erughị 2% porosity maka ihe owuwu ikuku."
Garthaus' Ph.D.Thesis na-arụ ọrụ na ILK nyochara site na iji thermoplastic composite (TPC) pultrusion na-aga n'ihu iji mepụta tubes braided, nke butere usoro nrụpụta ihe na-aga n'ihu maka tubes TPC na profaịlụ.Agbanyeghị, maka ugbu a, herone ahọrọla ka ya na ndị na-eweta ụgbọ elu na ndị ahịa na-arụ ọrụ site na iji usoro ịkpụzi na-akwụsị.Ọ na-akọwa, "Nke a na-enye anyị nnwere onwe ime ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere profaịlụ gbagọrọ agbagọ na ndị nwere akụkụ dị iche iche, yana itinye patches mpaghara na nkwụsịtụ," ka ọ na-akọwa."Anyị na-arụ ọrụ iji megharịa usoro maka ijikọ patches mpaghara wee jikọta ha na profaịlụ mejupụtara.N'ụzọ bụ isi, ihe niile ị nwere ike iji laminates na shells dị larịị, anyị nwere ike ime tubes na profaịlụ.
Ime profaịlụ TPC ndị a nwere oghere bụ otu n'ime ihe ịma aka kacha sie ike, Garthaus kwuru.Ị nweghị ike iji eriri silicone na-akpụ ma ọ bụ ịkpụzi stampụ;ya mere, anyị ga-emepụta usoro ọhụrụ."Mana usoro a na-enyere aka ịrụ ọrụ dị elu na nke a na-ahazi tube na akụkụ ndị dabere na shaft, o kwuru.O nyere aka site na iji ngwakọ ịkpụzi Victrex mepụtara, ebe PAEK gbazere ala gbazere na PEEK, na-eme ka organosheet na ịkpụzi injection n'otu nzọụkwụ.
Akụkụ ọzọ pụtara ìhè nke iji organoTube braided teepu preform bụ na ha na-emepụta ntakịrị ihe mkpofu."Site na braiding, anyị nwere ihe na-erughị 2% n'efu, na n'ihi na ọ bụ teepu TPC, anyị nwere ike iji obere ihe mkpofu azụ azụ na overmolding iji nweta ọnụọgụ ihe eji eme ihe ruo 100%," Garthaus na-ekwusi ike.
Barfuss na Garthaus malitere ọrụ mmepe ha dị ka ndị nchọpụta na Institute of Lightweight Engineering na Polymer Technology (ILK) na TU Dresden.Barfuss na-ekwu, sị: “Nke a bụ otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ kacha ukwuu na Europe maka ihe ndị mejupụtara na ụdị ngwakọ dị arọ.Ya na Garthaus rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 10 na ọtụtụ mmepe, gụnyere TPC pultrusion na-aga n'ihu na ụdị dị iche iche nke ịbanye.Emechara tinye ọrụ ahụ n'ime ihe bụ ugbu a dike usoro teknụzụ TPC.
"Anyị tinyeziri akwụkwọ na mmemme German EXIST, bụ nke ezubere ịnyefe teknụzụ dị otú ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ na ego ọrụ 40-60 kwa afọ n'ọtụtụ ebe nyocha," ka Barfuss na-ekwu."Anyị nwetara ego maka akụrụngwa ego, ndị ọrụ anọ na itinye ego maka nzọụkwụ ọzọ nke mmụba."Ha guzobere dike na Mee 2018 mgbe ha gosipụtara na JEC World.
Site na JEC World 2019, dike ewepụtala akụkụ ngosi dị iche iche, gụnyere ihe dị fechaa, nke dị elu, draịva gia agbakwunyere, ma ọ bụ gearshaft.Barfuss na-akọwa, "Anyị na-eji carbon fiber/PAEK teepu organoTube braided n'akụkụ akụkụ chọrọ ma mee ka nke ahụ bụrụ tube," Barfuss na-akọwa."Anyị na-ekpocha tube ahụ na 200ºC ma jiri ngwa rụọ ya site n'itinye obere carbon fiber na-eme ka PEEK dị mkpụmkpụ na 380ºC."Ejiri Moldflow Insight sitere na Autodesk (San Rafael, Calif., US).Emebere oge ndochi ebu ka ọ bụrụ 40.5 sekọnd wee nweta igwe eji akpụ akpụ akpụ Arburg (Lossburg, Germany) ALLROUNDER.
Nke a na-akpụ akpụ ọ bụghị nanị na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mgbakọ, usoro mmepụta na ngwa ngwa, kamakwa ọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo elu.Ọdịiche nke 40ºC n'etiti mgbaze okpomọkụ nke ogwe PAEK na nke PEEK kpụkọrọ akpụkọ na-eme ka njikọta gbazee n'etiti ha abụọ na ọkwa molekul.Ụdị usoro njikọ nke abụọ, ụdị-mkpọchi, na-enweta site n'iji nrụgide injection na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ n'otu oge ahụ n'oge a na-emebiga ihe ókè iji mepụta contour-mkpọchi.Enwere ike ịhụ nke a na Fig 1 dị n'okpuru ebe a dị ka "ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi".Ọ na-emepụta gburugburu corrugated ma ọ bụ sinusoidal gburugburu ebe a na-ejikọta gia na akụkụ okirikiri dị larịị, nke na-ebute ụdị mkpuchi geometrically.Nke a na-eme ka ike nke gearshaft agbakwunyere dịkwuo elu, dịka egosiri na nnwale (lee eserese dị na ala aka nri) Fig.1. Mepụtara na mmekorita ya na Victrex na ILK, herone na-eji nrụgide injection n'oge overmolding iji mepụta contour na-ekpochi ụdị n'ime ihe eji eme ihe (n'elu). Kwado torque dị elu vs. gia-driveshaft karịrị akpụ nke na-enweghị mkpọchi ụdị (okirikiri ojii na eserese).
Garthaus na-ekwu, "Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-enweta njikọkọ ọnụ n'oge imebiga ihe ókè, na ndị ọzọ na-eji ụdị mkpọchi eme ihe na ihe mejupụtara, mana isi ihe bụ ijikọta ha abụọ n'otu usoro akpaaka."Ọ na-akọwa na maka nsonaazụ ule na Fig. 1, ma ogwe aka na gburugburu gburugburu nke ngwa ahụ ka a na-ejikọta ya iche, wee gbanwee iji mee ka ịkwanye shear.Ọdịda mbụ dị na eserese ahụ bụ okirikiri ka akara ya bụ maka ngwa PEEK karịrị akpụ na-enweghị mkpọchi ụdị.Ọdịda nke abụọ bụ okirikiri gbara mkpọnwụ nke yiri kpakpando, na-egosi nnwale nke gia karịrị akpụ nwere mkpọchi ụdị.Garthaus na-ekwu, "N'okwu a, ị nwere njikọkọ ọnụ na nke akpọchiri akpọchi, ma ị ga-enweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmụba 44% na ibu torque."Ihe ịma aka ugbu a, ọ na-ekwu, bụ ịnweta ụdị-mkpọchi iji buru ibu n'oge mbụ iji mee ka ọ dịkwuo elu nke gearshaft a ga-edozi tupu ọdịda.
Otu ihe dị mkpa gbasara mkpọchi contour form nke heroone na-enweta ya na ntụtụ ya bụ na a na-ahazi ya kpamkpam na akụkụ nke ọ bụla na ntinye nke akụkụ ahụ ga-eguzobe.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na gearshaft, ụdị-mkpọchi bụ gburugburu, ma na esemokwu-mkpakọ struts n'okpuru, ọ bụ axial.Garthaus kwuru, sị: “Nke a mere ihe anyị ji zụlite bụ ụzọ ka ukwuu."Otu anyị si ejikọta ọrụ na akụkụ na-adabere na ngwa nke onye ọ bụla, mana ka anyị nwere ike ime nke a, ka ibu na ọnụ ahịa anyị nwere ike ịchekwa."
Ọzọkwa, ketone mesiri ike dị mkpụmkpụ nke ejiri na ihe arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ dị ka ngwo na-enye ebe akwa akwa.Victrex egosila nke a na n'ezie, na-ere ahịa eziokwu a maka ihe PEEK na PAEK ya.
Barfuss rụtụrụ aka na agbakwunyere gearshaft, nke enwetara ya na 2019 JEC World Innovation Award na ngalaba ikuku, bụ “gosipụta ụzọ anyị si aga, ọ bụghị naanị usoro lekwasịrị anya n'otu ngwa.Anyị chọrọ ịchọpụta etu anyị nwere ike isi mee ka nrụpụta ahụ dịkwuo mma ma jiri akụrụngwa nke TPC rụpụta arụrụ arụ, arụkwaghị ọrụ.Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emeziwanye mkpara mkpakọ-mmetụta, na-eji ngwa dị ka struts.
Fig. 3 Tension-mkpakọ strutsInjection-akpụ na-agbatị struts, ebe herone overmold a metal ibu nyefe element n'ime akụkụ Ọdịdị na-eji axial ụdị-mkpọchi na-amụba njikọ ike.
Ihe na-arụ ọrụ maka mgbakasị ahụ-mkpakọ struts bụ akụkụ ihu igwe na-ebufe ibu gaa na site na ndụdụ ígwè gaa na tube mejupụtara (lee ihe atụ n'okpuru).A na-eji injection-akpụ iji jikọta ihe mmeghe ibu dara dara n'ime ahụ strut mejupụtara.
"Ihe bụ isi uru anyị na-enye bụ ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ," ka o kwuru."Nke a na-eme ka ike ọgwụgwụ dị mfe, nke bụ nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka ngwa ụgbọ elu.A na-ejirị ụdị mkpuchi mkpuchi na thermoset composites na plastik ma ọ bụ ntinye ígwè, ma ọ dịghị ihe jikọrọ ọnụ, n'ihi ya ị nwere ike nweta ntakịrị mmegharị n'etiti akụkụ ahụ.Otú ọ dị, usoro anyị na-enye usoro jikọtara ọnụ na-enweghị mmegharị dị otú ahụ. "
Garthaus zoro aka na nnabata mmebi dị ka ihe ịma aka ọzọ maka akụkụ ndị a."Ị ga-emetụta struts wee mee ule ike ọgwụgwụ," ka ọ na-akọwa."N'ihi na anyị na-eji ihe matrix thermoplastic na-arụ ọrụ dị elu, anyị nwere ike nweta ihe ruru 40% nkwụsị mmebi dị elu na thermosets, yana microcracks ọ bụla sitere na mmetụta na-eto eto na-ebelata site na ike ọgwụgwụ."
Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ngosi ngosi na-egosi ntinye ígwè, herone na-emepụta ihe ngwọta nke thermoplastic ugbu a, na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ihe mgbagwoju anya na ihe mmeghe ibu.Garthaus na-ekwu, "Mgbe anyị nwere ike, anyị na-ahọrọ ịnọgide na-enwe ihe niile na-emeziwanye ihe site n'ịgbanwe ụdị nkwado fiber, gụnyere carbon, iko, na-aga n'ihu na obere eriri.""N'ụzọ dị otú a, anyị na-ebelata mgbagwoju anya na interface okwu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị nwere nsogbu dị ntakịrị ma e jiri ya tụnyere ijikọta thermosets na thermoplastics. "Na mgbakwunye, njikọ dị n'etiti PAEK na PEEK bụ Tri-Mack nwalere nsonaazụ na-egosi na ọ nwere 85% nke ike nke isi unidirectional CF/PAEK laminate na ọ siri ike okpukpu abụọ karịa njikọ nrapado site na iji nrapado ihe nkiri epoxy ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ.
Barfuss kwuru na dike nwere ndị ọrụ itoolu ugbu a ma na-agbanwe site na onye na-ebubata mmepe teknụzụ gaa na-ebubata akụkụ ụgbọ elu.Nnukwu nzọụkwụ ya na-esote bụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na Dresden."Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2020, anyị ga-enwe ụlọ ọrụ na-anya ụgbọelu na-emepụta akụkụ mbụ," ka ọ na-ekwu."Anyị na-arụ ọrụ na OEM ụgbọ elu na ndị na-ebubata Tier 1, na-egosipụta atụmatụ maka ọtụtụ ụdị ngwa dị iche iche."
Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ndị na-ebubata eVTOL na ọtụtụ ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ na US Ka dike na-eto ngwa ngwa ụgbọ elu, ọ na-enwetakwa ahụmahụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa ngwa egwuregwu gụnyere ụsụ na ihe igwe igwe."Nkà na ụzụ anyị nwere ike ịmepụta akụkụ dịgasị iche iche nke mgbagwoju anya na arụmọrụ, oge okirikiri na uru ego," ka Garthaus na-ekwu."Oge okirikiri anyị na-eji PEEK bụ nkeji 20, karịa nkeji 240 site na iji prepreg gwọrọ autoclave.Anyị na-ahụ ohere dị ukwuu, mana maka ugbu a, anyị na-elekwasị anya n'inweta ngwa mbụ anyị na mmepụta na igosipụta uru akụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ na ahịa. "
Herone ga-egosikwa na Carbon Fiber 2019. Mụtakwuo maka mmemme na carbonfiberevent.com.
Gbadoro anya n'ịkwalite nhazi aka ọdịnala, ndị na-emepụta nacelle na thrust reverser na-eleba anya na ojiji nke akpaaka na ịkpụzi mechiri emechi.
Usoro ngwa agha ụgbọ elu na-enweta nnukwu arụmọrụ nke carbon / epoxy na arụmọrụ nke mkpakọ ịkpụzi.
Ụzọ maka ịgbakọ mmetụta ihe ndị mejupụtara nwere na gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme ka data na-atụnyere ihe ọdịnala n'ọgba egwuregwu.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-19-2019