Ndi zinthu ziti zachinsinsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lachi Dutch likhale labwino kwambiri pankhani yoyendetsa zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso?
Ndi zinthu ziti zachinsinsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lachi Dutch likhale labwino kwambiri pankhani yoyendetsa zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso?Ndipo makampani omwe akutsogolera ndi ndani?WMW ikuwona ...
Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala zapamwamba kwambiri, dziko la Netherlands limatha kukonzanso zosachepera 64% ya zinyalala zake - ndipo zotsalazo zimatenthedwa kuti apange magetsi.Zotsatira zake, ndi ochepa okha omwe amathera kutayira.Pankhani yobwezeretsanso ili ndi dziko lomwe ndi lapadera.
Njira yachi Dutch ndi yosavuta: pewani kuwononga zinyalala momwe mungathere, bweretsani zopangira zamtengo wapatali kuchokera kwa izo, perekani mphamvu mwa kuwotcha zinyalala zotsalira, ndipo pokhapo mutaya zomwe zatsala - koma zichitani m'njira yosamalira chilengedwe.Njira imeneyi - yomwe imadziwika kuti 'Lansink's Ladder' pambuyo pa phungu wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Dutch yemwe anaipanga - inaphatikizidwa mu malamulo a Chidatchi mu 1994 ndipo imapanga maziko a 'utsogoleri wa zinyalala' mu European Waste Framework Directive.
Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku TNT Post adawonetsa kuti kulekanitsa zinyalala ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya chilengedwe pakati pa anthu achi Dutch.Anthu opitilira 90% aku Dutch amalekanitsa zinyalala zapakhomo.Synovate/Interview NSS inafunsa ogula oposa 500 za chidziwitso chawo cha chilengedwe mu kafukufuku wa TNT Post.Kuthimitsa mpopi mukutsuka mano kunali njira yachiwiri yotchuka kwambiri (80% ya omwe adafunsidwa) kenako ndikutsitsa thermostat pansi 'digiri kapena awiri' (75%).Kuyika zosefera za kaboni m'magalimoto ndikugula zinthu zachilengedwe zidachitika pamodzi pansi pamndandanda.
Kusowa kwa malo komanso kuzindikira kwachilengedwe komwe kukukulirakulira kunakakamiza boma la Dutch kuti lichitepo kanthu mwachangu kuti lichepetse kutayirako zinyalala.Izi zinapatsanso makampani kukhala ndi chidaliro chokhazikitsa njira zothanirana ndi chilengedwe.'Titha kuthandiza mayiko omwe tsopano akuyamba kupanga ndalama zamtunduwu kuti apewe zolakwika zomwe tinapanga,' akutero Dick Hoogendoorn, mkulu wa Dutch Waste Management Association (DWMA).
DTMA imalimbikitsa zofuna za makampani ena a 50 omwe akugwira nawo ntchito yotolera, kukonzanso, kukonza, kupanga kompositi, kutentha ndi kutaya zinyalala.Mamembala a bungweli amachokera kumakampani ang'onoang'ono, omwe amagwira ntchito m'madera mpaka makampani akuluakulu omwe amagwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.Hoogendoorn amadziwa zonse zothandiza komanso mfundo za kayendetsedwe ka zinyalala, atagwira ntchito ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo, Kukonza Malo ndi Zachilengedwe, komanso ngati director wa kampani yopanga zinyalala.
Dziko la Netherlands lili ndi njira yapadera yoyendetsera zinyalala.Makampani aku Dutch ali ndi ukadaulo wopeza zochuluka kuchokera ku zinyalala zawo mwanzeru komanso mokhazikika.Kulingalira zamtsogolo kwa kasamalidwe ka zinyalala kudayamba m’ma 1980 pamene kuzindikira kufunika kwa njira zina m’malo motayiramo zinyalala kunayamba kukula kale kuposa m’maiko ena.Panali kusowa kwa malo osungiramo zinthu komanso chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha chilengedwe pakati pa anthu onse.
Zotsutsa zambiri za malo otaya zinyalala - fungo, kuwononga nthaka, kuipitsidwa ndi madzi apansi panthaka - zidapangitsa Nyumba yamalamulo yaku Dutch kuti ipereke chigamulo chokhazikitsa njira yokhazikika yoyendetsera zinyalala.
Palibe amene angapange msika wopangira zinyalala mwa kungodziwitsa anthu.Chomwe chinatsimikizira kuti chinali chisankho ku Netherlands, Hoogendoorn akuti, anali malamulo omwe boma linakhazikitsa monga 'Lansink's Ladder'.Kwa zaka zambiri, zolinga zobwezeretsanso zidayikidwa m'malo otaya zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, monga zinyalala zachilengedwe, zinyalala zowopsa, zomanga ndi zogwetsa.Kubweretsa msonkho pa tani iliyonse yazinthu zotayidwa kunali kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kunapatsa makampani opanga zinyalala chilimbikitso kuti ayang'ane njira zina - monga kuwotcha ndi kubwezeretsanso - chifukwa tsopano anali okongola kwambiri pazachuma.
'Msika wa zinyalala ndiwongopanga kwambiri,' akutero Hoogendoorn.'Popanda dongosolo la malamulo ndi malamulo a zinyalala yankho likanakhala malo otaya zinyalala kunja kwa tauni kumene zinyalala zonse zimapitako.Chifukwa njira zowongolera zowongolera zidakhazikitsidwa kale ku Netherlands panali mwayi kwa omwe adachita zambiri kuposa kungoyendetsa magalimoto awo kupita kumalo otayira komweko.Makampani opanga zinyalala amafunikira chiyembekezo kuti apange ntchito zopindulitsa, ndipo zinyalala zimayenda ngati madzi kupita kumunsi - mwachitsanzo, malo otsika mtengo.Komabe, ndi zovomerezeka ndi zoletsedwa komanso misonkho, mutha kukakamiza kuwongolera zinyalala.Msika udzachita ntchito yake, kupereka ndondomeko yokhazikika komanso yodalirika.'Zinyalala zotayira malo ku Netherlands pano zimawononga pafupifupi € 35 pa tani, kuphatikiza € 87 pamisonkho ngati zinyalalazo zitha kuyaka, zomwe ndizokwera mtengo kuposa kuziwotcha.'Kuwotcha mwadzidzidzi ndi njira ina yabwino,' akutero Hoogendoorn.'Ngati simupereka chiyembekezo chimenecho kwa kampani yomwe imawotcha zinyalala, iwo amati, "Kodi, mukuganiza kuti ndine wamisala?"Koma akaona kuti boma likuyika ndalama zawo pakamwa pawo, adzati, "Ndikhoza kumanga ng'anjo ya ndalama zimenezo."Boma limakhazikitsa magawo, timadzaza mwatsatanetsatane.'
Hoogendoorn akudziwa kuchokera pazomwe adakumana nazo pantchitoyi, ndikuzimva kuchokera kwa mamembala ake, kuti makampani aku Dutch ochotsa zinyalala nthawi zambiri amayandikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza zinyalala padziko lonse lapansi.Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndondomeko ya boma ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri.'Makampani sanganene "inde" monga choncho,' akutero.'Ayenera kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chopeza phindu pakapita nthawi, kotero nthawi zonse adzafuna kudziwa ngati opanga ndondomeko akudziwa mokwanira kuti dongosololi liyenera kusintha, komanso ngati ali okonzeka kumasulira chidziwitso chimenecho kukhala malamulo, malamulo ndi ndalama. miyeso.'Ndondomekoyi ikakhazikika, makampani aku Dutch akhoza kulowererapo.
Komabe, Hoogendoorn amavutika kufotokoza ndendende zomwe zili ndi luso la kampani.'Muyenera kusonkhanitsa zinyalalazo - sichinthu chomwe mungachite ngati ntchito yowonjezera.Chifukwa takhala tikugwiritsa ntchito makina athu ku Netherlands kwa nthawi yayitali, titha kuthandiza mayiko omwe akuyamba.'
'Simumangochoka kuchoka kumalo osungiramo nthaka kupita kukonzanso.Sichinthu chokhacho chomwe chingakonzedwe kuchokera tsiku limodzi kupita kwina pogula magalimoto 14 atsopano.Pochitapo kanthu kuti muwonjezere kulekanitsa pa gwero mungathe kuonetsetsa kuti zinyalala zochepa zimapita kumalo otaya zinyalala.Ndiye muyenera kudziwa zomwe mukuchita ndi zinthuzo.Ngati musonkhanitsa galasi, muyenera kupeza malo opangira magalasi.Ku Netherlands, taphunzira movutikira momwe kulili kofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti unyolo wonse wazinthu ulibe mpweya.Tinakumana ndi vuto zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi pulasitiki: chiwerengero chochepa cha ma municipalities chinasonkhanitsa pulasitiki, koma panalibe unyolo wotsatira wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake panthawiyo kuti akonze zomwe anasonkhanitsa.'
Maboma akunja ndi mabungwe aboma ndi wamba amatha kugwira ntchito ndi makampani alangizi aku Dutch kuti akhazikitse dongosolo labwino.Makampani monga Royal Haskoning, Tebodin, Grontmij ndi DHV amatumiza chidziwitso ndi ukadaulo wachi Dutch padziko lonse lapansi.Monga momwe Hoogendoorn akufotokozera: 'Amathandiza kupanga ndondomeko yonse yomwe ikuwonetseratu momwe zinthu zilili panopa, komanso momwe mungawonjezere pang'onopang'ono kubwezeretsanso ndikuyendetsa zinyalala ndikuchotsa zotayira zotseguka ndi njira zosakwanira zosonkhanitsira.'
Makampaniwa ndi aluso pakuwunika zomwe zili zenizeni komanso zomwe sizowona.'Zonsezi ndizopanga ziyembekezo, kotero choyamba muyenera kumanga malo angapo otayika omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu ndipo pang'onopang'ono mutenge njira zomwe zimathandiza kulimbikitsa kubwezeretsanso.'
Makampani aku Dutch akuyenera kupitabe kunja kukagula zotenthetsera, koma malamulo aku Netherlands apangitsa kuti pakhale makampani opanga zinthu molingana ndi njira monga kusanja ndi kompositi.Makampani monga Gicom en Orgaworld amagulitsa tunnel za kompositi ndi zowumitsira zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe Bollegraaf ndi Bakker Magnetics ndi omwe akutsogolera makampani osankha.
Monga momwe Hoogendoorn akunenera moyenerera: 'Maganizo olimba mtimawa alipo chifukwa boma limatenga mbali ya chiopsezo popereka chithandizo.'
VAR Kampani yobwezeretsanso zinyalala VAR ndiyotsogola paukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zinyalala.Mtsogoleri Hannet de Vries akuti kampaniyo ikukula mofulumira kwambiri.Powonjezera apo ndi organic zinyalala nayonso mphamvu unsembe, amene amapanga magetsi zinyalala zochokera masamba.Kukhazikitsa kwatsopano kumawononga € 11 miliyoni.'Inali ndalama zazikulu kwa ife,' akutero De Vries.'Koma tikufuna kukhalabe patsogolo pazatsopano.'
Tsambali silinali kanthu koma malo otayirapo anthu a mzinda wa Voorst.Zinyalalazo zinatayidwa apa ndipo mapiri anayamba kupanga pang’onopang’ono.Panali chophwanyira pamalopo, koma palibe china.Mu 1983 masepala adagulitsa malowo, motero adapanga imodzi mwamalo oyamba otayira zinyalala omwe anali ndi chinsinsi.M'zaka zotsatira VAR idakula pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pamalo otaya zinyalala kukhala kampani yobwezeretsanso zinyalala, molimbikitsidwa ndi malamulo atsopano omwe amaletsa kutaya zinyalala zamitundumitundu."Panali mgwirizano wolimbikitsa pakati pa boma la Dutch ndi makampani opangira zinyalala," akutero Gert Klein, Woyang'anira Malonda ndi PR wa VAR.'Tinatha kuchita zambiri ndipo lamulo lidasinthidwa moyenerera.Tinapitiliza kupanga kampani nthawi yomweyo.'Ndi mapiri okulirapo okha omwe atsala monga chikumbutso choti pamalopo panali malo otayirapo.
VAR tsopano ndi kampani yobwezeretsanso ntchito zonse yokhala ndi magawo asanu: mchere, kusanja, biogenic, mphamvu ndi engineering.Kapangidwe kameneka kamachokera ku mtundu wa ntchito (kusanja), zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (mchere, biogenic) ndi mapeto (mphamvu).Pomaliza, zonse zimatsikira ku chinthu chimodzi, akutero De Vries.'Timapeza pafupifupi zinyalala zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimabwera kuno, kuphatikiza zinyalala zosakanikirana ndi kugwetsa, zotsalira, zitsulo ndi dothi loipitsidwa, ndipo pafupifupi zonse zimagulitsidwanso pambuyo pokonza - monga pulasitiki ya granulate yamakampani, kompositi yapamwamba, dothi loyera, ndi mphamvu, kungotchula zitsanzo zochepa chabe.'
'Ziribe kanthu zomwe kasitomala amabweretsa,' akutero a De Vries, 'timazikonza, kuziyeretsa ndi kukonza zotsalirazo kukhala zinthu zatsopano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga midadada ya konkire, dothi loyera, manyowa, manyowa a zomera zophika: zotheka sizitha. '
Gasi woyaka wa methane amatengedwa pamalo a VAR ndipo nthumwi zakunja - monga gulu laposachedwa lochokera ku South Africa - zimayendera VAR pafupipafupi.'Iwo anali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kuchotsa gasi,' akutero De Vries.'Dongosolo la mapaipi m'mapiri pamapeto pake limatengera gasi ku jenereta yomwe imasintha gasi kukhala magetsi kwa mabanja okwana 1400.'Posachedwapa, kuyika kosalekeza kwa zinyalala komwe kumapangidwabe kudzapanganso magetsi, koma kuchokera ku biomass m'malo mwake.Matani a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga masamba tidzasowa mpweya wokwanira kupanga mpweya wa methane womwe majenereta amausintha kukhala magetsi.Kukhazikitsako ndikwapadera ndipo kudzathandiza VAR kukwaniritsa chikhumbo chake chokhala kampani yopanda mphamvu pofika chaka cha 2009.
Nthumwi zomwe zimayendera VAR zimadza makamaka pazinthu ziwiri, akutero Gert Klein.'Alendo ochokera m'mayiko omwe ali ndi makina obwezeretsanso ali ndi chidwi ndi njira zathu zamakono zolekanitsira.Nthumwi zochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene zili ndi chidwi kwambiri kuona chitsanzo chathu cha bizinesi - malo omwe mitundu yonse ya zinyalala imabwera - kuchokera pafupi.Kenako amakhala ndi chidwi ndi malo otayira zinyalala okhala ndi zotchingira zosindikizidwa bwino pamwamba ndi pansi, ndi makina omvera otulutsa mpweya wa methane.Amenewo ndiye maziko, ndipo inu pitirirani kuchokera kumeneko.
Bammens Ku Netherlands, tsopano ndizosatheka kulingalira malo opanda zinyalala zapansi panthaka, makamaka pakati pa mizinda momwe zotengera zambiri zomwe zili pamwamba pa nthaka zasinthidwa ndi mabokosi opyapyala momwe nzika zosamala zachilengedwe zimatha kuyikamo mapepala, magalasi, zotengera zapulasitiki, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) mabotolo.
Bammens apanga makontena apansi pansi kuyambira 1995. "Kuphatikizanso kukongola kokongola, zotayira zapansi panthaka zilinso zaukhondo chifukwa makoswe sangathe kulowamo," akutero Rens Dekkers, yemwe amagwira ntchito zotsatsa ndi zolumikizirana.Dongosololi limagwira ntchito bwino chifukwa chotengera chilichonse chimatha kusunga zinyalala zofikira 5m3, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kutsanulidwa pafupipafupi.
Mbadwo watsopanowu uli ndi zida zamagetsi."Wogwiritsa ntchito amapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chiphasocho ndipo amatha kukhomeredwa msonkho kutengera momwe amathira zinyalala mumtsuko," akutero a Dekkers.Bammens amatumiza makina apansi panthaka akafunsidwa ngati zida zosavuta kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi mayiko onse a European Union.
SitaAliyense amene amagula chojambulira cha DVD kapena TV yowoneka bwino amalandiranso kuchuluka kwa Styrofoam, zomwe ndizofunikira kuteteza zida.Styrofoam (yowonjezera polystyrene kapena EPS), yokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wotsekeka, imakhalanso ndi zida zabwino zotetezera, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.Ku Netherlands matani 11,500 (matani 10,432) a EPS amapezeka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchitonso chaka chilichonse.Sita wothira zinyalala amatolera EPS kuchokera kumakampani omanga, komanso kuchokera kumagetsi, zinthu zoyera ndi magawo a bulauni.'Timaziphwanya m'zidutswa zing'onozing'ono ndikusakaniza pamodzi ndi Styrofoam yatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 100% ikhale yobwezeretsanso popanda kutaya khalidwe,' akutero Vincent Mooij wochokera ku Sita.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwina kwatsopano kumaphatikizapo kulumikiza EPS yachiwiri ndikuyipanga kukhala 'Geo-Blocks'.'Iwo ndi mbale zazikulu zofikira mamita asanu ndi mita imodzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko amisewu m'malo mwa mchenga,' akutero Mooij.Njirayi ndi yabwino kwa chilengedwe komanso kuyenda.Ma mbale a Geo-Block amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena, koma Netherlands ndi dziko lokhalo limene Styrofoam yakale imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira.
NihotNihot imapanga makina osankhira zinyalala omwe amatha kulekanitsa zinyalala zolondola kwambiri pakati pa 95% ndi 98%.Mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu, kuchokera ku magalasi ndi zidutswa za zinyalala mpaka zoumba, zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kake ndipo mafunde oyendetsedwa ndi mpweya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwalekanitsa amachititsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kukhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tamtundu womwewo.Nihot amamanga mayunitsi akulu, osasunthika, komanso ang'onoang'ono, osunthika monga ma SDS 500 atsopano ndi olekanitsa ng'oma imodzi 650.Kusavuta kwa mayunitsiwa kumawapangitsa kukhala abwino kugwirira ntchito pamalopo, monga pakugwetsa nyumba, chifukwa zinyalala zimatha kusanjidwa pamalopo m'malo mozitengera kumalo opangira.
Maboma a Vista-Online, kuchokera kudziko lonse kupita kumalo, amaika zofunikira pamikhalidwe ya malo a anthu pachilichonse kuyambira zinyalala ndi madzi otayirira mpaka madzi oundana m'misewu.Kampani yaku Dutch Vista-Online imapereka zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zachangu kuyang'ana kutsatiridwa ndi izi.Oyang'anira amapatsidwa foni yanzeru kuti afotokoze momwe malowa alili munthawi yeniyeni.Deta imatumizidwa ku seva ndipo idzawonekera mwamsanga pa webusaiti ya Vista-Online yomwe kasitomala amapatsidwa code yapadera yofikira.Detayo imapezeka nthawi yomweyo ndikukonzedwa momveka bwino, ndipo kuphatikizika kwanthawi yayitali kwa zowunikira sikukufunikanso.Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'ana pa intaneti kumapewa kuwononga ndalama komanso nthawi yofunikira kukhazikitsa ICT.Vista-Online imagwira ntchito kwa akuluakulu aku Netherlands ndi mayiko ena, kuphatikiza Manchester Airport Authority ku UK.
BollegraafPre-kusanja zinyalala zikumveka ngati lingaliro labwino, koma kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe owonjezera kungakhale kokulirapo.Kukwera kwamitengo yamafuta ndi misewu yodzaza ndi anthu kumatsindika kuipa kwa dongosolo limenelo.Choncho Bollegraaf adayambitsa njira yothetsera vutoli ku US, komanso posachedwapa ku Ulaya: kusanja kwamtundu umodzi.Zinyalala zonse zowuma - mapepala, magalasi, malata, mapulasitiki ndi paketi ya tetra - zitha kuikidwa m'malo osankhira mtsinje umodzi wa Bollegraaf palimodzi.Zoposa 95% za zinyalala zimasiyanitsidwa zokha pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wosiyanasiyana.Kuphatikizira matekinoloje omwe alipo mu malo amodzi ndizomwe zimapangitsa gawo losankhira mtsinje umodzi kukhala lapadera.Chigawochi chimakhala ndi mphamvu yokwana matani 40 (matani 36.3) pa ola limodzi.Atafunsidwa momwe Bollegraaf adapangira lingaliroli, wotsogolera komanso mwiniwake Heiman Bollegraaf akuti: 'Tinachitapo kanthu pakufunika pamsika.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tapereka magawo 50 osankhidwa amtundu umodzi ku US, ndipo posachedwapa tapanga masewero athu a ku Ulaya, ku England.Tasainanso mapangano ndi makasitomala ku France ndi Australia.'
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-29-2019