M'zaka zikubwerazi, PET ndi ma polyolefin okonzedwanso adzayenera kupitiliza kupikisana ndi mapulasitiki osatsika mtengo.Koma misika yazachuma idzakhudzidwanso ndi mfundo zosatsimikizika za boma komanso zisankho za eni ake.
Izi zinali zingapo zotengedwa kuchokera ku gulu lamisika lapachaka pa msonkhano wa 2019 Plastics Recycling Conference and Trade Show, womwe unachitikira mu Marichi ku National Harbor, Md. Pamsonkhanowu, Joel Morales ndi Tison Keel, onse amakampani ophatikizika amalangizi a IHS Markit, adakambirana. mayendedwe amsika a mapulasitiki omwe adakhalapo ndikulongosola momwe zinthuzo zidzakakamizire kubweza mitengo yazinthu.
Pokambirana zamisika ya PET, Keel adagwiritsa ntchito chithunzithunzi cha zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasinthika kuti apange mkuntho wabwino.
"Unali msika wa ogulitsa mu 2018 pazifukwa zingapo zomwe titha kukambirana, koma tabwereranso pamsika wa ogula," Keel adauza gululo.Koma funso lomwe ndikudzifunsa lomwe tonse tiyenera kudzifunsa ndilakuti, 'Kodi kukonzanso zinthu kumagwira ntchito yanji pamenepo?Ngati nyengo iyamba kukhala yamphepo, kodi kubwezeretsanso madzi kungathandize kuti madziwo akhazikike, kapena kupangitsa kuti madzi…akhale achipwirikiti?’”
Morales ndi Keel adavomerezanso zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kulosera, kuphatikiza mfundo zokhazikika zaboma, zosankha zogulira eni ake, matekinoloje obwezeretsanso mankhwala ndi zina zambiri.
Zinthu zingapo zomwe zidakambidwa mchaka chino zikufanana ndi zomwe zidafufuzidwa pagulu lamwambo wa 2018.
Payokha, kumapeto kwa mwezi watha, Pulasitiki Yobwezeretsanso Kusintha kwa Plastics idalemba za ulaliki wapagulu kuchokera kwa Chris Cui, director of China Programs for Closed Loop Partners.Adakambirana zakukula kwa msika komanso mwayi wogwirizana ndi bizinesi pakati pa China ndi US
Polyethylene: Morales adalongosola momwe chitukuko chaukadaulo pakuchotsa mafuta oyambira mu nthawi ya 2008 kudapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kwamitengo komanso kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta achilengedwe.Zotsatira zake, makampani amafuta a petrochemicals adayikapo ndalama pazomera zopangira PE.
"Pakhala ndalama zambiri mu unyolo wa polyethylene kutengera zoyembekeza zotsika mtengo za ethane, yomwe ndi madzi amadzi achilengedwe," adatero Morales, mkulu wamkulu wa polyolefins ku North America.Njira yoyendetsera ndalamazo inali kutumiza namwali PE kuchokera ku US
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa gasi wachilengedwe pamafuta wacheperachepera kuyambira pamenepo, koma IHS Markit amaloserabe phindu lomwe likupita patsogolo, adatero.
Mu 2017 ndi 2018, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa PE, makamaka kuchokera ku China, kudakula.Zinayendetsedwa ndi zoletsa za China pazogulitsa kunja kwa PE, adatero, ndi mfundo za dzikolo zogwiritsa ntchito gasi wachilengedwe wotentha kwambiri pakuwotcha (omalizawo adatumiza kufunikira kwa mapaipi a HDPE padenga).Chiwopsezo chakukula kwachuma chatsika, Morales adatero, koma akuyembekezeka kukhalabe olimba.
Adakhudzanso nkhondo yazamalonda yaku US-China, kutcha mitengo yaku China pamapulasitiki apamwamba aku US "tsoka kwa opanga polyethylene aku US."IHS Markit ikuyerekeza kuti kuyambira pa Aug. 23, pamene ntchitozo zinayamba kugwira ntchito, opanga ataya masenti 3-5 pa paundi iliyonse yomwe amapanga, ndikudula malire a phindu.Kampaniyo ikuganiza molosera kuti mitengo yamitengo idzachotsedwa pofika 2020.
Chaka chatha, kufunikira kwa PE kunali kwakukulu ku US, motsogozedwa ndi mtengo wotsika wa pulasitiki, kukula kwakukulu kwa GDP, Made in America makampeni ndi mitengo yothandizira otembenuza m'nyumba, msika wamphamvu wa chitoliro chifukwa cha ndalama zamafuta, Hurricane Harvey ikuyendetsa kufunikira kwa mapaipi. , kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wa PE motsutsana ndi PET ndi PP komanso lamulo la msonkho la federal lothandizira kugulitsa makina, Morales adatero.
Poyembekezera kupanga kwakukulu, chaka cha 2019 chikhala chaka chofuna kukwera, adatero, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitengo yatsika kwambiri.Koma iwonso sakuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri.Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwina kwa mbewu kumabwera pa intaneti, ndikukankhira zinthu zambiri kuposa zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa.
"Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?"Morales anafunsa."Kutengera malingaliro ogulitsa utomoni, zikutanthauza kuti kuthekera kwanu kokweza mtengo ndi malire kumatsutsidwa.[Kwa] wogula wamkulu wa utomoni, mwina ndi nthawi yabwino yogula.
Misika yapulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso imakhala ngati yakhazikika pakati, adatero.Adalankhula ndi obwezera omwe zinthu zawo zidayenera kupikisana ndi PE yotsika mtengo kwambiri, yopanda kalasi yayikulu.Akuyembekeza kuti zogulitsa zikhale zofanana ndi zomwe zili masiku ano, adatero.
"Pakhala ndalama zambiri mu unyolo wa polyethylene kutengera zomwe akuyembekeza zotsika mtengo za ethane, yomwe ndi madzi a gasi," - Joel Morales, IHS Markit
Zovuta kuneneratu ndi zotsatira za ndondomeko za boma, monga kuletsa padziko lonse matumba, udzu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.Kusuntha kokhazikika kumatha kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa utomoni, koma kungathenso kulimbikitsa kufunikira kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mwayi wokonzanso zinthu, adatero.
Mwachitsanzo, lamulo lachikwama la California loletsa matumba opyapyala adalimbikitsa mapurosesa kuti awonjezere kupanga zokhuthala.Uthenga womwe IHS Markit wapeza ndi ogula, m'malo motsuka ndikugwiritsanso ntchito matumba okhuthala kangapo, amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati zonyamulira zinyalala."Chotero, zikatero, kubwezeretsanso kwawonjezera kufunika kwa polyethylene," adatero.
Kwina kulikonse, monga ku Argentina, kuletsa matumba kwachepetsa bizinesi kwa omwe akupanga PE omwe adamwalila koma adakulitsa kwa opanga PP, omwe akugulitsa pulasitiki pamatumba a PP osawomba, adatero.
Polypropylene: PP yakhala msika wovuta kwa nthawi yayitali koma ikuyamba kukhazikika, adatero Morales.Ku North America chaka chatha, opanga sanathe kupanga zinthu zokwanira kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna, komabe msika udakulabe ndi 3 peresenti.Ndi chifukwa chakuti katundu wochokera kunja adadzaza kusiyana kwa pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya zofuna, adatero.
Koma kusalinganika kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu 2019. Choyamba, panalibe "kuzizira kwachilendo" mu Januwale ku Gulf Coast monga mu 2018, adatero, ndipo kuperekedwa kwa feedstock propylene kwawonjezeka.Komanso, opanga PP apeza njira zochepetsera botolo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopanga.IHS Markit imapanga ntchito zokwana mapaundi 1 biliyoni kuti zibwere pa intaneti ku North America.Zotsatira zake, akuyembekeza kuwona kuchepa kwa kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa PP yotsika mtengo yaku China ndi PP yapanyumba.
"Ndikudziwa kuti ili ndi vuto kwa anthu ena omwe akubwezeretsanso chifukwa, tsopano, PP yochulukirapo komanso PP yotsalira ikuwonekera pamitengo komanso m'malo [komwe] mwina mumachita bizinesi," adatero Morales."Amenewa mwina adzakhala malo omwe mudzakhala mukukumana nawo ambiri mu 2019."
Virgin PET ndi mankhwala omwe amapitamo amaperekedwa mochulukira monga PE, adatero Keel, mkulu wamkulu wa PET, PTA ndi EO zotumphukira.
Zotsatira zake, "sizikudziwikiratu kuti ndani amene adzakhale opambana ndi otayika mubizinesi yokonzedwanso ya PET," adauza omverawo.
Padziko lonse lapansi, kufunika kwa namwali PET ndi 78 peresenti ya mphamvu zopanga.Mubizinesi yopangira ma polima, ngati kufunikira kuli kochepera 85 peresenti, msika umakhala wochulukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupanga phindu, adatero Keel.
"Mlandu wabwino kwambiri ndikuti mtengo wopangira RPET ukhala wathyathyathya, ukhoza kukhala wokwera.Mulimonsemo, ndizokwera kuposa mtengo wa namwali PET.Kodi ogula a RPET, omwe akupereka zolinga zabwino kwambiri zazinthu zobwezerezedwanso m'mitsuko yawo, angalole kulipira mitengo yokwerayi?"- Tison Keel, IHS Markit
Zofuna zapakhomo ndizochepa.Msika wa zakumwa za kaboni ukuchepa koma kukula kwa madzi am'mabotolo ndikokwanira kuthetsa izi, adatero Keel.
Kusalinganika kwa kufunikira kwa kaphatikizidwe kukuyembekezeka kukulirakulira ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zopangira zikubwera pa intaneti."Zomwe tili nazo m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi ndizomanganso zazikulu," adatero.
Keel adati opanga akuchita zinthu mopanda nzeru ndipo adanenanso kuti atseke mphamvu zopangira kuti abweretse ndalama ndi zofuna kuti zikhale bwino;komabe, palibe amene adalengeza zolinga zake.Kampani yopanga mankhwala ku Italiya Mossi Ghisolfi (M&G) idayesa kupanga njira yopulumukira pokhazikitsa chomera chachikulu cha PET ndi PTA ku Corpus Christi, Texas, koma malire otsika komanso mtengo wa projekiti unamiza kampaniyo kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2017. Mgwirizano wotchedwa Corpus Christi Polymers adavomera kugula ntchitoyi ndikubweretsa pa intaneti.
Kutumiza kunja kwawonjezera mitengo yotsika, a Keel adatero.US yakhala ikulowetsa mosalekeza PET yochulukirachulukira.Opanga apakhomo adayesa kuletsa mpikisano wakunja ndi madandaulo odana ndi kutaya omwe adaperekedwa ku boma la federal.Ntchito zoletsa kutaya zinyalala zasintha gwero la PET yayikulu - idachepetsa kuchuluka kochokera ku China, mwachitsanzo - koma sikunathe kuchepetsa kulemera komwe kumafika pamadoko aku US, adatero.
Chithunzi chonse chomwe chimafunidwa chidzatanthauza mitengo ya PET yotsika mosalekeza m'zaka zikubwerazi, Keel adatero.Ndilo vuto lomwe obwezera PET akukumana nawo.
Opanga a RPET-grade-grade akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi ndalama zokhazikika kuti apange mankhwala awo, adatero.
"Mlandu wabwino kwambiri ndi mtengo wopangira RPET udzakhala wathyathyathya, ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba," adatero Keel."Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndizokwera kuposa mtengo wa namwali PET.Kodi ogula a RPET, omwe akupereka zolinga zabwino kwambiri zazinthu zobwezerezedwanso m'mitsuko yawo, angalole kulipira mitengo yokwerayi?Ine sindikunena kuti iwo sadzatero.M'mbuyomu, ku North America, sanatero.Ku Europe, tsopano ali pazifukwa zingapo - mosiyana kwambiri ndi madalaivala aku US Koma ili ndi funso lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuyankhidwa. "
Pankhani yobwezeretsanso botolo ku botolo, vuto lina la zakumwa zakumwa ndi "chilakolako chopanda pake" chochokera ku mafakitale a RPET, Keel adatero.Makampaniwa amadya zoposa magawo atatu mwa magawo atatu a RPET omwe amapangidwa chaka chilichonse.Dalaivala ndi mtengo chabe: Ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri kupanga ulusi woyambira kuchokera ku PET yobwezeretsedwa kuposa zida zomwe zidalibe, adatero.
Chitukuko chomwe chikubwera kuti muwonere ndi makampani akuluakulu a PET omwe akuphatikiza mwamphamvu mphamvu yobwezeretsanso makina.Monga zitsanzo, chaka chino DAK Americas idagula chomera chobwezeretsanso Perpetual Recycling Solutions PET ku Indiana, ndipo Indorama Ventures idapeza chomera cha Custom Polymers PET ku Alabama.Keel anati: “Ndingadabwe ngati sitiona zambiri zokhudza ntchitoyi.
Keel adati eni ake atsopanowa atha kudyetsa phala loyera m'malo awo osungunuka kuti athe kupatsa eni mtunduwu pellet yosinthidwanso.Izi zitha, pakanthawi kochepa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa RPET-grade-grade pa msika wamalonda, adatero.
Makampani a Petrochemical akugulitsanso ukadaulo wa depolymerization wa PET scrap.Mwachitsanzo, Indorama, adagwirizana ndi zoyambira za PET zobwezeretsanso mankhwala ku Europe ndi North America.Njira zobwezeretsanso, ngati zingatheke mwaukadaulo komanso mwachuma, zitha kukhala zosokoneza kwambiri msika pazaka 8 mpaka 10, Keel adaneneratu.
Koma vuto lomwe likukulirakulira ndi kutsika kwa PET ku North America, makamaka ku US, Keel adatero.Mu 2017, pafupifupi 29.2 peresenti ya mabotolo a PET ogulitsidwa ku US adasonkhanitsidwa kuti abwezeretsedwenso, malinga ndi lipoti lapachaka lochokera ku National Association for PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) ndi Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR).Poyerekeza, chiwopsezocho chinali 58 peresenti mu 2017.
"Kodi tikwaniritse bwanji zofuna zomwe eni ake akugulitsa pomwe ndalama zosonkhetsa zili zotsika kwambiri, ndipo tingakweze bwanji?"anafunsa."Ndilibe yankho la izi."
Atafunsidwa za malamulo osungitsa ndalama, Keel adati akuganiza kuti amagwira ntchito bwino kuti aletse zinyalala, kulimbikitsa kutolera komanso kupanga mabale apamwamba kwambiri.M'mbuyomu, eni zakumwa zakumwa adawakakamiza, komabe, chifukwa masenti owonjezera omwe ogula amalipira pa register amachepetsa kugulitsa konse.
"Sindikutsimikiza pakadali pano komwe eni eni ake akuluakulu ali pamalingaliro amalamulo osunga ndalama.M'mbiri, adatsutsa malamulo osunga ndalama," adatero."Kaya apitiliza kutsutsa izi kapena ayi, sindinganene."
Kusindikiza kotala kotala kwa Plastics Recycling Update kumapereka nkhani ndi kusanthula kwapadera komwe kungathandize kukweza ntchito zobwezeretsanso mapulasitiki.Lembetsani lero kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwalandira kunyumba kapena kuofesi kwanu.
Mtsogoleri wa imodzi mwamabizinesi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi amadzi a m'mabotolo posachedwa adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira yobwezeretsanso kampaniyo, ndikuzindikira kuti imathandizira malamulo osungitsa ndalama ndi njira zina zolimbikitsira.
Kampani yopanga mankhwala padziko lonse ya Eastman yawulula njira yobwezeretsanso yomwe imaphwanya ma polima kukhala mpweya kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mankhwala.Tsopano ikuyang'ana ogulitsa.
Mzere watsopano wobwezeretsanso uthandizira kupanga RPET yolumikizana ndi chakudya kuchokera pamalo onyansa kwambiri: mabotolo otengedwa kumalo otayirako.
Othandizira pulojekiti yopangira mafuta apulasitiki ku Indiana adalengeza kuti akukonzekera kukhazikitsa malo ogulitsa $260 miliyoni.
Mtengo wa HDPE wachilengedwe wapitilirabe kutsika ndipo tsopano ukukhala pansi pa malo ake chaka chapitacho, koma zobwezeretsanso za PET sizinasinthe.
Kampani yopanga zovala zapadziko lonse ya H&M idagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo a PET okwana 325 miliyoni mu polyester yake yobwezerezedwanso chaka chatha, kuyambira chaka chatha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-23-2019