Kuchokera ku National Band kupita ku Travis Bean, James Trussart, ndi zina zotero, thupi ndi khosi la gitala zonse zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo ndipo zimakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka pafupifupi zana.Lowani nafe ndikujambula mbiri yawo.
Tisanayambe, tiyeni tikambirane kaye mavuto ena.Ngati mukufuna zidziwitso zanzeru zokhudzana ndi zitsulo zokhudzana ndi tsitsi lalitali ndi zinyalala zazikulu, chonde chokani mukakhala ndi nthawi.Osachepera pa ntchitoyi, timangogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga zinthu zopangira magitala.
Magitala ambiri amakhala opangidwa ndi matabwa.Inu mukudziwa zimenezo.Nthawi zambiri, chitsulo chokhacho chomwe mungachiwone chimakhala mu gridi ya piyano, zithunzi, ndi zida zina monga milatho, tuner, ndi malamba.Mwinamwake pali mbale zochepa, mwinamwake pali mitsuko.Inde, palinso nyimbo za zingwe.Ndibwino kuti musaiwale.
M'mbiri yonse ya zida zathu zoimbira, anthu ena olimba mtima apita patsogolo, ndipo nthawi zina amapitirira.Nkhani yathu inayamba ku California cha m’ma 1920.Chapakati pa zaka khumi zimenezo, John Dopera ndi abale ake anakhazikitsa National Corporation ku Los Angeles.Iye ndi George Beauchamp mwina adagwirizana kuti apange gitala la resonator, lomwe ndi thandizo la National pakusaka voliyumu yayikulu.
Pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa resonator, resonator akadali mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa gitala wachitsulo.Zithunzi zonse: Eleanor Jane
George ndi woimba gitala ku Texan juggler komanso wokonda kuimba, tsopano amakhala ku Los Angeles ndipo amagwira ntchito ku National.Monga ochita masewera ambiri panthawiyo, adachita chidwi ndi kuthekera kopanga zida zapamwamba zapamwamba komanso magitala apamwamba kwambiri.Oimba magitala ambiri omwe amaimba m'magulu amitundu yonse amafuna kukhala ndi voliyumu yokwezeka kuposa zida zomwe zilipo kale.
Gitala yomveka yopangidwa ndi George ndi abwenzi ake ndi chida chodabwitsa.Inatuluka mu 1927 ndi thupi lonyezimira lachitsulo.Mkati, kutengera chitsanzo, National walumikiza chimodzi kapena zitatu woonda zitsulo resonator zimbale kapena cones pansi pa mlatho.Amakhala ngati olankhula amakina, akuwonetsa phokoso la zingwe, ndikupereka phokoso lamphamvu komanso lapadera la gitala la resonator.Pa nthawiyo, zopangidwa zina monga Dobro ndi Regal anapanganso zitsulo thupi resonators.
Pafupi ndi likulu la dzikolo, Adolph Rickenbacker amayendetsa kampani ya nkhungu, komwe imapanga matupi azitsulo ndi ma cones a resonator kwa National.George Beauchamp, Paul Barth ndi Adolph adagwira ntchito limodzi kuphatikiza malingaliro awo atsopano kukhala magitala amagetsi.Anakhazikitsa Ro-Pat-In kumapeto kwa 1931, George ndi Paul asanathamangitsidwe ndi National.
M'chaka cha 1932, Ro-Pat-In anayamba kupanga electroformed aluminiyamu zamagetsi kuti ntchito zitsulo.Wosewera amaika chidacho pachifuwa chake ndikuyika ndodo yachitsulo pa chingwecho, chomwe nthawi zambiri amachiyika pachingwe chotsegula.Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1920, mphete zachitsulo zochepa zakhala zikudziwika, ndipo chida ichi chidakali chodziwika kwambiri.Ndikoyenera kutsindika kuti dzina lakuti "chitsulo" si chifukwa chakuti magitalawa amapangidwa ndi zitsulo-ndithudi, magitala ambiri amapangidwa ndi matabwa kupatula Electros-koma chifukwa amagwiridwa ndi osewera ndi ndodo zachitsulo.Ndinagwiritsa ntchito dzanja langa lamanzere kuletsa zingwe zokwezeka.
Mtundu wa Electro unasintha kukhala Rickenbacker.Cha m'ma 1937, anayamba kupanga chitsulo chaching'ono chooneka ngati gitala kuchokera kuzitsulo zosindikizidwa (kawirikawiri zitsulo zokhala ndi chrome), ndipo potsirizira pake ankaganiza kuti aluminiyumu ndi chinthu chosayenera chifukwa aliyense wopanga gitala angagwiritse ntchito.Mbali yofunikira ya chidacho iyenera kuganiziridwa.Aluminiyamu muzitsulo imakula pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa kuyatsa), zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawapangitsa kukhala osayembekezereka.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kusiyana kwa momwe matabwa ndi zitsulo zimasinthira chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi zakhala zokwanira kuti alole opanga ambiri ndi osewera kuti apite mofulumira kuchokera kumbali ina ya gitala (makamaka khosi) yomwe imasakaniza zipangizo ziwirizo.thamanga.
Gibson nayenso anagwiritsa ntchito mwachidule aluminiyamu ngati gitala yake yoyamba yamagetsi, yomwe ndi chitsulo cha Hawaiian Electric E-150, chomwe chinatuluka kumapeto kwa 1935. Mapangidwe a thupi lachitsulo mwachiwonekere akugwirizana ndi maonekedwe ndi kalembedwe ka Rickenbackers, koma zimachitika. kuti njira imeneyi ndi yosatheka.N'chimodzimodzinso ndi Gibson.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chachiwiri, Gibson adatembenukira ku malo omveka bwino ndikuyambitsa buku latsopano ndi thupi lamatabwa (ndi dzina losiyana EH-150).
Tsopano, talumphira kuzaka za m'ma 1970, tikadali ku California, ndipo m'nthawi yomwe mkuwa unakhala chinthu cha hardware chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa kuti khalidwe labwino.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Travis Bean adayambitsa gulu lake kuchokera ku Sun Valley, California ku 1974 ndi anzake a Marc McElwee (Marc McElwee) ndi Gary Kramer (Gary Kramer).Aluminium khosi gitala.Komabe, sanali woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyumu m'mapangidwe amakono a khosi.Ulemuwo ndi wa gitala la Wandrè waku Italy.
Onse a Kramer DMZ 2000 ndi Travis Bean Standard azaka za m'ma 1970 ali ndi makosi a aluminiyamu ndipo akupezeka kuti agulidwe kumsika wotsatira wa gitala wa Gardiner Houlgate pa Marichi 10, 2021.
Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950 mpaka m'ma 1960, Antonio Wandrè Pioli adapanga ndikupanga magitala owoneka bwino omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kuphatikiza Rock Oval (yomwe idayambitsidwa cha 1958) ndi Scarabeo (1965).Zida zake zimawoneka pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Wandrè, Framez, Davoli, Noble ndi Orpheum, koma kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe ochititsa chidwi a Pioli, pali zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi, kuphatikizapo gawo la khosi la aluminiyamu.Mtundu wabwino kwambiri umakhala ndi khosi, lomwe limapangidwa ndi chubu cha aluminiyamu chozungulira chozungulira chomwe chimapita kumutu ngati chimango, chopindika chala, ndipo chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chakumbuyo chimaperekedwa kuti chizitha kumveka bwino.
Gitala la Wandrè lidazimiririka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, koma lingaliro la khosi la aluminiyamu lidapangidwanso mothandizidwa ndi Travis Bean.Travis Bean adatulutsa mkati mwa khosi ndipo adapanga chomwe adachitcha kuti chassis cha aluminiyamu kudzera pakhosi.Kuphatikizira mutu wokhala ngati T wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mlatho, ntchito yonseyo imamalizidwa ndi thupi lamatabwa.Anati izi zimapereka kuuma kosasinthasintha kotero kuti ductility yabwino, ndipo misa yowonjezera imachepetsa kugwedezeka.Komabe, bizinesiyo inali yaifupi ndipo Travis Bean inasiya ntchito mu 1979. Travis anawonekera mwachidule kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, ndipo Travis Bean Designs yomwe inangotsitsimutsidwa ikugwirabe ntchito ku Florida.Nthawi yomweyo, ku Irondale, Alabama, kampani ya gitala yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi Travis Bean ikusunganso lawi lamoto.
Gary Kramer, mnzake wa Travis, adachoka mu 1976, adayambitsa kampani yake, ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito yokonza khosi la aluminiyamu.Gary adagwira ntchito ndi Philip Petillo wopanga gitala ndipo adasintha zina.Analowetsa matabwa kumbuyo kwa khosi lake kuti athetse kutsutsidwa kwachitsulo cha khosi cha Travis Bean akumva kuzizira, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito chala cha sandalwood.Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, Kramer anapereka khosi lamatabwa lachikhalidwe ngati njira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono, aluminiyumu inatayidwa.Kutsitsimuka kwa Henry Vaccaro ndi Philip Petillo kunali kochokera ku Kramer kupita ku Vaccaro ndipo kunachitika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 90 mpaka 2002.
Gitala ya John Veleno imapita patsogolo, pafupifupi yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu yopanda kanthu, yokhala ndi khosi loponyedwa ndi thupi lojambula pamanja.Likulu lake ku St. Petersburg, Florida, Veleno anayamba kupanga zida zake zoimbira zachilendo cha m'ma 1970, ndipo anamaliza kupanga zidazi mu mitundu yowala ya anodized, kuphatikizapo zitsanzo za golide.Ena mwa iwo ali ndi tebulo la m'mphepete mwa bedi looneka ngati V lopakidwa miyala yofiira.Atapanga magitala pafupifupi 185, adasiya mu 1977.
Atasiyana ndi Travis Bean, Gary Kramer adayenera kusintha kapangidwe kake kuti apewe kuphwanya patent.Mutu wodziwika bwino wa Travis Bean umawoneka kumanja
Wopanga wina yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito aluminiyumu mwamakonda ake ndi Tony Zemaitis, womanga waku Britain wokhala ku Kent.Eric Clapton atauza Tony kupanga magitala asiliva, adayamba kupanga zida zachitsulo zakutsogolo.Anapanga chitsanzocho pophimba kutsogolo konse kwa thupi ndi mbale za aluminiyamu.Ntchito zambiri za Tony zimakhala ndi ntchito ya wojambula mpira Danny O'Brien, ndipo mapangidwe ake abwino amapereka mawonekedwe apadera.Mofanana ndi zitsanzo zina zamagetsi ndi zomveka, Tony anayamba kupanga magitala a Zemaitis zitsulo kutsogolo kuzungulira 1970, mpaka atapuma pantchito mu 2000. Anamwalira mu 2002.
James Trussart wachita ntchito zambiri kuti akhalebe ndi makhalidwe apadera omwe zitsulo zingapereke pakupanga gitala lamakono.Iye anabadwira ku France, kenako anasamukira ku United States, ndipo kenako anakakhala ku Los Angeles, kumene wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 20.Anapitiriza kupanga magitala achitsulo ndi violin kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kusakaniza maonekedwe achitsulo a magitala a resonator ndi mpweya wa dzimbiri ndi wamkuwa wa makina otayidwa.
Billy Gibbons (Billy Gibbons) adapereka dzina laukadaulo wa Rust-O-Matic, James adayika thupi la gitala pamalowa kwa milungu ingapo, ndipo pamapeto pake adamaliza ndi malaya owoneka bwino a satin.Mitundu yambiri ya gitala ya Trussart kapena mapangidwe amasindikizidwa pazitsulo (kapena pa mbale ya alonda kapena mutu), kuphatikizapo zigaza ndi zojambula zamitundu, kapena maonekedwe a khungu la ng'ona kapena zomera.
Trussart si French luthier yekha yemwe adaphatikiza matupi achitsulo m'nyumba zake - Loic Le Pape ndi MeloDuende onse adawonekera pamasamba awa m'mbuyomu, ngakhale mosiyana ndi Trussart, amakhalabe ku France.
Kwina kulikonse, opanga nthawi zina amapereka zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsulo zosazolowereka, monga mazana apakati pa 90s Strats opangidwa ndi Fender okhala ndi matupi a aluminium anodized.Pakhala pali magitala osagwirizana ndi zitsulo ngati maziko, monga SynthAxe yaifupi mu 1980s.Thupi lake lachifanizo la fiberglass limayikidwa pa chassis chachitsulo.
Kuchokera ku K&F m'zaka za m'ma 1940 (mwachidule) mpaka pazala zala za Vigier, palinso zala zachitsulo.Ndipo zokongoletsa zina zamalizidwa zomwe zitha kupatsa mawonekedwe amagetsi oyambira matabwa kukhala owoneka bwino ngati zitsulo, mwachitsanzo, Gretsch's 50s Silver Jet yokongoletsedwa ndi ng'oma zonyezimira, kapena idayambitsidwa mu 1990 mtundu wa JS2 wa Jbanez wosainidwa ndi Joe Satriani.
JS2 yoyambirira idachotsedwa mwachangu chifukwa zinali zoonekeratu kuti zinali zosatheka kupanga zokutira za chrome zokhala ndi chitetezo.Chromium imagwa kuchokera mthupi ndikupanga ming'alu, yomwe si yabwino.Fakitale ya Fujigen ikuwoneka kuti yangomaliza magitala asanu ndi awiri a JS2 opangidwa ndi chrome kwa Ibanez, atatu omwe adapatsidwa kwa Joe, yemwe adayenera kuyika tepi yomveka bwino pamipata mu zitsanzo zomwe amakonda kuti ateteze khungu losweka.
Mwachizoloŵezi, Fujigen anayesa kuvala thupi mwa kulimiza mu njira yothetsera vutoli, koma izi zinapangitsa kuphulika kwakukulu.Iwo anayesa plating vacuum plating, koma mpweya mkati mwa nkhuni unatopa chifukwa cha kupsyinjika, ndipo chromium inasanduka mtundu wa faifi tambala.Kuonjezera apo, ogwira ntchito amavutika ndi magetsi akamayesa kupukuta zomwe zatha.Ibanez analibe chochita, ndipo JS2 idathetsedwa.Komabe, panali zosinthidwa ziwiri zocheperako pambuyo pake: JS10th mu 1998 ndi JS2PRM mu 2005.
Ulrich Teuffel wakhala akupanga magitala kum'mwera kwa Germany kuyambira 1995. Chitsanzo chake cha Birdfish sichikuwoneka ngati chida choimba wamba.Chomangira chake chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu chimagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lachikhalidwe chachitsulo chachitsulo ndikuphatikiza Kusintha kukhala chinthu chopanda mutu."Mbalame" ndi "nsomba" m'dzina ndi zinthu ziwiri zachitsulo zomwe zimamangiriza zingwe zamatabwa kwa izo: mbalame ndi gawo lakutsogolo lomwe latsekedwa.Nsomba ndi gawo lakumbuyo la poto yolamulira.Sitima yapakati pa ziwirizi imakonza chojambula chosunthika.
"Kuchokera kumalingaliro afilosofi, ndimakonda lingaliro lolola zipangizo zoyambirira kulowa mu studio yanga, ndikuchita zamatsenga pano, ndiyeno gitala limatuluka," adatero Ulrich."Ndikuganiza kuti Birdfish ndi chida choimbira, chimabweretsa ulendo wapadera kwa aliyense amene amachisewera. Chifukwa chimakuuzani momwe mungapangire gitala."
Nkhani yathu imathera ndi bwalo lathunthu, kubwerera komwe tidayamba ndi gitala loyambirira la resonator m'ma 1920.Magitala otengedwa pamwambowu amapereka ntchito zambiri zamakono zamapangidwe azitsulo, monga mitundu monga Ashbury, Gretsch, Ozark ndi Recording King, komanso zitsanzo zamakono zochokera ku Dobro, Regal ndi National, ndi Resophonic monga ule sub in. Michigan.
Loic Le Pape ndi katswiri wina wa ku France yemwe amagwira ntchito pazitsulo.Iye ndi wabwino pomanganso zida zakale zamatabwa ndi matupi achitsulo.
Mike Lewis wa Fine Resophonic ku Paris wakhala akupanga magitala achitsulo kwa zaka 30.Amagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa, siliva waku Germany, ndipo nthawi zina chitsulo.Mike anati: “Si chifukwa chakuti mmodzi wa iwo ali bwino,” koma ali ndi mawu osiyana kwambiri."Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wakale wamtundu wa 0 nthawi zonse umakhala wamkuwa, fuko lamitundu iwiri kapena Triolian nthawi zonse limapangidwa ndi chitsulo, ndipo ambiri a Tricones akale amapangidwa ndi siliva wa German ndi nickel alloys. Amapereka mawu atatu osiyana kwambiri. ."
Kodi choyipa kwambiri komanso chabwino kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi zitsulo zagitala ndi chiyani?"Chochitika choipitsitsa kwambiri chikhoza kukhala pamene mupereka gitala pa nickel yokutidwa ndipo amasokoneza. Izi zikhoza kuchitika. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndi chakuti mungathe kupanga mawonekedwe achikhalidwe mosavuta popanda zida zambiri. Kugula zitsulo sikumaletsa Chilichonse, " Mike anamaliza ndi kuseka, "Mwachitsanzo, Brazilian brass. Koma zingwe zikamayaka, zimakhala zabwino nthawi zonse. Nditha kusewera."
Guitar.com ndiye mtsogoleri wotsogola komanso zothandizira pamagawo onse agitala padziko lapansi.Timapereka zidziwitso ndi zidziwitso zamagiya, akatswiri ojambula, ukadaulo ndi makampani opanga magitala amitundu yonse ndi luso.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-11-2021