Motsogozedwa ndi ziletso zamatumba apulasitiki, maulamuliro ayika chidwi chawo pa chandamale chachikulu: kapu ya khofi yopita.
Motsogozedwa ndi ziletso zamatumba apulasitiki, maulamuliro ayika chidwi chawo pa chandamale chachikulu: kapu ya khofi yopita.
People's Republic of Berkeley, Calif., Imanyadira utsogoleri wake pazinthu zonse zachitukuko komanso zachilengedwe.Mzinda wawung'ono wowolowa manja kum'mawa kwa San Francisco unali umodzi mwamizinda yoyamba yaku US kutengera zobwezeretsanso m'mphepete mwa msewu.Inaletsa styrofoam ndipo inali yofulumira kutenga matumba ogula apulasitiki.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, khonsolo ya mzinda wa Berkeley idazindikira mliri watsopano wachilengedwe: Kapu ya khofi yopita.
Makapu pafupifupi 40 miliyoni omwe amatayidwa amaponyedwa mumzinda chaka chilichonse, malinga ndi khonsolo yamzindawu, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa munthu aliyense patsiku.Chifukwa chake mu Januware, mzindawu udati pakufunika masitolo ogulitsa khofi kuti azilipira masenti 25 owonjezera kwa makasitomala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kapu yotengerako."Kudikirira sikulinso mwayi," a Sophie Hahn, membala wa khonsolo ya mzinda wa Berkeley yemwe adalemba malamulowo, adatero panthawiyo.
Podzazidwa ndi zinyalala, maulamuliro padziko lonse lapansi akuletsa zotengera ndi makapu apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi.Europe imati makapu apulasitiki akumwa ayenera kupita ndi 2021. India akufuna kuti atuluke pofika 2022. Taiwan idakhazikitsa tsiku lomaliza la 2030. Zolipiritsa ngati Berkeley zitha kukhala zofala kwambiri poyesa kusintha mwachangu machitidwe a ogula asanaletsedwe kwambiri.
Kwa maunyolo ngati Starbucks Corp., omwe amadutsa makapu pafupifupi 6 biliyoni pachaka, izi zikuyimira vuto lomwe liripo.Dunkin 'adzitcha dzina posachedwa kuti atsimikize komwe adachokera ndipo tsopano akupanga pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya ndalama zake kuchokera ku zakumwa za khofi.Koma ilinso vuto lalikulu kwa McDonald's Corp. komanso makampani azakudya mwachangu.
Otsogolera akhala akukayikira kuti tsikuli lifika.Payokha komanso palimodzi, akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kapu yapulasitiki yokhala ndi mizere iwiri, yokhala ndi mipanda iwiri kwazaka zopitilira khumi.
"Zimasokoneza moyo wanga," atero a Scott Murphy, mkulu wa opareshoni ya Dunkin' Brands Group Inc., yomwe imadutsa makapu a khofi 1 biliyoni pachaka.Iye wakhala akugwira ntchito yokonzanso chikho cha unyolo kuyambira pamene adalonjeza kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito thovu mu 2010. Chaka chino, masitolo ake akusintha kukhala makapu a mapepala, ndipo akupitirizabe kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe.
Murphy anati: “Ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa zimene anthu amatiyamikira."Chikho chimenecho ndi njira yolumikizirana kwambiri ndi ogula athu.Ndi gawo lalikulu la mtundu wathu komanso cholowa chathu. ”
Makapu otayika ndi zinthu zamakono.Pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, ochirikiza zaumoyo wa anthu anali ofunitsitsa kuletsa mtundu wina wa chikho—chotengera chakumwa chapagulu, malata kapena kapu yagalasi yosiyidwa pafupi ndi akasupe akumwa.Pamene Lawrence Luellen adapatsa kapu yotayira yokhala ndi sera, adayitcha ngati njira yatsopano yaukhondo, njira yodzitetezera ku matenda monga chibayo ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
Chikhalidwe cha khofi chopita sichinawonekere mpaka patapita nthawi.McDonald's adatulutsa chakudya cham'mawa m'dziko lonse kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.Patangotha zaka khumi pambuyo pake, Starbucks idatsegula sitolo yake ya 50.Pamodzi ndi Dunkin', atatuwa tsopano akugulitsa khofi pafupifupi $20 biliyoni pachaka, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa katswiri wa BTIG LLC Peter Saleh.
Panthawiyi, makampani monga Georgia-Pacific LLC ndi International Paper Co. akula pamodzi ndi msika wa makapu otayika, omwe adagunda $ 12 biliyoni mu 2016. Pofika 2026, akuyembekezeka kuyandikira $ 20 biliyoni.
Dziko la US limapanga pafupifupi makapu 120 biliyoni a mapepala, pulasitiki ndi thovu chaka chilichonse, kapena pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a chiwopsezo cha padziko lonse lapansi.Pafupifupi iliyonse yomalizira—99.75 peresenti—imakhala ngati zinyalala, kumene ngakhale makapu a mapepala angatenge zaka zoposa 20 kuti awole.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa zikwama za pulasitiki kwalimbikitsa kuyesetsa kwatsopano kuti athetse zinyalala za makapu.Zotengera zakudya ndi zakumwa ndizovuta kwambiri, nthawi zina zimatulutsa zinyalala kuwirikiza 20 kuposa momwe matumba apulasitiki amachitira m'dera lililonse.Koma kubwereranso kumatumba ansalu ogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndikosavuta.Ndi makapu a khofi wopita, palibe njira ina yosavuta.Berkeley akulimbikitsa anthu kuti abweretse kapu yapaulendo-ingoponya m'chikwama chanu chogwiritsanso ntchito! - Starbucks ndi Dunkin' amachotsera omwe amatero.
Mashopu a khofi amadziwa kuti makapu ogwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi njira yabwino, koma pakali pano, pamalonda amatha kukhala "malo owopsa," akutero Dunkin's Murphy.Ma seva samadziwa ngati kapu ndi yakuda kapena ngati akuyenera kuitsuka, ndipo ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa khofi yaing'ono kapena sing'anga mumtsuko waukulu.
Zaka khumi zapitazo, Starbucks idalonjeza kuti ipereka 25 peresenti ya khofi wake m'makapu oyenda.Kuyambira pamenepo yakwaniritsa zolinga zake pansi.Kampaniyo imapereka kuchotsera kwa aliyense amene amabweretsa makapu awo, ndipo akadali pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya makasitomala omwe amachita.Idawonjezera kwakanthawi ndalama zokwana 5 pensi ku makapu otayidwa ku UK chaka chatha, zomwe zidati kuchuluka kwa kapu yogwiritsidwanso ntchito 150 peresenti.
Zinatenga zaka zisanu ndi zinayi kuti Dunkin 'apeze njira ina yosinthira kapu yake ya thovu.Kuyesera koyambirira kunafunikira zivindikiro zatsopano, zomwe zinali zovuta kuzikonzanso.Ma prototypes opangidwa ndi 100 peresenti ya zinthu zobwezerezedwanso amamanga ndi kumangirira pansi.Kapu yopangidwa ndi ulusi wa bowa inalonjezedwa kuti idzawola mosavuta, koma inali yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti iwonjezere mphamvu zambiri.
Unyolowo udakhazikika pa kapu yamapepala yokhala ndi mipanda ya pulasitiki yokhala ndi mipanda iwiri, yokhuthala mokwanira kuteteza manja a sippers opanda manja akunja komanso ogwirizana ndi zivindikiro zomwe zilipo.Amapangidwa kuchokera pamapepala osungidwa bwino ndipo amawonongeka mwachangu kuposa thovu, koma ndizofunika kwambiri - ndi okwera mtengo kupanga ndipo satha kubwezeretsedwanso m'malo ambiri.
Makapu amapepala amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kukonzanso.Obwezeretsanso amadandaula kuti zomangira za pulasitiki zidzasokoneza makina awo, choncho nthawi zonse amawatumiza ku zinyalala.Ku North America kuli makina atatu okha a “batch pulper” omwe amatha kulekanitsa pulasitiki ndi pepala.
Ngati mizinda ingathe kukonza zobwezeretsanso pamlingo waukulu, pafupifupi makapu 25 a khofi akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso m'zaka zochepa, kuchokera pa 1 pa 400, malinga ndi gulu la UK's Paper Cup Recovery & Recycling Group.Ndilo "ngati" wamkulu.Ogula nthawi zambiri amaponyera makapu awo a khofi omwe amamangiriridwa ku zivundikiro za pulasitiki, zomwe ziyenera kupatulidwa zisanapangidwenso, mosiyana 1.“Ndi ulendo—sindikuganiza kuti udzatha,” akutero Dunkin’s Murphy.McDonald's Corp. posachedwa adagwirizana ndi Starbucks ndi malo ena odyera omwe amagulitsa mwachangu kuti athandizire kulimbana ndi NextGen Cup Challenge ya $ 10 miliyoni - "kuwombera kumwezi" kuti apange, kufulumizitsa komanso kukulitsa chikho chokhazikika.Mu February, mpikisano analengeza opambana 12, kuphatikizapo makapu zopangidwa compostable ndi recyclable paperboard;kupanga chinsalu chopangidwa ndi zomera chomwe chimatha kusunga madzi;ndi ziwembu zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa kapu yogwiritsidwanso ntchito.
"Tikuyang'ana mayankho omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi malonda komanso zinthu zomwe zili zolakalaka," atero a Bridget Croke, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa zochitika zakunja ku Closed Loop Partners, kampani yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pakubweza ndalama yomwe ikuwongolera vutoli.
Chikho chomwe chingachepetse msanga chingakhale yankho limodzi - kuletsa kwa ku Europe kumapangitsa kuti makapu a kompositi awonongeke m'masabata 12 - koma ngakhale chikho chotere chikadapezeka mosavuta komanso chotsika mtengo, US ilibe mafakitale okwanira. zipangizo zopangira kompositi zofunika kuziphwasula.Zikatero, amapita kumalo otayirako zinyalala, kumene sangawole n’komwe 2 .
Pamsonkhano wawo wapachaka mu 2018, Starbucks adayesa mwakachetechete kapu ya khofi yopangidwa kuchokera ku makapu ena a khofi, omwe amadziwika kuti ndiwopatulika wa kapu ya khofi.Zinali zojambulajambula monga china chilichonse: Kuti apangitse kuthamanga pang'ono, gulu la khofi linasonkhanitsa makapu odzaza makapu ndikuwatumiza kuti akakonze ku Sustana batch pulper ku Wisconsin.Kuchokera kumeneko, ulusiwo unapita ku mphero ya pepala ya WestRock Co. ku Texas kuti ikasanduke makapu, omwe amasindikizidwa ndi logos ndi kampani inanso. 't."Pali vuto lalikulu lauinjiniya pano," adatero Croke wa Closed Loop."Zakhala zoonekeratu kuti mayankho omwe makampani akhala akugwira ntchito kuti athetse vutoli sanakhale wofulumira."
Chifukwa chake maboma, monga a Berkeley, sakudikirira.Boma lidafufuza anthu asanawayimbe mlanduwo ndipo lidapeza kuti lingakhutiritse opitilira 70 peresenti kuti ayambe kubweretsa makapu awo ndi 25 cent, atero a Miriam Gordon, director director ku gulu lopanda phindu la Upstream, lomwe linathandiza Berkeley kulemba malamulo ake. Kulipiritsa kumatanthawuza kukhala kuyesa khalidwe laumunthu, osati msonkho wachikhalidwe.Malo ogulitsira khofi a Berkeley amasunga ndalama zowonjezera ndipo amatha kutsitsa mitengo yawo kuti zomwe ogula amalipira zizikhala zomwezo.Ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti pali malipiro owonjezera."Ziyenera kuwoneka kwa kasitomala," adatero Gordon.Izi ndi zomwe zimalimbikitsa anthu kusintha khalidwe.
Zonsezi zidafika poipa kwambiri mu 2018 pomwe China idaganiza kuti ili ndi zinyalala zake zokwanira kuti ide nkhawa ndikusiya kukonza zinyalala "zoipitsidwa" - zosakanikirana - zochokera kumayiko ena.
Manyowa amafunikira mpweya womasuka kuti awonongeke.Chifukwa chakuti zotayiramo pansi zimasindikizidwa kuti zisamatayike, ngakhale kapu yopangidwa kuti iphwanyike mwachangu sichimayendetsa mpweya womwe umayenera kutero.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-25-2019