Intsinzi y'Ubuholandi «Gusubiramo« Isi yo gucunga imyanda

Nibihe bintu byibanga bituma sisitemu yu Buholandi iba nziza cyane mugihe cyo gucunga imyanda no kuyitunganya?

Nibihe bintu byibanga bituma sisitemu yu Buholandi iba nziza cyane mugihe cyo gucunga imyanda no kuyitunganya?Kandi ninde masosiyete ayobora inzira?WMW ireba ...

Bitewe n’imiterere y’imicungire y’imyanda yo hejuru, Ubuholandi bushobora gutunganya imyanda iri munsi ya 64% - kandi ibyinshi bisigaye byatwitswe kugira ngo bitange amashanyarazi.Nkigisubizo, ijanisha rito gusa rirangirira mumyanda.Mu rwego rwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa iki ni igihugu kidasanzwe.

Uburyo bw'Abaholandi buroroshye: irinde kurema imyanda ishoboka, kugarura ibikoresho by'ibanze biva muri yo, kubyara ingufu mu gutwika imyanda isigaye, hanyuma noneho ujugunye ibisigaye - ariko ubikore muburyo bwangiza ibidukikije.Ubu buryo - buzwi ku izina rya 'Lansink's Ladder' nyuma y’umudepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubuholandi wabisabye - bwinjijwe mu mategeko y’Ubuholandi mu 1994 kandi bukaba ishingiro ry’imyanda y’imyanda mu Mabwiriza y’ibikorwa by’imyanda by’i Burayi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe kuri TNT Post bwerekanye ko gutandukanya imyanda ari cyo gipimo cy’ibidukikije kizwi cyane mu baturage b’Abaholandi.Abarenga 90% b’Abaholandi batandukanya imyanda yabo.Synovate / Ikiganiro NSS yabajije abaguzi barenga 500 ibijyanye no kumenya ibidukikije mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri TNT Post.Kuzimya igikanda mugihe koza amenyo yawe nicyo gipimo cya kabiri cyamamaye cyane (80% by'ababajijwe) gikurikirwa no guhindura thermostat hasi 'impamyabumenyi cyangwa ebyiri' (75%).Gushyira muyunguruzi ya karubone kumodoka no kugura ibinyabuzima byafashe umwanya muto kurutonde.

Kubura umwanya hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije byatumye guverinoma y'Ubuholandi ifata ingamba hakiri kare kugira ngo imyanda igabanuke.Ibi na byo byahaye ibigo icyizere cyo gushora imari mu bisubizo byangiza ibidukikije.Umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe rishinzwe gucunga imyanda yo mu Buholandi (DWMA), Dick Hoogendoorn agira ati: 'Turashobora gufasha ibihugu bitangiye gushora ubu bwoko bw'ishoramari kugira ngo twirinde amakosa twakoze.'

DWMA iteza imbere inyungu z’amasosiyete agera kuri 50 agira uruhare mu gukusanya, gutunganya, gutunganya, gutunganya ifumbire, gutwika no guta imyanda.Abanyamuryango b'iryo shyirahamwe kuva ku masosiyete mato, akorera mu karere kugeza ku masosiyete manini akorera ku isi.Hoogendoorn amenyereye ibintu bifatika na politiki bijyanye no gucunga imyanda, akaba yarakoze muri Minisiteri y’ubuzima, igenamigambi ry’ahantu n’ibidukikije, ndetse n’umuyobozi w’isosiyete itunganya imyanda.

Ubuholandi bufite 'imiterere yo gucunga imyanda' idasanzwe.Ibigo byo mu Buholandi bifite ubuhanga bwo kubona byinshi mu myanda yabyo muburyo bwubwenge kandi burambye.Iyi gahunda yo gutekereza imbere yo gucunga imyanda yatangiye mu myaka ya za 1980 ubwo imyumvire yo gukenera ubundi buryo bwo kumena imyanda yatangiye kwiyongera hakiri kare kuruta mu bindi bihugu.Habuze ahantu hashobora kujugunywa ndetse no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije mu baturage muri rusange.

Inzitizi nyinshi z’ahantu hajugunywa imyanda - impumuro, umwanda w’ubutaka, kwanduza amazi y’ubutaka - byatumye Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubuholandi yemeza icyifuzo gitangiza uburyo burambye bwo gucunga imyanda.

Ntamuntu numwe ushobora gushiraho isoko rishya ryo gutunganya imyanda mukuzamura imyumvire gusa.Hoogendoorn avuga ko icyagaragaye ko ari cyo cyemezo gikomeye mu Buholandi, ari amabwiriza yashyizwe mu bikorwa na guverinoma nka 'Urwego rwa Lansink'.Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho intego zo gutunganya imyanda itandukanye y’imyanda itandukanye, nk’imyanda kama, imyanda iteje akaga n’ubwubatsi n’imyanda yo gusenya.Gutangiza umusoro kuri buri toni y'ibikoresho byujujwe byari ingenzi kuko byahaye amasosiyete atunganya imyanda gushishikarira gushakisha ubundi buryo - nko gutwika no gutunganya ibicuruzwa - kubera ko ubu byari byiza cyane mu bijyanye n'amafaranga.

Hoogendoorn agira ati: 'Isoko ry'imyanda ni ibihimbano.'Hatabayeho gahunda y'amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga ibikoresho by'imyanda igisubizo cyaba ari ikibanza cyo kujugunya imyanda hanze y'umujyi bajyamo imyanda yose.Kubera ko ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura zashyizweho hakiri kare mu Buholandi hari amahirwe kubakoze ibirenze gutwara imodoka zabo aho bajugunywe.Amasosiyete atunganya imyanda akeneye ibyiringiro kugirango atezimbere ibikorwa byunguka, kandi imyanda ikora nkamazi kugera hasi - ni ukuvuga bihendutse - ingingo.Ariko, hamwe ningingo ziteganijwe kandi zibuza imisoro, urashobora kubahiriza urwego rwiza rwo gutunganya imyanda.Isoko rizakora akazi karyo, mu gihe hari politiki ihamye kandi yizewe. 'Imyanda y’imyanda mu Buholandi kuri ubu igura hafi € 35 kuri toni, hiyongereyeho andi € 87 y’umusoro niba iyo myanda ishobora gutwikwa, yose ihenze kuruta gutwika.Hoogendoorn agira ati: 'Mu buryo butunguranye, gutwika ni ubundi buryo bushimishije.''Niba udahaye ibyo byiringiro isosiyete itwika imyanda, bazavuga bati: "iki, utekereza ko nasaze?"Ariko nibabona ko guverinoma ishyira amafaranga yabo aho umunwa uri, bazavuga bati: "Nshobora kubaka itanura ryayo mafaranga."Guverinoma ishyiraho ibipimo, twuzuza ibisobanuro birambuye. '

Hoogendoorn azi ibyamubayeho mu nganda, kandi akabyumva ku banyamuryango be, ko amasosiyete atunganya imyanda yo mu Buholandi akunze kwiyegereza cyane kugira ngo akemure no gutunganya imyanda ku isi.Ibi byerekana ko politiki ya leta ari ikintu gikomeye.Agira ati: 'Ibigo ntibizavuga "yego" nkibyo. "'Bakeneye ibyiringiro byo kubona inyungu mu gihe kirekire, bityo bazahora bashaka kumenya niba abashyiraho amategeko bazi neza ko gahunda igomba guhinduka, kandi niba nabo biteguye guhindura ubwo bumenyi mu mategeko, amabwiriza ndetse n’imari ingamba. 'Iyo urwo rwego rumaze gushyirwaho, amasosiyete yo mu Buholandi arashobora kwinjiramo.

Ariko, Hoogendoorn biragoye gusobanura neza ibigize ubumenyi bwikigo.'Ugomba gushobora gukusanya imyanda - ntabwo arikintu ushobora gukora nkakazi kongerewe.Kubera ko tumaze igihe kinini dukoresha sisitemu yacu mu Buholandi, dushobora gufasha ibihugu gutangira. '

'Ntabwo uva gusa mu myanda ujya gutunganya.Ntabwo arikintu gishobora gutegurwa kuva kumunsi umwe kugeza kumunsi mugura imodoka 14 zo gukusanya.Mugihe ufata ingamba zo kongera gutandukana kumasoko urashobora kwemeza ko imyanda mike kandi mike ijya ahajugunywe imyanda.Noneho ugomba kumenya icyo ugiye gukora hamwe nibikoresho.Niba ukusanyije ibirahure, ugomba kubona uruganda rutunganya ibirahure.Mu Buholandi, twize inzira igoye akamaro ko kwemeza ko urwego rwose rw'ibikoresho rufite umuyaga mwinshi.Twahuye n'ikibazo mu myaka mike ishize hamwe na plastiki: umubare muto w'amakomine yakusanyije plastiki, ariko muri kiriya gihe nta ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho rwakurikiyeho kugira ngo rutunganyirize ibyari byakusanyijwe. '

Guverinoma z’amahanga n’ubufatanye bwa Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo barashobora gukorana n’ibigo by’ubujyanama by’Ubuholandi kugira ngo hashyizweho urwego rwiza.Ibigo nka Royal Haskoning, Tebodin, Grontmij na DHV byohereza ubumenyi nubuhanga mubuholandi kwisi yose.Nkuko Hoogendoorn abisobanura: 'Bafasha gushyiraho gahunda rusange igaragaza uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kongera buhoro buhoro gucunga imyanda no gutunganya imyanda no gukuraho imyanda ifunguye hamwe na sisitemu yo gukusanya bidahagije.'

Izi sosiyete ninzobere mugusuzuma ibifatika nibitari ukuri.'Byose bijyanye no gushyiraho ibyiringiro, bityo rero ugomba kubanza kubaka ahantu henshi hajugunywe hagamijwe kurengera ibidukikije n’ubuzima rusange kandi buhoro buhoro ugahita ufata ingamba zifasha gushishikariza gutunganya ibicuruzwa.'

Amasosiyete yo mu Buholandi aracyafite kujya mu mahanga kugura ibicanwa, ariko urwego rw’amabwiriza mu Buholandi rwabyaye inganda zikora inganda zishingiye ku buhanga nko gutondeka no gufumbira.Ibigo nka Gicom en Orgaworld bigurisha ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe nudukoko twangiza ibinyabuzima ku isi, mugihe Bollegraaf na Bakker Magnetics bayobora ibigo bitondekanya.

Nkuko Hoogendoorn abigaragaza neza: 'Ibi bitekerezo bitinyutse birahari kubera ko leta ifata ibyago bimwe na bimwe itanga inkunga.'

VARThe isosiyete itunganya ibicuruzwa VAR nuyoboye tekinoroji yo gutunganya imyanda.Umuyobozi Hannet de Vries avuga ko iyi sosiyete ikura ku muvuduko mwinshi.Icyiyongereyeho ni imyanda ya fermentation yimyanda, itanga amashanyarazi ava mumyanda ishingiye ku mboga.Kwiyubaka gushya bitwara miliyoni 11 €.De Vries agira ati: 'Byari igishoro gikomeye kuri twe.'Ariko turashaka kuguma ku isonga mu guhanga udushya.'

Ikibanza ntakindi cyari nko guta imyanda ya komine ya Voorst.Imyanda yajugunywe hano imisozi ihinduka buhoro buhoro.Hano hari urusyo, ariko ntakindi.Mu 1983, komine yagurishije ubwo butaka, bituma hashyirwaho imwe mu nyubako za mbere zajugunywe imyanda.Mu myaka yakurikiyeho VAR yagiye ikura buhoro buhoro kuva aho bajugunywe imyanda iba sosiyete itunganya ibicuruzwa, ishishikarizwa n’amategeko mashya yabuzaga kujugunya imyanda myinshi kandi itandukanye.Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza no kwamamaza PR, Gert Klein agira ati: 'Habayeho imikoranire ishimishije hagati ya guverinoma y'Ubuholandi n'inganda zitunganya imyanda.''Twashoboye gukora byinshi kandi byinshi kandi amategeko yarahinduwe.Twakomeje guteza imbere sosiyete icyarimwe. 'Gusa imisozi imaze gukura ikomeza kwibutswa ko hari ahahoze hajugunywa aha hantu.

VAR ubu ni isosiyete yuzuye itunganya ibicuruzwa ifite ibice bitanu: amabuye y'agaciro, gutondeka, ibinyabuzima, ingufu nubuhanga.Iyi miterere ishingiye ku bwoko bwibikorwa (gutondeka), ibikoresho bivurwa (minerval, biogenic) nibicuruzwa byanyuma (ingufu).De Vries avuga ko amaherezo, nubwo, byose biza ku kintu kimwe.'Twabonye imyanda hafi ya yose yinjira hano, harimo inyubako zivanze no gusenya, biomass, ibyuma n'ubutaka bwanduye, kandi hafi ya byose bigurishwa nyuma yo gutunganywa - nka granulike ya pulasitike ku nganda, ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ubutaka bwera, n'imbaraga, kuvuga izina ariko ingero nke. '

De Vries avuga ati: 'Ntakibazo umukiriya yazanye, turagitondagura, tukagisukura kandi tugatunganya ibintu bisigaye mu bintu bishya bishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibiti bya beto, ubutaka bwera, fluff, ifumbire mvaruganda: birashoboka ko bitagira iherezo. '

Gazi ya metani yaka ikurwa kurubuga rwa VAR hamwe nintumwa zamahanga - nkitsinda riherutse kuva muri Afrika yepfo - basura VAR buri gihe.De Vries agira ati: 'Bashishikajwe cyane no gukuramo gaze.Sisitemu y'imiyoboro yo mumisozi amaherezo itwara gaze kuri generator ihindura gaze mumashanyarazi ahwanye ningo 1400. 'Bidatinze, iyubakwa ry’imyanda kama yubaka fermentation nayo izabyara amashanyarazi, ariko biva kuri biomass aho.Toni y’ibice byiza bishingiye ku mboga bizabura ogisijeni ikora gaze metani itanga amashanyarazi ahinduka amashanyarazi.Kwiyubaka birihariye kandi bizafasha VAR kugera ku cyifuzo cyayo cyo kuba sosiyete itabogamye ingufu muri 2009.

Gert Klein avuga ko intumwa zisura VAR ziza ahanini ku bintu bibiri.'Abashyitsi baturutse mu bihugu bifite sisitemu yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byateye imbere bashishikajwe n'ubuhanga bwacu bwo gutandukanya kijyambere.Intumwa zituruka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere zishishikajwe cyane no kubona imishinga yacu y'ubucuruzi - ahantu imyanda yose yinjira - uhereye hafi.Bahise bashishikazwa no guta imyanda ifite ibifuniko bifunze neza hejuru no hepfo, hamwe na sisitemu yumvikana yo gukuramo gaze metani.Urwo ni rwo rufatiro, kandi ukomereza aho. '

Bammens Mu Buholandi, ubu ntibishoboka kwiyumvisha ahantu hatabitswe imyanda yo mu kuzimu, cyane cyane hagati mu mijyi aho ibintu byinshi biri hejuru y’ubutaka byasimbujwe udusanduku duto tw’inkingi abaturage bashobora kwita ku bidukikije bashobora gushyiramo impapuro, ibirahuri, ibikoresho bya pulasitike na PET (polyethylene terephthalate) amacupa.

Rens Dekkers ukora mu kwamamaza no mu itumanaho agira ati: “Bammens yakoze ibikoresho byo mu kuzimu kuva mu 1995. 'Usibye kuba bishimishije mu buryo bwiza, ibikoresho byo mu kuzimu byo mu kuzimu nabyo bifite isuku cyane kuko imbeba idashobora kubinjiramo.'Sisitemu ikora neza kuko buri kintu gishobora gufata imyanda igera kuri 5m3, bivuze ko ishobora gusibanganywa kenshi.

Igisekuru gishya gifite ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Dekkers agira ati: 'Umukoresha noneho ahabwa uburyo bwo gukoresha sisitemu akoresheje pasiporo kandi ashobora gusoreshwa bitewe ninshuro ashyira imyanda muri kontineri.'Bammens yohereza hanze sisitemu yo munsi yabisabwe nkigikoresho cyoroshye-guteranya ibikoresho hafi mubihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

SitaAnyone wese ugura DVD yafata amajwi cyangwa televiziyo yagutse nayo yakira umubare munini wa Styrofoam, ikenewe kurinda ibikoresho.Styrofoam (yaguye polystirene cyangwa EPS), hamwe numwuka mwinshi mwinshi wafashwe, nayo ifite imitungo myiza yo gukingira, niyo mpamvu ikoreshwa mubwubatsi.Mu Buholandi toni 11.500 (toni 10.432) za EPS ziraboneka kugirango zikoreshwe buri mwaka.Gutunganya imyanda Sita ikusanya EPS mu nganda zubaka, ndetse no mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byera n’ibicuruzwa byijimye.Vincent Mooij ukomoka muri Sita agira ati: 'Turayigabanyamo uduce duto tuyivanga hamwe na Styrofoam nshya, ituma ikoreshwa neza 100% nta gutakaza ubuziranenge.'Imikoreshereze mishya yihariye ikubiyemo guhuza EPS ya kabiri no kuyitunganya muri 'Geo-Blocks'.Mooij agira ati: 'Ibyo ni amasahani afite ubunini bugera kuri metero eshanu kuri metero imwe ikoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'umuhanda aho kuba umucanga.'Iyi nzira nibyiza kubidukikije no kugenda.Isahani ya Geo-Block ikoreshwa mubindi bihugu, ariko Ubuholandi nicyo gihugu cyonyine aho Styrofoam ishaje ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo.

NihotNihot ikora imashini zitondagura imyanda ishobora gutandukanya imyanda ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwose rwukuri hagati ya 95% na 98%.Ubwoko bwose bwibintu, kuva mubirahuri nibice byimyanda kugeza kumubumbyi, bifite ubwinshi bwabyo hamwe numuyaga uyobora umuyaga ukoreshwa kubitandukanya bituma buri gice kirangirana nibindi bice byubwoko bumwe.Nihot yubaka ibice binini, bihagaze, kimwe na bito, bigendanwa nka SDS 500 nshya na 650 bitandukanya ingoma imwe.Korohereza ibi bice bituma biba byiza kubikorwa kurubuga, nko mugihe cyo gusenya inyubako yamagorofa, kubera ko imyanda ishobora gutondekwa aho kuyitwara aho kuyitunganya.

Guverinoma za Vista-Kumurongo, kuva mu gihugu kugeza mu karere, zashyizeho ibisabwa kugirango imiterere rusange y’ahantu hahurira abantu bose kuva imyanda n’amazi y’amazi kugeza ku rubura ku mihanda.Isosiyete yo mu Buholandi Vista-Online itanga ibikoresho byoroha cyane kandi byihuse kugenzura niba ibyo bisabwa byubahirizwa.Abagenzuzi bahabwa terefone yubwenge kugirango bamenyeshe uko urubuga rumeze mugihe nyacyo.Amakuru yoherejwe kuri seriveri hanyuma azagaragara vuba kurubuga rwa Vista-Online aho umukiriya ahabwa kode yihariye yo kwinjira.Ibyatanzwe noneho birahita biboneka kandi byateguwe neza, kandi gukusanya umwanya wo gukusanya ibyavuye mubugenzuzi ntibikiri ngombwa.Ikirenzeho, kugenzura kumurongo birinda ikiguzi nigihe gisabwa kugirango ushyireho sisitemu ya ICT.Vista-Online ikorera abayobozi bo mu nzego z'ibanze ndetse n’igihugu mu Buholandi no mu mahanga, harimo n’ikigo cy’indege cya Manchester mu Bwongereza.

BollegraafPre-gutondagura imyanda yumvikana nkigitekerezo cyiza, ariko ubwinshi bwubwikorezi burashobora kuba bwinshi.Kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bya lisansi n'imihanda nyabagendwa bishimangira ibibi bya sisitemu.Bollegraaf rero yatangije igisubizo muri Amerika, ndetse no muburayi no: gutondeka umurongo umwe.Imyanda yose yumye - impapuro, ikirahure, amabati, plastike hamwe nudupapuro twa tetra - birashobora gushirwa mubikorwa bya Bollegraaf byo gutondekanya imigezi imwe.Kurenga 95% by'imyanda noneho ihita itandukana hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye.Guhuriza hamwe tekinoroji iriho mubikoresho bimwe nibyo bituma umurongo umwe utondekanya umwihariko.Igice gifite ubushobozi bwa toni 40 (toni 36.3) mu isaha.Tumubajije uko Bollegraaf yazanye icyo gitekerezo, umuyobozi na nyirayo Heiman Bollegraaf agira ati: 'Twakiriye neza isoko.Kuva icyo gihe, twatanze ibice bigera kuri 50 byo gutondekanya umurongo umwe muri Amerika, kandi duherutse gukinira bwa mbere i Burayi, mu Bwongereza.Twasinyanye kandi n’abakiriya mu Bufaransa no muri Ositaraliya. '