Mu myaka iri imbere, PET yongeye gukoreshwa hamwe na polyolefine birashoboka ko igomba gukomeza guhangana na plastiki zihenze zihenze.Ariko amasoko asakaye nayo azagerwaho na politiki ya leta idashidikanywaho hamwe nicyemezo cya nyiri ibicuruzwa.
Ibyo byari ibintu bibiri byakuwe mu nama y’amasoko ngarukamwaka mu nama n’imyidagaduro y’ubucuruzi ya Plastiki ya 2019, yabaye muri Werurwe i National Harbour, Md.Mu nama rusange, Joel Morales na Tison Keel, bombi bagize ikigo ngishwanama IHS Markit, baganiriye. imbaraga z'isoko kuri plastiki yisugi anasobanura uburyo ibyo bintu bizotsa igitutu ibiciro byagaruwe.
Muganira ku masoko ya PET, Keel yakoresheje amashusho yibintu byinshi bihuza kugirango habeho umuyaga mwiza.
Keel yabwiye imbaga ati: "Byari isoko ry'abagurisha muri 2018 kubera impamvu nyinshi dushobora kuganira, ariko twongeye gusubira ku isoko ry'abaguzi."Ati: “Ariko ikibazo nibaza ubwanjye kandi twese tugomba kwibaza ni iki: 'Ni uruhe ruhare gutunganya ibicuruzwa bizagira uruhare muri ibyo?Niba hagiye kuba ibihe by'imvura y'amahindu, gutunganya ibicuruzwa bizafasha gutuza amazi, cyangwa bizatuma amazi… ashobora guhungabana? '”
Morales na Keel bemeje kandi ibintu byinshi bigoye guhanura, harimo politiki irambye ya guverinoma, ibyemezo byo kugura nyir'ibicuruzwa, tekinoroji yo gutunganya imiti n'ibindi.
Bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byaganiriweho mu kiganiro cy'uyu mwaka byagarutsweho n'abashakashatsi mu nama mu birori bya 2018.
Ku buryo butandukanye, mu mpera z'ukwezi gushize, ivugurura rya Plastike ryanditse ku kiganiro cyatanzwe na Chris Cui, umuyobozi wa Porogaramu ishinzwe Ubushinwa ku bafatanyabikorwa bafunzwe.Yaganiriye ku mikorere y'isoko n'amahirwe y'ubufatanye mu bucuruzi hagati y'Ubushinwa na Amerika
Polyethylene: Morales yasobanuye uburyo iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gucukura ibicanwa biva mu kirere mu gihe cyagenwe cya 2008 byatumye umusaruro wiyongera ndetse n’ibiciro bya gaze gasanzwe.Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruganda rukora peteroli rwashora imari mu nganda zo gukora PE.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa polyolefine muri Amerika ya Ruguru, Morales yagize ati: "Habayeho ishoramari rikomeye mu ruhererekane rwa polyethylene rushingiye ku biteganijwe bihendutse kuri Ethane, ikaba ari amazi ya gaze gasanzwe."Ingamba zihishe inyuma yishoramari kwari kohereza hanze isugi PE muri Amerika
Yavuze ko inyungu z’ibiciro bya gaze karemano kuri peteroli zagabanutse kuva, ariko IHS Markit iracyahanura ibyiza biri imbere.
Muri 2017 na 2018, isi ikeneye PE, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa, yariyongereye.Yavuze ko byatewe n’uko Ubushinwa bwabuzaga ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byagarutsweho, ndetse na politiki y’igihugu yo gukoresha gaze karemano yaka cyane kugira ngo ishyushye (aba nyuma bohereje icyifuzo cya miyoboro ya HDPE mu gisenge).Kuva icyo gihe, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibisabwa wagabanutse, Morales yavuze, ariko biteganijwe ko uzakomeza gushikama.
Yibanze ku ntambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa, avuga ko imisoro y’Ubushinwa kuri plastiki ya mbere y’Amerika ari “icyago ku bakora inganda za polyethylene.”IHS Markit ivuga ko kuva ku ya 23 Kanama, igihe imirimo yatangiraga gukurikizwa, abayikora batakaje igiceri cya 3-5 kuri pound kuri buri pound batanga, bikagabanuka ku nyungu.Uru ruganda ruri mu iteganya ko ibiciro bizakurwaho muri 2020.
Umwaka ushize, icyifuzo cya PE cyari kinini muri Amerika, bitewe nigiciro gito cya plastiki, kuzamuka kwinshi muri rusange muri rusange, Made in America ubukangurambaga n’amahoro ashyigikira abahindura ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, isoko rikomeye ry’imiyoboro kubera ishoramari rya peteroli, Inkubi y'umuyaga Harvey itwara imiyoboro. Morales yavuze ko, yazamuye PE mu guhangana na PET na PP ndetse n’amategeko agenga imisoro ashyigikira ishoramari ry’imashini.
Ati: "Dutegereje umusaruro wambere, 2019 uzaba umwaka usabwa kugira ngo ugere ku isoko," bivuze ko ibiciro bishobora kuba byageze hasi.Ariko nanone ntibateganijwe kuzamuka cyane.Muri 2020, indi ntera yubushobozi bwibihingwa biza kumurongo, bigatuma itangwa rirenze ibyifuzo byateganijwe.
“Ibi bivuze iki?”Morales yabajije.Ati: "Urebye kugurisha-kugurisha, bivuze ko ubushobozi bwawe bwo kuzamura ibiciro no kugabanuka birashoboka.[Kugura] umuguzi wa resin, birashoboka ko ari igihe cyiza cyo kugura. ”
Yavuze ko amasoko ya pulasitiki yatunganijwe neza ari nk'ayagumye hagati.Yavuganye nabasubiramo ibicuruzwa byabo bigomba guhatanwa na bihendutse cyane, bitari mu rwego rwo hejuru-PE.Yizeye ko uburyo bwo kugurisha buguma ku murongo n'ubu.
Joel Morales, IHS Markit, yagize ati: “Habayeho ishoramari rikomeye mu ruhererekane rwa polyethylene rushingiye ku biteganijwe bihendutse bya Ethane, ni amazi ya gaze gasanzwe.”
Gukomera guhanura ni ingaruka za politiki ya guverinoma, nko guhagarika isi ku mifuka, ibyatsi n'ibindi bintu bikoreshwa rimwe.Yavuze ko urugendo rurambye rushobora kugabanya ibyifuzo by’ibisigazwa, ariko nanone bishobora gutuma bamwe bakenera imiti ifite amahirwe ajyanye no gutunganya ibicuruzwa.
Kurugero, amategeko yimifuka ya Californiya abuza imifuka yoroheje yatumye abayitunganya bongera umusaruro mwinshi.Ubutumwa IHS Markit yabonye ni abaguzi, aho koza no gukoresha imifuka minini inshuro nyinshi, barayikoresha kuko imyanda ishobora gutondekwa, nyamara.Ati: "Rero, muri icyo gihe, gutunganya ibicuruzwa byongereye polyethylene".
Avuga ko ahandi, nko muri Arijantine, guhagarika imifuka byagabanije ubucuruzi ku bakora inkumi za PE ariko bikazamura ingufu ku bakora uruganda rwa PP, bagurisha plastike ku mifuka ya PP idoda.
Polypropilene: PP yabaye isoko rikomeye kuva kera ariko itangiye kuringaniza, Morales yavuze.Muri Amerika ya Ruguru umwaka ushize, abayikora ntibashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bihagije kugirango bahaze ibyifuzo, nyamara isoko iracyazamuka kuri 3%.Yavuze ko ari ukubera ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byujuje icyuho cy’ibisabwa hafi 10 ku ijana.
Yavuze ko ariko ubusumbane bugomba kugabanuka no kongera ibicuruzwa mu mwaka wa 2019. Kuri umwe, muri Mutarama ntihabaye “ubukonje bukabije” muri Mutarama ku nkombe z'Ikigobe nko muri 2018, kandi itangwa rya propylene y'ibiryo ryiyongereye.Na none, abakora PP bashakishije uburyo bwo guca intege no kongera umusaruro.IHS Markit imishinga igera kuri miliyari imwe yama pound yumusaruro uza kumurongo muri Amerika ya ruguru.Nkigisubizo, bategereje kubona igabanuka ryibiciro biri hagati ya PP yo mu Bushinwa ihendutse na PP yo mu gihugu.
Morales yagize ati: "Nzi ko ari ikibazo ku bantu bamwe na bamwe basubiramo ibintu, kubera ko, ubu, PP yagutse cyane hamwe na PP isagutse cyane PP igaragara ku biciro ndetse n'ahantu ushobora kuba wakoraga ubucuruzi."Ati: “Birashoboka ko ibyo bizaba ari ibidukikije uzahura nabyo muri 2019.”
Umuyobozi mukuru wa PET, PTA na EO ibikomoka kuri Keel, yatangaje ko Isugi PET hamwe n’imiti ijyamo bitangwa cyane nka PE.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, yabwiye abari aho ati: "ntibisobanutse na gato ninde uzatsindira abatsinzwe mu bucuruzi bwa PET bwongeye gukoreshwa".
Kwisi yose, isugi PET isabwa ni 78 ku ijana yubushobozi bwo gukora.Keel yavuze ko mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bya polymers, niba ibisabwa bitarenze 85 ku ijana, isoko rishobora kuba ryuzuye, ku buryo bigoye kubona inyungu.
Ati: "Urubanza rwiza ni ikiguzi cyo gukora RPET igiye kuba nziza, ishobora kuba myinshi.Ibyo ari byo byose, birarenze igiciro cyinkumi PET.Ese abakoresha RPET, bashyira hanze intego nziza zifuzwa mu bicuruzwa byabo, baziteguye kwishyura ibi biciro biri hejuru? ”- Tison Keel, Ikimenyetso cya IHS
Ibikenerwa mu gihugu birasa neza.Keel yavuze ko isoko ry’ibinyobwa bya karubone rigabanuka ariko amacupa y’amazi arahagije kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke.
Ubusumbane bwibisabwa-buteganijwe kuzarushaho kwiyongera hamwe nubushobozi bw’inyongera buza ku murongo.Ati: "Ibyo tuza mu myaka ibiri iri imbere ni inyubako nini cyane".
Keel yavuze ko abakora ibicuruzwa badakora mu buryo budashyize mu gaciro kandi yasabye ko bagomba guhagarika ubushobozi bw’umusaruro kugira ngo ibicuruzwa n'ibisabwa bibe byiza;ariko, ntanumwe watangaje gahunda yo kubikora.Uruganda rukora imiti mu Butaliyani Mossi Ghisolfi (M&G) rwagerageje kubaka inzira yo kuva mu bihe byubaka uruganda runini rwa PET na PTA i Corpus Christi, muri Texas, ariko amafaranga make ndetse n’ibiciro by’umushinga byarohamye iyi sosiyete mu mpera za 2017. Umushinga uhuriweho witwa Corpus Christi Polymers yemeye kugura umushinga no kuwuzana kumurongo.
Keel yavuze ko ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byongereye ibiciro biri hasi.Amerika yagiye itumiza mu mahanga byinshi kandi byingenzi PET.Abakora ibicuruzwa mu gihugu bagerageje guhagarika amarushanwa y’amahanga n’ibirego byo kurwanya guta imyanda byashyikirijwe guverinoma.Yavuze ko imirimo yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa byahinduye inkomoko ya PET y’ibanze - yagabanije umubare uturuka mu Bushinwa, ariko ntiwashoboye kugabanya uburemere rusange bugera ku byambu bya Amerika.
Keel yavuze ko muri rusange ishusho y'ibisabwa bizasobanura ko ibiciro by'isugi bikomeje kuba bike mu myaka iri imbere.Nibibazo byugarije PET.
Yavuze ko abakora amacupa yo mu rwego rwa RPET biteganijwe ko bafite igiciro cyagenwe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa byabo.
Keel yagize ati: "Urubanza rwiza ni ikiguzi cyo gukora RPET igiye kuba nziza, ishobora kuba myinshi"."Ibyo ari byo byose, birarenze igiciro cy'isugi PET.Ese abakoresha RPET, bashyira hanze intego nziza cyane yibintu bitunganijwe neza muri kontineri zabo, bazemera kwishyura ibi biciro biri hejuru?Simvuze ko batazabikora.Amateka, muri Amerika ya ruguru, ntabwo.Mu Burayi, ubu bafite impamvu nyinshi - mu buryo butandukanye cyane n'abashoferi bo muri Amerika Ariko iki ni ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye gusubizwa. ”
Keel yavuze ko ku bijyanye no gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu icupa kugeza ku icupa, indi mbogamizi ku bicuruzwa by’ibinyobwa ni ubushake “butagira epfo na ruguru” buturuka mu nganda za fibre kuri RPET.Urwo ruganda rutwara ibirenze bitatu bya kane bya RPET ikorwa buri mwaka.Yavuze ko umushoferi ari ikiguzi gusa: Birahendutse cyane gukora fibre fibre ivuye muri PET yagaruwe kuruta ibikoresho by'isugi.
Iterambere rigaragara kugirango turebe ninganda zambere za PET zihuza imbaraga zo gutunganya imashini.Nkurugero, uyumwaka DAK Amerika yaguze Perpetual Recycling Solutions PET yongeye gutunganya muri Indiana, naho Indorama Ventures yaguze uruganda rwa Custom Polymers PET muri Alabama.Keel yagize ati: "Natungurwa niba tutabonye byinshi muri iki gikorwa."
Keel yavuze ko ba nyir'ubwite bashya bashobora kugaburira flake isukuye mu bikoresho byabo byashizwemo kugira ngo bashobore guha ba nyir'ibicuruzwa pellet ikoreshwa neza.Yavuze ko ibyo, mu gihe gito, byagabanya umubare w’amacupa yo mu rwego rwa RPET ku isoko ry’abacuruzi.
Ibigo bya peteroli na byo bishora imari muri tekinoroji ya depolymerisation yo gusiba PET.Urugero, Indorama, yafatanije na PET itangiza imiti itangiza iburayi ndetse no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.Keel yahanuye ko ubwo buryo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, niba bishoboka mu buryo bwa tekiniki n'ubukungu, bishobora guhungabanya isoko rikomeye mu myaka 8 kugeza ku myaka 10, nk'uko Keel yabihanuye.
Keel yavuze ko ariko ikibazo gikomeje kuba igipimo gito cyo gukusanya PET muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, cyane cyane Amerika.Raporo ngarukamwaka yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe umutungo wa PET (NAPCOR) n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyanda ya plastike (APR), ivuga ko mu 2017, hafi 29.2 ku ijana by’amacupa ya PET yagurishijwe muri Amerika yakusanyirijwe mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa.Kugereranya, igipimo cyagereranijwe kuri 58 ku ijana muri 2017.
Ati: "Nigute tuzuzuza ibisabwa bitangwa na ba nyir'ibicuruzwa mugihe ibiciro byo gukusanya biri hasi cyane, kandi tuzabibona dute?"abaza.“Nta gisubizo mfite kuri ibyo.”
Abajijwe ibijyanye n'amategeko yo kubitsa, Keel yavuze ko atekereza ko bakora neza mu gukumira imyanda, kuzamura icyegeranyo no kubyara imipira yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Mu bihe byashize, abafite ibirango by’ibinyobwa barabyamaganye, ariko, kubera ko amafaranga y’inyongera yishyuwe n’umuguzi kuri rejisitiri agabanya ibicuruzwa muri rusange.
Ati: "Ntabwo nzi neza ko aho abafite ibicuruzwa bikomeye bakomoka kuri politiki ku mategeko yo kubitsa.Mu mateka, barwanyije amategeko yo kubitsa ”.Sinshobora kuvuga ko niba bazakomeza kubirwanya cyangwa batazakomeza. ”
Buri gihembwe icapiro rya Plastics Recycling Ivugurura ritanga amakuru yihariye nisesengura bizafasha kuzamura ibikorwa byo gutunganya plastiki.Iyandikishe uyumunsi kugirango umenye neza ko uyakira murugo cyangwa mu biro.
Umuyobozi wa kimwe mu bucuruzi bukomeye bw’amazi y’amacupa ku isi aherutse gusobanura ingamba z’isosiyete ikora neza, avuga ko ishyigikiye amategeko abitsa n’izindi ntambwe zo kuzamura ibicuruzwa.
Isosiyete ikora imiti ku isi Eastman yashyize ahagaragara uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bisenya polymers mu myuka ikoreshwa mu gukora imiti.Ubu irashaka abayitanga.
Umurongo mushya wo gutunganya ibintu bizafasha kubyara ibiryo-guhuza RPET hafi yinkomoko yanduye hafi: amacupa yatowe mumyanda.
Abashyigikiye umushinga wa plastiki-kuri-lisansi muri Indiana batangaje ko bitegura gusenya ikigo cy’ubucuruzi gifite agaciro ka miliyoni 260.
Igiciro cya HDPE karemano cyakomeje kugabanuka none cyicaye munsi yumwanya wacyo hashize umwaka, ariko byagarutsweho PET byagumye bihoraho.
Isosiyete ikora imyenda ku isi H&M yakoresheje ihwanye na miliyoni 325 z'amacupa ya PET muri polyester yongeye gukoreshwa mu mwaka ushize, cyane cyane ugereranije n'umwaka wabanjirije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-23-2019