Gukomatanya kaseti ikozwe neza, kurengerwa no gufunga ifishi, herone itanga igice kimwe, cyuma-cyuma kinini-cyuma-cyerekanwa nkicyerekezo cyagutse cya porogaramu.
Ibikoresho-bigizwe nibikoresho-bigendanwa.Herone akoresha kaseti ya thermoplastique igizwe na kaseti ya prereg nka preforms yuburyo bukomatanya driveshaft laminate kandi ikarenga ibintu bikora nkibikoresho, bitanga ibikoresho bigabanya kugabanya ibiro, kubara igice, igihe cyo guterana nigiciro.Inkomoko y'amashusho yose |herone
Ibiteganijwe ubu birasaba gukuba kabiri amato yindege yubucuruzi mumyaka 20 iri imbere.Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, ibiciro by’umusaruro muri 2019 kuri jetliners yibanda cyane kuri buri muntu biratandukanye kuva 10 kugeza 14 buri kwezi kuri OEM, mugihe ibimamara bimaze kwiyongera kugera kuri 60 kukwezi kuri OEM.Airbus ikorana nabatanga isoko kugirango bahindure ibice gakondo ariko bitwara igihe, ibice byateguwe mbere ya A320 kubice bikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihuse, bwiminota 20 bwigihe cyigihe nkumuvuduko ukabije wa resin yoherejwe (HP-RTM), bityo bigafasha igice abatanga isoko bahura no gusunika indege 100 buri kwezi.Hagati aho, isoko ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’isoko ryo gutwara abantu rirateganya ko hakenewe indege 3.000 zihagarara mu guhaguruka no guhaguruka (EVTOL) ku mwaka (250 ku kwezi).
Daniel Barfuss, umwe mu bashinze imishinga ya herone (Dresden, mu Budage), yagize ati: "Inganda zisaba ikoranabuhanga ryakozwe mu buryo bwikora hamwe n’igihe gito cyagenwe nacyo cyemerera guhuza imirimo, itangwa n’ibikoresho bya thermoplastique". firime ikoresha ibikoresho bya matrike ikora cyane kuva polifhenylenesulfide (PPS) kugeza polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) na polyaryletherketone (PAEK).Dr. Christian Garthaus, uwashinze umuryango wa kabiri wa herone akaba n'umuyobozi wa Dr. Christian Garthaus yongeyeho ati: "Intego nyamukuru yacu ni uguhuza imikorere ihanitse ya thermoplastique (TPCs) hamwe nigiciro gito, kugirango dushoboze ibice byabugenewe kugirango habeho uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora no gukoresha ibintu bishya." umufatanyabikorwa.
Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, isosiyete yashyizeho uburyo bushya, itangirana na kaseti ya fibre yuzuye, ikomeza, ifata kaseti kugira ngo ikore preform ya “organoTube” no guhuza organoTubes mu mwirondoro ufite ibice bitandukanye byambukiranya imiterere.Muntambwe ikurikiraho, ikoresha gusudira hamwe nubushuhe bwa TPC kugirango ihuze ibintu bikora nkibikoresho byo guhuza ibikoresho kuri disiki, amaherezo ya fitingi kumiyoboro, cyangwa ibintu byohereza ibintu muburyo bwo guhagarika umutima.Barfuss yongeyeho ko hari uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvanga imvange - byakozwe na ketone matrix itanga ibikoresho bya Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) hamwe nuwatanze ibice Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, Amerika) - ikoresha ubushyuhe buke bwo gushonga PAEK kaseti kuri profil na PEEK kubirenzeho, bigafasha ibikoresho byahujwe, ikintu kimwe murwego rwo gufatanya (reba "Kurengana byagura intera ya PEEK mubihimbano").Yongeyeho ati: “Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere bituma kandi ifunga imiterere ya geometrike, itanga imiterere ihuriweho ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi.”
Inzira ya herone itangirana na karubone fibre yatewe neza na kaseti ya termoplastique ikozwe muri organoTubes hanyuma igahuzwa.Garthaus agira ati: "Twatangiye gukorana n'iyi organoTubes mu myaka 10 ishize, dutezimbere imiyoboro ya hydraulic ikomatanya indege."Asobanura ko kubera ko nta miyoboro ibiri y’indege hydraulic ifite geometrie imwe, hakenerwa ifu imwe kuri buri, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga risanzwe.Ati: “Twari dukeneye umuyoboro ushobora gutunganywa nyuma kugirango tugere kuri geometrie imwe.Igitekerezo rero cyari ugukora imyirondoro ikomeza hanyuma CNC ikayihuza muri geometrike yifuza. ”
Igishushanyo cya 2 Gufata kaseti ya prereg itanga ishusho ya net-form yitwa organoTubes kubikorwa byo gutera inshinge za herone kandi bigafasha gukora imiterere itandukanye.
Ibi bisa nkaho ibyo Sigma Precision Component (Hinckley, UK) ikora (reba “Gukosora aeroengine hamwe nu miyoboro ikomatanya”) hamwe na fibre ya karubone / kwambara moteri ya PEEK.Garthaus abisobanura agira ati: "Barimo kureba ibice bisa ariko bakoresha ubundi buryo bwo guhuriza hamwe."Ati: "Nukwegera kwacu, tubona ubushobozi bwo kongera imikorere, nko kuba munsi ya 2% yububiko bwindege."
Impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya Garthaus.imirimo ya theisis muri ILK yakoze ubushakashatsi ikoresheje pultrusion ikomeza ya termoplastique (TPC) kugirango itange imiyoboro ikozwemo, ibyo bikaba byaviriyemo uburyo bwo gukora bwa patenti bukomeza kububiko bwa TPC hamwe na profile.Ariko, kuri ubu, herone yahisemo gukorana nabatanga indege hamwe nabakiriya bakoresheje uburyo bwo kubumba.Asobanura agira ati: “Ibi biduha umudendezo wo gukora imiterere yose itandukanye, harimo imyirondoro yagoramye ndetse n'abafite ibice bitandukanye, ndetse no gukoresha ibice byaho ndetse n'ibisohoka.”Yakomeje agira ati: “Turimo gukora kugira ngo duhindure inzira yo guhuza ibice byaho hanyuma dufatanyirize hamwe hamwe n'umwirondoro.Ahanini, ikintu cyose ushobora gukora ukoresheje laminates hamwe n'ibisasu, dushobora gukora kubituba no kumwirondoro. ”
Garthaus avuga ko gukora iyi myirondoro ya TPC mu byukuri byari imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye.“Ntushobora gukoresha kashe cyangwa gushushanya-ukoresheje uruhago rwa silicone;bityo, twagombaga guteza imbere inzira nshya. ”Avuga ko ariko ubu buryo butuma imikorere ikora cyane kandi ikadoda kandi igashingira ku bice.Yashoboje kandi gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera bya Victrex yateje imbere, aho ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwo gushonga PAEK yarengewe na PEEK, igahuza organosheet hamwe no gutera inshinge intambwe imwe.
Ikindi kintu kigaragara cyo gukoresha organoTube ikozweho kaseti yerekana ko itanga imyanda mike cyane.Garthaus ashimangira agira ati: "Hamwe no gukata, dufite imyanda iri munsi ya 2%, kandi kubera ko ari kaseti ya TPC, dushobora gukoresha iyi myanda mike mu gihe cyo hejuru kugira ngo igipimo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho kigere ku 100%".
Barfuss na Garthaus batangiye imirimo yabo yiterambere nkabashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’ubuhanga bworoheje n’ikoranabuhanga rya Polymer (ILK) muri TU Dresden.Barfuss agira ati: “Iki ni kimwe mu bigo binini by’i Burayi bigizwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera byoroheje.”We na Garthaus bahakorera hafi imyaka 10 kubintu byinshi byateye imbere, harimo guhora kwa TPC guhora hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwinjiramo.Ako kazi amaherezo karashizwemo nubu tekinoroji ya herone ya TPC.
Barfuss agira ati: "Twahise dusaba gahunda yo mu Budage EXIST, igamije kohereza ikoranabuhanga nk'iryo mu nganda no gutera inkunga imishinga 40-60 buri mwaka mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubushakashatsi."Ati: "Twabonye inkunga y'ibikoresho by'ishoramari, abakozi bane n'ishoramari mu ntambwe ikurikira yo kwaguka."Bakoze herone muri Gicurasi 2018 nyuma yo kwerekana muri JEC World.
Muri JEC World 2019, herone yari yarakoze ibice bitandukanye byerekana, harimo urumuri ruto, rwinshi cyane, rukomatanya ibikoresho, cyangwa gare.Barfuss abisobanura agira ati: "Dukoresha karuboni fibre / PAEK kaseti ya organoTube ikozwe ku mfuruka zisabwa n'igice hanyuma tukayihuza mu muyoboro."Ati: "Twahise dushyushya umuyoboro kuri 200 ° C hanyuma tuwurenzaho ibikoresho bikozwe mu gutera inshinge ngufi za karuboni zongerewe ingufu kuri PEEK kuri 380 ° C."Kurengana byakozwe hakoreshejwe Moldflow Insight yo muri Autodesk (San Rafael, Calif., Amerika).Igihe cyo kuzuza ibicuruzwa cyashyizwe ku masegonda 40.5 kandi bigerwaho hifashishijwe imashini itera inshinge ya Arburg (Lossburg, Ubudage) ALLROUNDER.
Uku kurenza urugero ntigabanya gusa ikiguzi cyo guterana, intambwe zo gukora na logistique, ariko kandi byongera imikorere.Itandukaniro rya 40 ° C hagati yubushyuhe bwashushe bwa PAEK nigikoresho cya PEEK cyarengeje urugero gifasha guhuza gushonga guhuza byombi murwego rwa molekile.Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwo guhuza uburyo, gufunga ifishi, bigerwaho hifashishijwe igitutu cyo gutera inshinge icyarimwe icyarimwe cya shitingi mugihe cyo hejuru kugirango habeho ifunga-ifunga.Ibi birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1 hepfo nka "gutera inshinge".Irema umuzenguruko cyangwa sinusoidal umuzenguruko aho ibikoresho bifatanyirijwe hamwe nu ruziga ruzengurutse igice, bikavamo uburyo bwo gufunga geometrike.Ibi byongera imbaraga za gearshaft ihuriweho, nkuko bigaragara mugupima (reba igishushanyo hepfo iburyo) .Fig.1. Yatejwe imbere ku bufatanye na Victrex na ILK, herone akoresha igitutu cyo gutera inshinge mugihe cyo kurenga kugirango akore feri yo gufunga imiterere ya gearshaft (hejuru) .Iyi nzira yo gutera inshinge ituma ibyuma byinjizwamo bifunga ifunga (umurongo utoshye ku gishushanyo) kugeza komeza urumuri rurerure vuga hejuru ya gear-driveshaft idafite ifunga-ifunze (umurongo wumukara ku gishushanyo).
Garthaus agira ati: “Abantu benshi barimo kugera ku guhuza gushonga mu gihe cyo gukabya, kandi abandi bakoresha uburyo bwo gufunga ifumbire mvaruganda, ariko icyangombwa ni uguhuza byombi mu buryo bumwe, bwikora.”Asobanura ko ku bisubizo by'ibizamini ku gishushanyo cya 1, uruziga n'umuzenguruko wuzuye w'ibikoresho byafatanywe ukundi, hanyuma bikazunguruka kugira ngo bikore imitwaro.Kunanirwa kwambere kubishushanyo birangwa nuruziga kugirango yerekane ko ari kubikoresho bya PEEK birenze urugero nta gufunga.Kunanirwa kwa kabiri kurangwa nuruziga runyeganyega rusa ninyenyeri, byerekana igeragezwa ryibikoresho byashizwe hejuru hamwe no gufunga.Garthaus avuga ati: “Muri iki gihe, urafise uruhurirane kandi rufunze ifunga, kandi urongera hafi 44% umutwaro wa torque.”Avuga ko imbogamizi ubu ari ukubona ifunga-ifunga kugira ngo itware umutwaro hakiri kare kugira ngo urusheho kongera umuriro iyi gare izakemura mbere yo gutsindwa.
Ingingo y'ingenzi yerekeranye no gufunga imiterere ya konone buri muntu ageraho hamwe no gutera inshinge ni uko ihujwe rwose nigice cyihariye kandi imitwaro icyo gice igomba kwihanganira.Kurugero, muri gearshaft, ifunga-gufunga irazengurutse, ariko muri tension-compression imirongo hepfo, ni axial.Garthaus agira ati: “Iyi ni yo mpamvu ibyo twateje imbere ari inzira yagutse.Ati: "Uburyo duhuza imikorere n'ibice biterwa na buri muntu ku giti cye, ariko uko dushobora kubikora, niko uburemere ndetse nigiciro dushobora kuzigama."
Na none, bigufi-fibre ikomezwa ketone ikoreshwa mubintu byarengeje urugero nkibikoresho bitanga ibikoresho byiza byo kwambara.Victrex yabigaragaje kandi mubyukuri, igurisha iki kintu kubikoresho bya PEEK na PAEK.
Barfuss yerekana ko ibikoresho byahurijwe hamwe, byemejwe n’igihembo cya JEC World Innovation Award 2019 mu cyiciro cy’ikirere, ni "kwerekana uburyo bwacu, ntabwo ari inzira yibanda gusa kuri porogaramu imwe.Twifuzaga kumenya uburyo dushobora koroshya inganda no gukoresha imitungo ya TPC kugira ngo tubyare umusaruro ukorera hamwe. ”Kugeza ubu isosiyete irimo kunoza inkoni-compression inkoni, ikoreshwa mubisabwa nka struts.
Igishushanyo cya 3 Guhagarika umutima-Kwiyunvira Kwinjiza inshinge zongerewe kugeza kumurongo, aho herone arenga icyuma cyoherejwe cyuma cyimitwaro mugice cyimiterere akoresheje ifunga-gufunga kugirango yongere imbaraga.
Ikintu gikora kuri tension-compression struts nigice cyuma cyimbere cyimura imitwaro kuri no kuva kumyuma yicyuma kugeza kuri trube ikomatanya (reba ishusho hepfo).Gutera inshinge zikoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma byinjiza imitwaro muburyo bwimikorere.
Agira ati: "Inyungu nyamukuru dutanga ni ukugabanya umubare w'ibice".Ati: “Ibi byoroshya umunaniro, ni ikibazo gikomeye ku gukoresha indege.Ifunga-ifunga isanzwe ikoreshwa muri thermoset igizwe na plastiki cyangwa icyuma cyinjijwemo, ariko ntaho bihurira, kuburyo ushobora kubona urujya n'uruza hagati yibice.Uburyo bwacu ariko butanga imiterere ihuriweho nta kugenda. ”
Garthaus avuga kwihanganira ibyangiritse nkindi mbogamizi kuri ibi bice.Asobanura agira ati: “Ugomba guhindura imirongo hanyuma ugakora umunaniro.Ati: "Kubera ko dukoresha ibikoresho bya matrike ya termoplastique ikora cyane, dushobora kugera ku kigero cya 40% cyo kwihanganira ibyangiritse hamwe na thermosets, kandi na microcrake zose zituruka ku ngaruka zikura nke hamwe no gupakira umunaniro."
Nubwo imyiyerekano yerekana icyuma cyinjijwemo, herone muri iki gihe arimo gukora igisubizo-cyose cya termoplastique, gishobora guhuza ubumwe hagati yumubiri wimikorere hamwe nibintu bitangiza imitwaro.Garthaus agira ati: "Iyo tubishoboye, duhitamo kuguma hamwe kandi tugahindura imitungo duhindura ubwoko bwo kongera fibre, harimo karubone, ikirahure, fibre ikomeza kandi ngufi."Ati: “Muri ubu buryo, tugabanya ibibazo bigoye ndetse n'ibibazo by'imbere.Kurugero, dufite ibibazo bike cyane ugereranije no guhuza thermosets na thermoplastique. ”Byongeye kandi, isano iri hagati ya PAEK na PEEK yageragejwe na Tri-Mack ibisubizo byerekana ko ifite 85% byimbaraga zifatizo zidafite icyerekezo CF / PAEK laminate kandi ikubye kabiri inkwano zifatika ukoresheje inganda zisanzwe za epoxy.
Barfuss avuga ko ubu herone afite abakozi icyenda kandi ko avuye mu gutanga isoko ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga akajya gutanga ibice by'indege.Intambwe ikurikiraho ni iterambere ryuruganda rushya i Dresden.Agira ati: “Mu mpera za 2020 tuzaba dufite uruganda rw'icyitegererezo rutanga ibice bya mbere.”Ati: "Twari dusanzwe dukorana n'indege za OEM hamwe n'abashoramari bo mu cyiciro cya mbere, twerekana ibishushanyo mbonera by'ubwoko butandukanye."
Isosiyete ikorana kandi n’abatanga eVTOL hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye muri Amerika Mugihe herone ikuze isaba indege, iranagira ubunararibonye mu gukora ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa na siporo birimo ibibati n'ibigize amagare.Garthaus agira ati: "Ikoranabuhanga ryacu rirashobora gutanga ibice byinshi bigoye hamwe n'imikorere, igihe cyizunguruka hamwe ninyungu zibiciro"."Igihe cyacu cyo kuzenguruka dukoresheje PEEK ni iminota 20, ugereranije niminota 240 ukoresheje autoclave-yakize prereg.Turabona amahirwe menshi, ariko kuri ubu, icyo twibandaho ni ugushaka ibyifuzo byacu bya mbere mu musaruro no kwerekana agaciro k'ibyo bice ku isoko. ”
Herone azanerekana muri Carbon Fiber 2019. Wige byinshi kubyabaye kuri carbonefiberevent.com.
Yibanze ku gutezimbere amaboko gakondo, nacelle na thrust reverser abakora ijisho bareba ikoreshwa ryigihe kizaza no gufunga gufunga.
Sisitemu yintwaro yindege yunguka imikorere ya karubone / epoxy hamwe nuburyo bwo guhunika.
Uburyo bwo kubara ingaruka ibitera bigira kubidukikije bituma amakuru agereranwa nibikoresho gakondo kurwego rwo gukiniraho.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Kanama-19-2019