Gupima ubushyuhe buhoraho, ni ingenzi mu nganda za plastiki kugira ngo ibicuruzwa birangire neza.Muri porogaramu zombi zidahagarara kandi zizunguruka, ubushyuhe buke butanga impagarara mubice byakozwe, mugihe ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane bushobora gutera ibibazo nko guhuha no gutakaza ibara cyangwa ububengerane.
Muri iki kiganiro, tuzaganira ku buryo iterambere ryakozwe mu gupima ubushyuhe bwa infragre (IR) ridafasha gusa ibikorwa bya thermoforming kunoza imikorere y’inganda n’ibisubizo by’ubucuruzi, ariko kandi bizafasha kubahiriza amahame yinganda kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma kandi byizewe.
Thermoforming ninzira yogukoresha urupapuro rwa termoplastique rukozwe neza kandi rushyushye mugushyushya, kandi bi-axi bigahinduka muburyo bwo guhatirwa muburyo butatu.Iyi nzira irashobora kubaho imbere cyangwa idahari.Gushyushya urupapuro rwa thermoplastique nimwe mubyiciro byingenzi mubikorwa bya thermoforming.Imashini zikora zikoresha ubushuhe bwo mu bwoko bwa sandwich, bugizwe na panne yubushyuhe bwa infragre hejuru no munsi yimpapuro.
Ubushyuhe bwibanze bwurupapuro rwa thermoplastique, ubunini bwarwo hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije bikora byose bigira ingaruka kuburyo iminyururu ya polimeri ya plastike itembera muri leta ishobora guhinduka kandi ikavugurura igice cya polimeri ya kirisiti.Imiterere ya nyuma ya molekulari ikonjesha igena imiterere yumubiri yibikoresho, kimwe nibikorwa byibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Byaba byiza, urupapuro rwa termoplastique rugomba gushyuha kimwe kubushyuhe bukwiye.Urupapuro noneho rwimurirwa kuri sitasiyo, aho igikoresho gikanda ku cyuma kugira ngo kigire igice, ukoresheje icyuka cyangwa umwuka w’umuvuduko, rimwe na rimwe ubifashijwemo n’icyuma gikoresha imashini.Hanyuma, igice gisohoka mububiko kugirango icyiciro gikonje cyibikorwa.
Ubwinshi bwibikorwa bya thermoforming nibikorwa byimashini zigaburirwa, mugihe imashini zigaburira impapuro zigenewe ingano ntoya.Hamwe nibikorwa binini cyane, ibikorwa byuzuye, mumurongo, bifunze-bizunguruka sisitemu ya termoforming irashobora kuba ifite ishingiro.Umurongo wakiriye ibikoresho bya pulasitiki mbisi hamwe na extruders bigaburira mumashini ya thermoforming.
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibikoresho bya thermoforming bifasha guhinga ingingo yashizweho mumashini ya thermoforming.Ubusobanuro bunini bwo gukata burashoboka ukoresheje ubu buryo kuko ibicuruzwa nibisigazwa bya skelete ntibikeneye kwimurwa.Ibindi niho urupapuro rwerekana urutonde rwibihingwa.
Umubare mwinshi mwinshi mubisanzwe bisaba guhuza ibice hamwe na mashini ya thermoforming.Bimaze gutondekanya, ingingo zuzuye zipakira mumasanduku yo gutwara abagana amaherezo.Igice cya skelete cyatandukanijwe gikomeretsa kuri mandrill yo gukata nyuma cyangwa kunyura mumashini ikata umurongo hamwe na mashini ya thermoforming.
Urupapuro runini thermoforming nigikorwa kitoroshye gishobora kwibasirwa no guhagarika umutima, gishobora kongera umubare wibice byanze.Uyu munsi ibisabwa cyane kubice byubuso bwuburinganire, uburebure bwukuri, igihe cyumusaruro numusaruro, hiyongereyeho idirishya rito ryo gutunganya amashanyarazi mashya hamwe nimpapuro nyinshi, byatumye ababikora bashakisha uburyo bwo kunoza igenzura ryiki gikorwa.
Mugihe cya thermoforming, gushyushya impapuro bibaho binyuze mumirasire, convection, hamwe nuyobora.Ubu buryo butangiza ibintu byinshi bidashidikanywaho, kimwe nigihe-gihindagurika hamwe nuburinganire muburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe.Byongeye kandi, gushyushya impapuro ni inzira yagabanijwe ahantu hasobanuwe neza kuburinganire butandukanye.
Thermoforming isaba ikarita yuzuye yubushyuhe bwa zone mbere yo gukora ibice bigoye.Iki kibazo cyiyongereyeho ko ubusanzwe ubushyuhe bugenzurwa mubintu bishyushya, mugihe ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza muburebure bwurupapuro aribwo buryo nyamukuru buhinduka.
Kurugero, ibikoresho bya amorphous nka polystirene muri rusange bizakomeza ubusugire bwabyo iyo bishyutswe nubushyuhe bwacyo kubera imbaraga nyinshi zo gushonga.Nkigisubizo, biroroshye kubyitwaramo no gukora.Iyo ibintu bya kristaline bishyushye, birahinduka cyane kuva mubikomeye kugeza mumazi iyo ubushyuhe bwayo bumaze gushika, bigatuma idirishya ryubushyuhe riba rito cyane.
Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe bwibidukikije nayo itera ibibazo muri thermoforming.Uburyo bwo kugerageza no kwibeshya mugushakisha umuvuduko wo kugaburira kugirango ubyare ibicuruzwa byemewe bishobora kwerekana ko bidahagije mugihe ubushyuhe bwuruganda bwahindutse (nukuvuga, mugihe cyizuba).Ihinduka ry'ubushyuhe bwa 10 ° C rirashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro kubera ubushyuhe buke cyane.
Ubusanzwe, thermoformers bashingiye kubuhanga bwihariye bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwimpapuro.Nyamara, ubu buryo akenshi butanga umusaruro ugereranije nibisubizo byifuzwa mubijyanye no guhuza ibicuruzwa nubwiza.Abakoresha bafite igikorwa kitoroshye cyo kuringaniza, gikubiyemo kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati yurupapuro rwubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mugihe ibyo bice byombi biguma mubushyuhe buke kandi ntarengwa bwo gukora ubushyuhe.
Byongeye kandi, guhuza bitaziguye nurupapuro rwa pulasitike ntibisanzwe muri thermoforming kuko bishobora gutera inenge hejuru ya plastike nigihe cyo gusubiza kitemewe.
Kwiyongera, inganda za plastiki zirimo kuvumbura ibyiza byikoranabuhanga ridahuye na tekinoroji yo gupima ubushyuhe no kugenzura.Infrared-ishingiye ku kumva ibisubizo ni ingirakamaro mu gupima ubushyuhe mu bihe aho thermocouples cyangwa izindi sensor zo mu bwoko bwa probe zidashobora gukoreshwa, cyangwa ngo zitange amakuru yukuri.
Kudahuza IR ya termometero irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ikurikirane ubushyuhe bwibikorwa byihuta kandi neza, bipima ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa aho kuba ifuru cyangwa yumye.Abakoresha barashobora noneho guhindura byoroshye ibipimo kugirango bamenye neza ibicuruzwa byiza.
Kuri porogaramu ya thermoforming, sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwimikorere isanzwe ikubiyemo interineti ikora hamwe no kwerekana ibipimo byakozwe uhereye ku ziko rya thermoforming.Ikigereranyo cya IR gipima ubushyuhe bwimpapuro zishyushye, zigenda zifite plastike 1%.Imibare yububiko bwa digitale hamwe nububiko bwububiko bwerekana imibare yubushyuhe kandi isohora ibimenyetso byo gutabaza mugihe ubushyuhe bwashizweho bwageze.
Ukoresheje porogaramu ya infragre ya sisitemu, thermoformers irashobora gushiraho ubushyuhe nibisohoka, kimwe na emissivité hamwe n’impuruza, hanyuma ugakurikirana ubushyuhe bwasomwe mugihe nyacyo.Iyo inzira ikubise ubushyuhe bwashizweho, relay irafunga kandi igatera urumuri rwerekana cyangwa impuruza yumvikana kugirango igenzure uruziga.Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bushobora kubikwa cyangwa koherezwa mubindi bikorwa byo gusesengura no gutunganya inyandiko.
Bitewe namakuru yaturutse mu bipimo bya IR, abakora umurongo wo kubyaza umusaruro barashobora kumenya igenamigambi ryiza ryo kuzuza urupapuro rwose mugihe gito mugihe badashyushye igice cyo hagati.Igisubizo cyo kongeramo amakuru yubushyuhe nyayo kuburambe bufatika butuma drape ibumba hamwe na bake banze.Kandi, imishinga itoroshye hamwe nibintu binini cyangwa byoroshye bifite uburebure bwurukuta rwanyuma iyo plastike ishyutswe kimwe.
Sisitemu ya Thermoforming hamwe na tekinoroji ya sensor ya IR irashobora kandi guhindura uburyo bwa termoplastique de-molding.Muri ubu buryo, abakoresha rimwe na rimwe bakoresha amashyiga yabo ashyushye cyane, cyangwa bagasiga ibice mubibumbano birebire.Ukoresheje sisitemu ifite sensor ya infragre, barashobora gukomeza ubushyuhe bukonje burigihe, kongera umusaruro no kwemerera ibice kuvanwaho nta gihombo kinini bitewe no gukomera cyangwa guhindura ibintu.
Nubwo gupima ubushyuhe bwa infrarafarike itanga inyungu nyinshi zagaragaye kubakora plastike, abatanga ibikoresho bakomeje guteza imbere ibisubizo bishya, bikarushaho kunoza ukuri, kwiringirwa no koroshya-gukoresha-sisitemu ya IR mugusaba ibidukikije.
Kugira ngo ukemure ibibazo byo kureba hamwe na IR ya termometero, ibigo byibikoresho byateje imbere ibyuma bitanga ibyuma bitanga ibitekerezo binyuze mu ntego yo kureba, hiyongereyeho laser cyangwa kureba amashusho.Ubu buryo bukomatanyirijwe hamwe buteganya neza intego hamwe nintego mugihe mubihe bibi cyane.
Thermometero irashobora kandi gushiramo icyarimwe icyarimwe-gihe cyo kugenzura amashusho no gukoresha amashusho mu buryo bwikora no kubika - bityo bigatanga amakuru mashya yingirakamaro.Abakoresha barashobora kwihuta kandi byoroshye gufata amashusho yibikorwa hanyuma bagashyiramo ubushyuhe nigihe / itariki amakuru mubyangombwa byabo.
Uyu munsi comprometrike ya IR itanga inshuro ebyiri optique ya optique ya mbere, nini ya sensor nini, yongerera imikorere mugusaba kugenzura ibikorwa no kwemerera gusimbuza byimazeyo ibibazo.
Ibishushanyo bishya bya IR sensor ikoresha miniature sensing umutwe hamwe na electronics zitandukanye.Rukuruzi irashobora kugera kuri 22: 1 optique kandi ikihanganira ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bugera kuri 200 ° C nta gukonja.Ibi bituma habaho gupima neza ingano ntoya cyane mubibanza bigarukira hamwe nibidukikije bigoye.Ibyuma bifata ibyuma ni bito bihagije kugirango bishyirwe hafi aho ariho hose, kandi birashobora kubikwa mumashanyarazi adafite ingese kugirango birinde inganda zikomeye.Udushya muri IR sensor electronique kandi twateje imbere ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso, harimo emissivité, icyitegererezo no gufata, gufata impinga, gufata ikibaya no kugereranya ibikorwa.Hamwe na sisitemu zimwe, izi mpinduka zirashobora guhindurwa uhereye kumurongo wumukoresha wa kure kugirango wongere byoroshye.
Abakoresha ba nyuma barashobora guhitamo IR thermometero hamwe na moteri, ya kure-igenzurwa nimpinduka yibanze.Ubu bushobozi butuma ihinduka ryihuse kandi ryukuri ryibanda ku ntego zo gupima, haba mu ntoki inyuma yicyuma cyangwa kure ukoresheje RS-232 / RS-485 PC.
Ibyuma bya IR hamwe na kure bigenzurwa bihindagurika intego yibanze irashobora gushyirwaho ukurikije buri cyifuzo gisabwa, bikagabanya amahirwe yo kwishyiriraho nabi.Ba injeniyeri barashobora guhuza neza intego yo gupima sensor yibanda kumutekano wibiro byabo, kandi bagahora bareba kandi bakandika itandukaniro ryubushyuhe mubikorwa byabo kugirango bafate ibyemezo byihuse.
Abatanga isoko barusheho kunoza uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwa infragre mugutanga sisitemu hamwe na software ya kalibrasi yo mu murima, bigatuma abayikoresha bashobora guhinduranya sensor ku rubuga.Byongeye kandi, sisitemu nshya ya IR itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza umubiri, harimo guhuza byihuse kandi bihuza;uburebure butandukanye bwo gupima ubushyuhe bwo hejuru- n'ubushyuhe buke;no guhitamo milliamp, milivolt nibimenyetso bya thermocouple.
Abashushanya ibikoresho basubije ibibazo bya emissivité bifitanye isano na sensor ya IR mugutezimbere ibice bigufi byumurongo bigabanya amakosa kubera kutamenya neza emissivite.Ibi bikoresho ntabwo byunvikana nimpinduka ziterwa na emissivité kubintu bigenewe nkibisanzwe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Nkibyo, batanga ibisobanuro byukuri kubisobanuro bitandukanye kubushyuhe butandukanye.
Sisitemu yo gupima ubushyuhe bwa IR hamwe nuburyo bwo gukosora emissivitike ituma abayikora bashiraho ibyateganijwe mbere kugirango bahuze ibicuruzwa kenshi.Muguhita umenya ibintu bidahwitse byumuriro mugipimo cyo gupima, bemerera uyikoresha kunoza ibicuruzwa byiza nuburinganire, kugabanya ibisakuzo, no kunoza imikorere.Niba hari ikosa cyangwa inenge bibaye, sisitemu irashobora gukurura impuruza kugirango yemererwe gukosora.
Kunoza tekinoroji ya infragre sensing irashobora kandi gufasha gutunganya inzira yumusaruro.Abakoresha barashobora gutoranya igice cyumubare uriho urutonde rwubushyuhe buriho hanyuma bagahita bandika buri gipimo cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Iki gisubizo gikuraho gutondeka no kongera ibihe byizunguruka.Ihindura kandi kugenzura ahantu hashyuha kandi ikongera umusaruro.
Kugirango thermoformers isesengure byimazeyo inyungu zishoramari rya sisitemu yo gupima ubushyuhe bwimikorere, bagomba kureba ibintu bimwe byingenzi.Kugabanya ibiciro byo kumurongo bisobanura kuzirikana igihe, ingufu, nubunini bwo kugabanya ibisigazwa bishobora kubaho, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukusanya no gutanga amakuru kuri buri rupapuro rwanyuze muri thermoforming.Inyungu rusange za sisitemu yimikorere ya IR ikubiyemo:
• Ubushobozi bwo kubika no guha abakiriya ishusho yubushyuhe ya buri gice cyakozwe kugirango ibyangombwa bishoboke kandi ISO yubahirize.
Gupima ubushyuhe bwa infrarafarike ntabwo ari tekinolojiya mishya, ariko udushya duherutse kugabanya ibiciro, kongera ubwizerwe, kandi bituma ibice bito bipima.Thermoformers ikoresha tekinoroji ya IR yungukirwa no kuzamura umusaruro no kugabanya ibisigazwa.Ubwiza bwibice nabwo buratera imbere kuko ababikora babona ubunini buringaniye buva mumashini yabo ya thermoforming.
For more information contact R&C Instrumentation, +27 11 608 1551, info@randci.co.za, www.randci.co.za
Igihe cyoherejwe: Kanama-19-2019