Kuva mu itsinda ryigihugu kugeza Travis Bean, James Trussart, nibindi, umubiri nijosi rya gitari byose bikozwe mubyuma kandi bifite amateka yikinyejana.Twinjire kandi ushushanye amateka kuri bo.
Mbere yo gutangira, reka tubanze dukemure ibibazo bimwe.Niba ukeneye amakuru yumvikana kubyuma bijyanye numusatsi muremure hamwe n imyanda ikabije, nyamuneka genda mugihe ufite umwanya.Nibura muriyi mikorere, dukoresha ibyuma gusa nkibikoresho byo gukora gitari.
Gitari nyinshi zikozwe mubiti.Urabizi.Mubisanzwe, icyuma cyonyine uzabona gikubiye muri gride ya piyano, ipikipiki, hamwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe nk'ikiraro, tuneri, n'umukandara.Ahari hariho amasahani make, ahari ahari ipfundo.Birumvikana ko hariho n'umuziki ucuranga.Nibyiza kutabibagirwa.
Mu mateka y'ibikoresho byacu bya muzika, abantu bamwe b'intwari bagiye kure, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bakagera kure.Inkuru yacu itangirira muri Californiya muri 1920.Hagati y'iyo myaka icumi, John Dopyera na barumuna be bashinze ikigo cy'igihugu i Los Angeles.We na George Beauchamp bashobora kuba barafatanyije mugukora gitari ya resonator, iyi ikaba ari umusanzu wigihugu mugushakisha amajwi menshi.
Hafi yikinyejana nyuma yo kwinjiza resonator, resonator iracyari ubwoko bwa gitari izwi cyane.Amashusho yose: Eleanor Jane
Joriji ni umucuranzi wa gitari wa Texan kandi ukunda cyane, ubu aba i Los Angeles kandi akorera National.Kimwe n'abahanzi benshi muri kiriya gihe, yashimishijwe n'ubushobozi bwo gukora gitari gakondo hejuru no gutara gitari hejuru.Abacuranga gitari benshi bacuranga mumatsinda yubunini bwose bifuza kugira amajwi arenze ibikoresho bihari bashobora gutanga.
Gitari ya resonant yahimbwe na George n'inshuti ze ni igikoresho gitangaje.Yasohotse mu 1927 n'umubiri w'icyuma urabagirana.Imbere, ukurikije icyitegererezo, Igihugu cyahujije disiki imwe cyangwa eshatu yoroheje ya resonator ya disiki cyangwa cones munsi yikiraro.Bakora nk'abavuga imashini, berekana amajwi y'imigozi, kandi batanga ijwi rikomeye kandi ridasanzwe kuri gitari ya resonator.Muri kiriya gihe, ibindi birango nka Dobro na Regal nabyo byakoze ibyuma byerekana umubiri.
Hafi yicyicaro gikuru cyigihugu, Adolph Rickenbacker ayobora isosiyete ibumba, aho ikora imibiri yicyuma na resonator cones yigihugu.George Beauchamp, Paul Barth na Adolph bakoranye kugirango bahuze ibitekerezo byabo bishya muri gitari z'amashanyarazi.Bashinze Ro-Pat-In mu mpera za 1931, mbere gato yuko George na Paul birukanwa na National.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1932, Ro-Pat-In yatangiye gukora ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki ya aluminium yamashanyarazi kugirango ikore ibyuma.Umukinnyi ashyira igikoresho ku bibero bye hanyuma akanyerera inkoni y'icyuma ku mugozi, ubusanzwe igahuzwa n'umugozi ufunguye.Kuva mu myaka ya za 1920, impeta nkeya zicyuma zimaze kumenyekana, kandi iki gikoresho kiracyakunzwe cyane.Birakwiye gushimangira ko izina "ibyuma" atari ukubera ko izi gitari zikozwe mubyuma-byumvikane ko gitari nyinshi zikozwe mubiti usibye Electros-ahubwo ni uko zifatwa nabakinnyi bafite inkoni zicyuma.Nakoresheje ukuboko kwanjye kwi bumoso kugirango mpagarike imirongo yazamuye.
Ikirangantego cya Electro cyahindutse Rickenbacker.Ahagana mu 1937, batangiye gukora ibyuma bito bya gitari bikozwe mu cyuma cyanditseho kashe (ubusanzwe umuringa usizwe na chrome), amaherezo batekereza ko aluminium ari ibikoresho bidakwiye kuko buri muntu ukora gitari yaba Metal akoreshwa nk'ibikoresho.Igice cyingenzi cyigikoresho kigomba gusuzumwa.Aluminium mu byuma yaguka mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru (urugero, munsi yo kumurika), akenshi bigatuma igihe kitaragera.Kuva icyo gihe, itandukaniro ryuburyo inkwi nicyuma bihinduka bitewe nubushyuhe nubushuhe byabaye bihagije kugirango abayikora nabakinnyi benshi bimuke vuba bava mubindi byerekezo bya gitari (cyane cyane ijosi) bivanga ibikoresho byombi.kwiruka.
Gibson kandi yakoresheje muri make ibyuma bya aluminiyumu nka gitari ye ya mbere y’amashanyarazi, aribyo ibyuma bya Hawaiian Electric E-150, byasohotse mu mpera za 1935. Igishushanyo cy’umubiri w’icyuma biragaragara ko gihuye n’imiterere n’imiterere ya Rickenbackers, ariko biragaragara. ko ubu buryo budashoboka.Ni nako bimeze kuri Gibson.Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa kabiri, Gibson yerekeje ahantu hasobanutse cyane maze ashyiraho verisiyo nshya ifite umubiri wibiti (n'izina ritandukanye gato EH-150).
Noneho, twasimbutse mu myaka ya za 70, turacyari muri Californiya, no mugihe umuringa wahindutse ibikoresho byuma kubera ibyo bita kuzamura ubuziranenge burambye.Muri icyo gihe, Travis Bean yatangije ikipe ye kuva Sun Valley, muri Californiya mu 1974 ari kumwe na bagenzi be Marc McElwee (Marc McElwee) na Gary Kramer (Gary Kramer).Gitari ya aluminium.Ariko, ntabwo yari uwambere wakoresheje aluminiyumu muburyo bugereranije.Icyubahiro ni icya gitari cya Wandrè ukomoka mu Butaliyani.
Byombi Kramer DMZ 2000 na Travis Bean Standard kuva mu myaka ya za 70 bifite ijosi rya aluminiyumu kandi birashobora kugurwa mu cyamunara gikurikira cya Gardiner Houlgate cyamunara ku ya 10 Werurwe 2021.
Kuva mu mpera za 1950 kugeza mu myaka ya za 1960, Antonio Wandrè Pioli yateguye kandi akora urukurikirane rwa gitari zisa neza zifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe byagaragaye, harimo nka Rock Oval (yatangijwe ahagana mu 1958) na Scarabeo (1965).Ibikoresho bye bigaragara ku mazina atandukanye, nka Wandrè, Framez, Davoli, Noble na Orpheum, ariko usibye imiterere itangaje ya Pioli, hari ibintu bishimishije byubatswe, harimo igice cya ijosi rya aluminium.Verisiyo nziza ifite unyuze mu ijosi, igizwe na kaburimbo ya seminike ya aluminiyumu iganisha ku kantu kameze nk'umutwe, hamwe n'urutoki rwamanutse, kandi igipfundikizo cya plastike cy'inyuma gitangwa kugira ngo byumvikane neza.
Gitari ya Wandrè yazimye mu mpera za za 1960, ariko igitekerezo cy'ijosi rya aluminiyumu cyongeye gutezwa imbere ku nkunga ya Travis Bean.Travis Bean yasohoye imbere imbere yijosi arema icyo yise chassis ya aluminium binyuze mu ijosi.Harimo icyicaro cya T gifite imitwe hamwe nikiraro, inzira yose irangizwa numubiri wibiti.Yavuze ko ibi bitanga ubukana buhoraho bityo rero guhindagurika kwiza, kandi misa yinyongera igabanya kunyeganyega.Icyakora, ubucuruzi bwabaye igihe gito kandi Travis Bean yahagaritse imirimo mu 1979. Travis yagaragaye muri make mu mpera za 90, kandi ibishushanyo mbonera bya Travis Bean Designs biracyakorera muri Floride.Muri icyo gihe, i Irondale, muri Alabama, isosiyete ikora gitari y’amashanyarazi iyobowe na Travis Bean nayo ikomeza urumuri.
Gary Kramer, umufatanyabikorwa wa Travis, yavuye mu 1976, ashinga isosiyete ye bwite, atangira gukora ku mushinga w'ijosi rya aluminium.Gary yakoranye nuwacuranga gitari Philip Petillo maze ahindura bimwe.Yinjije ibiti mu ijosi kugira ngo aneshe kunegura icyuma cya Travis Bean icyuma yumva akonje, maze akoresha urutoki rwa sandali.Mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Kramer yatanze ijosi gakondo ry'ibiti nk'uburyo bwo guhitamo, hanyuma buhoro buhoro, aluminium irajugunywa.Ububyutse bwa Henry Vaccaro na Philip Petillo bwaturutse i Kramer kugera i Vaccaro kandi bwakomeje hagati ya 90 kugeza 2002.
Gitari ya John Veleno ijya kure, hafi ya yose ikozwe muri aluminiyumu yuzuye, ifite ijosi ryakozwe n'umubiri wakozwe n'intoki.Icyicaro gikuru i St. Petersburg, muri Floride, Veleno yatangiye gukora ibikoresho byayo bya muzika bidasanzwe ahagana mu 1970, arangiza gukora ibyo bikoresho mu mabara meza ya anodize, harimo na zahabu nziza cyane.Bamwe muribo bafite ameza yuburiri bwa V afite amabuye atukura yometseho.Amaze gukora gitari zigera kuri 185, yaretse mu 1977.
Nyuma yo gutandukana na Travis Bean, Gary Kramer yagombaga guhindura igishushanyo cye kugirango yirinde kutubahiriza ipatanti.Igishushanyo cya Travis Igishyimbo gishobora kugaragara iburyo
Undi muntu ukora ibicuruzwa akoresha aluminium muburyo bwihariye ni Tony Zemaitis, umwubatsi w’Ubwongereza ufite icyicaro i Kent.Igihe Eric Clapton yasabye Tony gukora gitari ya feza, yatangiye gukora ibyuma byimbere.Yateje imbere icyitegererezo yitwikiriye imbere yumubiri hamwe na plaque ya aluminium.Byinshi mubikorwa bya Tony bigaragaramo umurimo wo gushushanya umupira Danny O'Brien, kandi ibishushanyo bye byiza birasa neza.Kimwe nizindi moderi zamashanyarazi na acoustique, Tony yatangiye gukora gitari ya Zemaitis imbere ya gitari ahagana mu 1970, kugeza igihe yacyuye igihe mu 2000. Yapfuye mu 2002.
James Trussart yakoze imirimo myinshi kugirango agumane imico idasanzwe ibyuma bishobora gutanga mugukora gitari zigezweho.Yavukiye mu Bufaransa, nyuma yimukira muri Amerika, amaherezo atura i Los Angeles, aho amaze imyaka irenga 20 akorera.Yakomeje gukora gitari yihariye ya gitari na violon muburyo butandukanye, ahuza isura ya gitari ya resonator hamwe nikirere cyumuringa cyumuringa cyimashini zajugunywe.
Billy Gibbons (Billy Gibbons) yatanze igitekerezo cyizina rya tekinoroji ya Rust-O-Matic, James yashyize umubiri wa gitari kumwanya wibyumweru byinshi, arangije ayirangiza yambaye ikote rya satine iboneye.Ibicurarangisho byinshi bya gitari ya Trussart byacapishijwe kumubiri wicyuma (cyangwa ku isahani yumuzamu cyangwa kumutwe), harimo ibihanga nibikorwa byubwoko, cyangwa imiterere yuruhu rw ingona cyangwa ibikoresho byibimera.
Trussart ntabwo ari luthier wenyine w’Abafaransa winjije imibiri y’ibyuma mu nyubako ze - Loic Le Pape na MeloDuende bombi bagaragaye kuri izi mpapuro mu bihe byashize, nubwo bitandukanye na Trussart, baguma mu Bufaransa.
Ahandi, abayikora rimwe na rimwe batanga ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki bisanzwe hamwe no kugoreka ibyuma bidasanzwe, nkamajana amagana yo hagati ya 90 Strats yakozwe na Fender hamwe numubiri wa aluminiyumu wuzuye.Habayeho gitari zidasanzwe zifite ibyuma nkibyingenzi, nka SynthAxe yamara igihe gito muri za 1980.Umubiri wacyo wibishusho bya fiberglass washyizwe kumurongo wicyuma.
Kuva muri K&F muri 1940 (muri make) kugeza kuri Vigier kurutoki rutagira urutoki, hariho urutoki rwicyuma.Kandi imitako imwe yararangiye ishobora guha isura yumuriro gakondo yimbaho yimbaho ishimishije cyane-urugero, Gretsch's 50s Silver Jet yashushanyijeho ingoma zirabagirana, cyangwa yatangijwe mumwaka wa 1990 JS2 variant ya moderi ya Jbanez yashyizweho umukono na Joe Satriani.
JS2 yumwimerere yakuweho vuba kuko byaragaragaye ko bidashoboka gukora chrome ikingira ingaruka zumutekano.Chromium izagwa mumubiri ikore ibice, ntabwo ari byiza.Uruganda rwa Fujigen rusa nkaho rwujuje gusa gitari zirindwi za JS2 zometse kuri Ibanez, eshatu muri zo zahawe Joe, wagombaga gushyira kaseti isobanutse ku cyuho mu ngero yakundaga kugira ngo yirinde uruhu rwacitse.
Ubusanzwe, Fujigen yagerageje gutwikira umubiri awwinjiza mu gisubizo, ariko ibyo byaje kuvamo guturika gukabije.Bagerageje gushyiramo icyuho, ariko gaze imbere mu giti yarashize kubera umuvuduko, chromium ihinduka ibara rya nikel.Byongeye kandi, abakozi bahura n’amashanyarazi mugihe bagerageza gutunganya ibicuruzwa byarangiye.Ibanez nta kundi yari kubigenza, maze JS2 irahagarikwa.Ariko, hari izindi ebyiri zatsinzwe neza nyuma: JS10th muri 1998 na JS2PRM muri 2005.
Ulrich Teuffel akora gitari mu majyepfo y’Ubudage kuva mu 1995. Moderi ye y’inyoni ntabwo isa nigikoresho gisanzwe cyumuziki.Ikadiri yacyo ya aluminiyumu ikoresha ibyuma gakondo ibyuma byuma kandi ikabihuza Guhindura ibintu bitari ingingo."Inyoni" n "" amafi "mwizina nibintu bibiri byuma bifatisha imigozi yimbaho zibiti: inyoni nigice cyimbere cyacyo.Ifi nigice cyinyuma cyigenzura.Gari ya moshi iri hagati yombi ikosora ipikipiki yimukanwa.
Ulrich yagize ati: "Nkurikije filozofiya, nkunda igitekerezo cyo kureka ibikoresho byumwimerere muri studio yanjye, ngakora ibintu bimwe na bimwe byubumaji hano, hanyuma gitari ikaza gusohoka.""Ntekereza ko Birdfish ari igikoresho cy'umuziki, kizana urugendo rwihariye kuri buri wese ucuranga. Kuberako ikubwira gukora gitari."
Inkuru yacu irangirana numuzingi wuzuye, dusubira aho twatangiriye na gitari yumwimerere ya resonator muri 1920.Guitari yakuwe muri uyu muco itanga imirimo myinshi igezweho kubikorwa byumubiri wicyuma, nkibirango nka Ashbury, Gretsch, Ozark na Recording King, hamwe nicyitegererezo kigezweho cya Dobro, Regal na National, na Resophonic nka ule sub muri Michigan.
Loic Le Pape nubundi luthier wigifaransa kabuhariwe mubyuma.Ni mwiza mu kubaka ibikoresho bishaje bikozwe mu mbaho n'umubiri w'ibyuma.
Mike Lewis wo muri Resophonic Nziza i Paris amaze imyaka 30 akora gitari z'umubiri.Akoresha umuringa, ifeza y'Ubudage, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ibyuma.Mike yagize ati: "Ntabwo ari ukubera ko umwe muri bo ari mwiza", ariko bafite amajwi atandukanye cyane.. . "
Ni ikihe kintu kibi kandi cyiza cyo gukorana nicyuma cya gitari muri iki gihe?"Ibintu bibi cyane bishobora kuba igihe utanze gitari hejuru ya nikel hanyuma bakayitesha umutwe. Ibi birashobora kubaho. Icyiza ni uko ushobora gukora byoroshye imiterere yihariye udafite ibikoresho byinshi. Kugura ibyuma ntabwo bibuza." Mike yashoje, aseka ati: "Urugero, umuringa wo muri Berezile. Ariko iyo imirya iriho, buri gihe ni byiza. Nshobora gukina."
Guitar.com nubuyobozi bukomeye nubutunzi kumirima yose ya gitari kwisi.Dutanga ubushishozi nubushishozi kubikoresho, abahanzi, ikoranabuhanga ninganda za gitari kubwoko bwose nubuhanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-11-2021