Uratondekanya gutunganya, kureka gukusanywa - hanyuma niki?Oliver Franklin-Wallis avuga ko kuva mu nama zitwika ubufindo kugeza aho imyanda y’amahanga yuzuye imyanda yo mu Bwongereza.
Impuruza yumvikana, ibibujijwe byahanaguwe, kandi umurongo kuri Green Recycling i Maldon, Essex, usubira mu buzima.Uruzi runini rw'imyanda rumanuka kuri convoyeur: agasanduku k'amakarito, ikibaho cyambukiranya amacupa, amacupa ya pulasitike, udupaki twa pisine, amakarito ya DVD, amakarito ya printer, ibinyamakuru bitabarika, harimo n'iki.Ibintu bidasanzwe byubusa bifata ijisho, bihuza vignettes nto: gants imwe yataye.Igikoresho cya Tupperware kimenetse, ifunguro imbere ritarya.Ifoto yumwana umwenyura ku bitugu byumuntu mukuru.Ariko bagiye mu kanya.Umurongo kuri Green Recycling utwara toni zigera kuri 12 kumasaha.
Umuyobozi mukuru wa Green Recycling, Jamie Smith, agira ati: "Dutanga toni 200 kugeza 300 ku munsi."Duhagaze mu magorofa atatu hejuru yicyatsi kibisi-n’umutekano, tureba hasi.Ku butaka bwo hejuru, imashini icukura imashini ifata imyanda iva mu birundo ikayijugunya mu ngoma izunguruka, ikwirakwiza ku buryo bunoze kuri convoyeur.Kuruhande rwumukandara, abakozi babantu batoranya kandi bagahuza ibyingenzi (amacupa, ikarito, amabati ya aluminiyumu) mugutondekanya chute.
Smith, ufite imyaka 40, yagize ati: “Ibicuruzwa byacu by'ingenzi ni impapuro, ikarito, amacupa ya pulasitike, plastiki ivanze, n'ibiti.” Turabona kuzamuka cyane mu dusanduku, tubikesha Amazon. ”Impera yumurongo, umugezi wabaye umutego.Imyanda ihagaze neza neza mumigozi, yiteguye gupakirwa mumamodoka.Kuva aho, bizagenda - neza, nibwo bigoye.
Wanyweye Coca-Cola, uta icupa muri recycling, shyira bino kumunsi wo gukusanya ukibagirwa.Ariko ntizimira.Ibintu byose utunze umunsi umwe bizahinduka umutungo wibi, inganda zangiza imyanda, miliyari 250 zama pound kwisi yose yiyemeje gukuramo amafaranga yanyuma yanyuma mubisigaye.Itangirana nibikoresho byo kugarura ibikoresho (MRFs) nkiyi, itondagura imyanda mubice biyigize.Kuva aho, ibikoresho byinjira murusobe rwa labyrintine rwabakozi nabacuruzi.Bimwe muri ibyo bibera mu Bwongereza, ariko ibyinshi muri byo - hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'impapuro n'amakarito, na bibiri bya gatatu bya plastiki - bizashyirwa ku mato ya kontineri azoherezwa mu Burayi cyangwa muri Aziya kugira ngo akoreshwe.Impapuro n'ikarito bijya mu ruganda;ikirahure cyogejwe kandi cyongeye gukoreshwa cyangwa kumeneka no gushonga, nkicyuma na plastiki.Ibiryo, nibindi byose, biratwikwa cyangwa byoherezwa mumyanda.
Cyangwa, byibura, niko byahoze bikora.Hanyuma, ku munsi wa mbere wa 2018, Ubushinwa, isoko rinini ku isi ry’imyanda itunganyirizwa mu mahanga, ahanini ryafunze imiryango.Muri politiki y’igihugu y’inkota, Ubushinwa bwabujije ubwoko 24 bw’imyanda kwinjira mu gihugu, buvuga ko ibyinjira byanduye cyane.Ihinduka rya politiki ryatewe ahanini n'ingaruka za documentaire, Ubushinwa bwa Plastike, bwagiye ahagaragara mbere yuko abagenzuzi babihanagura kuri interineti y'Ubushinwa.Iyi filime ikurikira umuryango ukorera mu nganda zitunganya ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, aho abantu batoragura imyanda minini y’imyanda y’iburengerazuba, kumenagura no gushonga plastike ishobora gukizwa muri pellet zishobora kugurishwa ku bakora.Ni umwanda, umurimo wanduye - kandi uhembwa nabi.Ibisigaye akenshi bitwikwa mu kirere.Uyu muryango ubana na mashini yo gutondeka, umukobwa wabo wimyaka 11 akina na Barbie yakuwe mumyanda.
Inama ya Westminster yohereje 82% by'imyanda yose yo mu rugo - harimo n'iyashyizwe mu bikoresho bitunganyirizwamo - gutwika muri 2017/18
Kubisubiramo nka Smith, National Sword byari igihombo gikomeye.Agira ati: “Igiciro cy'ikarito gishobora kuba cyaragabanutse mu mezi 12 ashize.”Ati: “Igiciro cya plastiki cyaragabanutse ku buryo bidakwiriye gukoreshwa.Niba Ubushinwa budafashe plastike, ntidushobora kuyigurisha. ”Nubwo bimeze bityo, iyo myanda igomba kujya ahantu runaka.Ubwongereza, kimwe n’ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere, butanga imyanda irenze iyo ishobora gutunganyirizwa mu rugo: toni 230m ku mwaka - hafi 1,1 kg ku muntu ku munsi.. “Imicungire mibi y’imyanda” - imyanda ibumoso cyangwa yatwitswe mu myanda ifunguye, ahantu hatemewe cyangwa ibikoresho bitemewe na raporo idahagije, bigatuma amaherezo yayo bigorana kuyakurikirana.
Ahantu hajugunywe ubu ni Maleziya.Mu Kwakira umwaka ushize, iperereza ryakozwe na Greenpeace ryasanze imisozi y’imyanda yo mu Bwongereza n’Uburayi mujugunywa mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko: Udupaki twa Tesco crisp packets, Flora tubs hamwe n’imifuka yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biva mu nama eshatu za Londres.Nko mu Bushinwa, imyanda ikunze gutwikwa cyangwa gutereranwa, amaherezo ikabona inzira mu nzuzi no mu nyanja.Muri Gicurasi, guverinoma ya Maleziya yatangiye gusubiza inyuma amato ya kontineri, kubera impungenge z’ubuzima rusange.Tayilande n'Ubuhinde byatangaje ko bibujijwe gutumiza mu mahanga imyanda ya plastike.Ariko nanone imyanda iratemba.
Turashaka ko imyanda yacu ihishwa.Icyatsi kibisi cyakuweho nyuma yumutungo winganda, uzengurutswe nicyuma cyerekana amajwi.Hanze, imashini yitwa Air Spectrum ihisha umunuko wa acrid numunuko wibitanda.Ariko, mu buryo butunguranye, inganda zirasuzumwa cyane.Mu Bwongereza, ibiciro byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byahagaze mu myaka yashize, mu gihe National Sword no kugabanya inkunga byatumye imyanda myinshi itwikwa mu gutwika no mu nganda zituruka ku myanda.. gutwika muri 2017/18.Inama zimwe zagiye impaka zireka gutunganya burundu.Kandi nyamara Ubwongereza nigihugu cyatsinze neza: 45.7% byimyanda yose yo murugo ishyirwa mubikorwa nkibisubirwamo (nubwo iyo mibare yerekana gusa ko yoherejwe kubitunganya, atari aho bigarukira.) Muri Amerika, iyo mibare ni 25.8%.
Imwe mu masosiyete akomeye yo mu Bwongereza y’imyanda, yagerageje kohereza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe mu mahanga byoherejwe nk'impapuro
Iyo urebye kuri plastiki, ishusho niyo iba nziza.Muri toni 8.3 miliyari za plastiki y’isugi zakozwe ku isi hose, 9% gusa ni zo zongeye gutunganywa, nk'uko bigaragara mu mpapuro z’ubumenyi bw’ubumenyi mu mwaka wa 2017 zitwa Umusaruro, Gukoresha N’ibihe bya Plastike Yose Yakozwe.Roland Geyer, umwanditsi wacyo mukuru, umwarimu w’ibidukikije mu nganda muri kaminuza ya Californiya, Santa Barbara agira ati: "Ntekereza ko igereranyo cyiza ku isi ari uko wenda turi kuri 20% [ku mwaka] ku isi hose."Abashakashatsi n'imiryango itegamiye kuri leta bashidikanya kuri iyo mibare, kubera iherezo ry’imyanda yoherezwa mu mahanga.Muri Kamena, imwe mu masosiyete akomeye yo mu Bwongereza, Biffa, yahamwe n'icyaha cyo gushaka kohereza ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe mu bwoko bwa nappies, igitambaro cy’isuku n’imyenda mu mahanga mu bicuruzwa byanditseho impapuro.Geyer agira ati: "Ntekereza ko hari ibaruramari ryinshi ryo guhanga ibintu bigenda byongera imibare."
Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo cyitwa Basel Action Network giherereye mu mujyi wa Seattle, Jim Puckett agira ati: "Mu byukuri ni umugani wuzuye iyo abantu bavuga ko turi gutunganya plastiki zacu."“Byose byasaga naho ari byiza.'Bizongera gukoreshwa mu Bushinwa!'Nanga kubimena kuri buri wese, ariko aha hantu usanga buri gihe bajugunya plastike nyinshi kandi bakayitwika ku muriro. ”
Gusubiramo birashaje nkubukungu.Abayapani barimo gutunganya impapuro mu kinyejana cya 11;abacuzi bo mu kinyejana cya 5 bakoze ibirwanisho bivuye mu byuma bishaje.Mu ntambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, ibyuma bishaje byakozwe mu bigega na nylon y'abagore muri parasite.Geyer agira ati: “Ibibazo byatangiye igihe, mu mpera za 70, twatangiraga kugerageza gutunganya imyanda yo mu rugo.Ibi byandujwe nubwoko bwose butifuzwa: ibikoresho bidasubirwaho, imyanda y'ibiryo, amavuta n'amazi abora kandi yangiza imipira.
Muri icyo gihe, inganda zipakira zuzuza amazu yacu plastike ihendutse: ibituba, firime, amacupa, imboga zipfunyitse kugiti cyazo.Plastiki niho gutunganya ibintu bitavugwaho rumwe.Kongera gukoresha aluminiyumu, vuga, biroroshye, byunguka kandi byangiza ibidukikije: gukora urumogi ruva muri aluminiyumu itunganijwe bigabanya ikirenge cya karuboni kugera kuri 95%.Ariko hamwe na plastiki, ntabwo byoroshye.Mugihe hafi ya plastiki zose zishobora gutunganywa, ibyinshi ntabwo aribyo kuko inzira ihenze, iragoye kandi ibicuruzwa bivamo bifite ubuziranenge burenze ibyo washyizemo. Inyungu zo kugabanya karubone nazo ntizisobanutse neza.Geyer agira ati: "Urohereza hirya no hino, hanyuma ugomba kwoza, hanyuma ugomba kubitema, hanyuma ugomba kongera kubishonga, bityo gukusanya no gutunganya ubwabyo bigira ingaruka ku bidukikije."
Gusubiramo urugo bisaba gutondekanya murwego runini.Niyo mpamvu ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere bifite amabati yanditseho amabara: kugirango ibicuruzwa byanyuma bisukure bishoboka.Mu Bwongereza, Recycle Noneho urutonde 28 rutandukanye rwo gutunganya ibintu rushobora kugaragara mubipfunyika.Hariho mobius loop (imyambi itatu ihindagurika), yerekana ibicuruzwa bishobora gutunganywa muburyo bwa tekiniki;rimwe na rimwe icyo kimenyetso kirimo umubare uri hagati yimwe na karindwi, byerekana ibisigazwa bya plastiki bivamo ikintu.Hano hari akadomo kibisi (imyambi ibiri yicyatsi kibumbira), byerekana ko uwabikoze yagize uruhare muri gahunda yo gutunganya iburayi.Hano hari ibirango bivuga ngo "Byagarutsweho cyane" (byemewe na 75% byinama zinzego z'ibanze) na "Kugenzura Recycling Local" (hagati ya 20% na 75% byinama).
Kuva National Sword, gutondeka byabaye ingenzi cyane, kuko amasoko yo hanze akenera ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge.Mugihe tugenda kumurongo wa Green Recycling, Smith agira ati: "Ntabwo bifuza kuba ahantu hajugunywa isi, birakwiriye rwose."Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri, abagore bane bambaye hi-vis hamwe na capita bakuramo uduce twinshi twikarito na firime ya plastike, imashini zirwana nazo.Hano hari urusaku ruke mu kirere hamwe n'umukungugu mwinshi ku gatsiko.Green Recycling ni MRF yubucuruzi: bisaba imyanda iva mumashuri, kaminuza ndetse nubucuruzi bwaho.Ibyo bivuze amajwi make, ariko marge nziza, nkuko isosiyete ishobora kwishyuza abakiriya mu buryo butaziguye kandi igakomeza kugenzura ibyo ikusanya.Avuga kuri Rumpelstiltskin agira ati: “Ubucuruzi ni uguhindura ibyatsi muri zahabu.“Ariko biragoye - kandi biragoye cyane.”
Kugeza kumpera yumurongo ni imashini Smith yizera ko izahindura ibyo.Umwaka ushize, Green Recycling ibaye MRF ya mbere mu Bwongereza ishora imari muri Max, imashini yakozwe na Amerika, imashini itondeka ubwenge.Imbere mu isanduku nini isobanutse hejuru ya convoyeur, ukuboko kwa robotic sokisiyo yanditseho FlexPickerTM iranyeganyega inyuma n'umukandara, itora ubudasiba.Smith agira ati: "Yabanje gushaka amacupa ya pulasitike."“Akora amatora 60 ku munota.Abantu bazatoranya hagati ya 20 na 40, umunsi mwiza. ”Sisitemu ya kamera yerekana imyanda igenda, yerekana gusenyuka birambuye kuri ecran iri hafi.Imashini ntigamije gusimbuza abantu, ahubwo igamije kubongerera.Smith agira ati: "Arimo gutora toni eshatu ku munsi bitabaye ibyo abasore bacu b'abantu bagomba kugenda."Mubyukuri, robot yakoze umurimo mushya wabantu kugirango uyibungabunge: ibi bikorwa na Danielle, abo bakozi bavuga ko ari "mama wa Max".Smith avuga ko inyungu zo kwikora, zibiri: ibikoresho byinshi byo kugurisha n’imyanda mike isosiyete ikeneye kwishyura kugirango itwike nyuma.Margins ni ntoya kandi umusoro wimyanda ni £ 91 kuri toni.
Smith ntabwo ari wenyine mu gushyira kwizera kwe mu ikoranabuhanga.Hamwe n’abaguzi na guverinoma barakajwe n’ikibazo cya plastiki, inganda z’imyanda zirihutira gukemura iki kibazo.Icyizere gikomeye ni gutunganya imiti: guhindura plastike yibibazo muri peteroli cyangwa gaze binyuze mubikorwa byinganda.Adrian Griffiths washinze ikigo cya Recycling Technologies gifite icyicaro cya Swindon agira ati:Igitekerezo cyabonye inzira yerekeza kuri Griffiths, wahoze ari umujyanama mu micungire, ku bw'impanuka, nyuma yo kwibeshya mu itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na kaminuza ya Warwick.Ati: “Bavuze ko bashobora guhindura plastike iyo ari yo yose isubira muri monomer.Icyo gihe, ntibabishobora. ”Griffiths agira ati.Bishimishije, Griffiths yahuye.Yarangije afatanya nabashakashatsi gutangiza isosiyete ishobora gukora ibi.
Mu ruganda rw’icyitegererezo rwa Recycling Technologies muri Swindon, plastike (Griffiths ivuga ko ishobora gutunganya ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose) igaburirwa mu cyumba kinini cyo kumena ibyuma, aho gitandukanijwe n'ubushyuhe bukabije cyane muri gaze na peteroli, plaxx, ishobora gukoreshwa nka a lisansi cyangwa ibiryo bya plastiki nshya.Mugihe isi yose yahindutse kuri plastike, Griffiths ni myugariro udasanzwe.Agira ati: “Gupakira plastike mu by'ukuri byakoze isi idasanzwe ku isi, kuko byagabanije ibirahuri, ibyuma n'impapuro twakoreshaga.”Ati: “Ikintu kimpangayikishije kuruta ikibazo cya plastiki ni ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi.Niba ukoresheje ibirahuri byinshi, ibyuma byinshi, ibyo bikoresho bifite ikirere kinini cyane. ”Isosiyete iherutse gutangiza gahunda yo kugerageza hamwe na Tesco kandi isanzwe ikora ku kigo cya kabiri, muri otcosse.Amaherezo, Griffiths yizeye kugurisha imashini kubikoresho byo gutunganya isi yose.Agira ati: "Tugomba guhagarika kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga."Ati: “Nta muryango utegamiye kuri Leta ugomba gukuraho imyanda mu gihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere.”
Hariho impamvu yo kwigirira icyizere: mu Kuboza 2018, guverinoma y'Ubwongereza yashyize ahagaragara ingamba nshya z’imyanda, igice gisubiza inkota y'igihugu.Mu byifuzo byayo: umusoro ku bipfunyika bya pulasitiki birimo ibikoresho bitarenze 30%;sisitemu yoroshye yo kuranga;nuburyo bwo guhatira ibigo gufata inshingano zo gupakira plastike bakora.Bizera guhatira inganda gushora imari mu gutunganya ibikorwa remezo murugo.
Hagati aho, inganda zirimo guhatirwa kumenyera: muri Gicurasi, ibihugu 186 byafashe ingamba zo gukurikirana no kugenzura kohereza mu mahanga imyanda ya pulasitike mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, mu gihe ibigo birenga 350 byashyize umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yo gukuraho ikoreshwa rya plastiki imwe rukumbi 2025.
Nyamara iyo niyo soko yubumuntu bwanze ko izo mbaraga zishobora kuba zidahagije.Igipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu burengerazuba kirahagarara kandi imikoreshereze y’ipakira igiye kuzamuka mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho usanga ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa ari bike.Niba National Sword hari icyo yatweretse, ni uko gutunganya - mugihe bikenewe - gusa ntibihagije kugirango ikibazo cyimyanda gikemuke.
Ahari hariho ubundi buryo.Kubera ko Blue Planet II yatugejejeho ikibazo cya plastike, ubucuruzi bupfa burimo kwiyongera mubwongereza: amata.Benshi muritwe duhitamo gutanga amacupa yamata, gukusanywa no kongera gukoreshwa.Moderi nkiyi iragenda: amaduka ya zeru agusaba kuzana ibikoresho byawe bwite;gutera imbere mubikombe byuzuye.Ni nkaho twibutse ko interuro ishaje y’ibidukikije “Kugabanya, kongera gukoresha, gutunganya” ntabwo byari byiza gusa, ahubwo byashyizwe ku rutonde uko bikunda.
Tom Szaky arashaka gushyira mubikorwa amata hafi ya byose ugura.Ubwanwa bwogosha, umusatsi ufite imisatsi yo muri Hongiriya-Umunyakanada ni inararibonye mu nganda z’imyanda: yashinze bwa mbere itunganya ibicuruzwa nk’umunyeshuri muri Princeton, agurisha ifumbire ishingiye ku nzoka mu macupa yongeye gukoreshwa.Iyo sosiyete, TerraCycle, ubu ni igihangange mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa, gifite ibikorwa mu bihugu 21.Muri 2017, TerraCycle yakoranye na Head & ibitugu ku icupa rya shampoo ryakozwe muri plastiki yinyanja itunganijwe neza.Ibicuruzwa byatangijwe mu ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi ryabereye i Davos kandi byahise bikundwa.Porokireri & Gamble, ikora Umutwe & Ibitugu, yari ashishikajwe no kumenya ibizakurikiraho, nuko Szaky atera ikintu cyiza cyane.
Igisubizo ni Loop, yatangije ibigeragezo mubufaransa no muri Amerika muriyi mpeshyi ikazagera mubwongereza muriyi mezi y'itumba.Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byo murugo - uhereye kubakora harimo P&G, Unilever, Nestlé na Coca-Cola - mubipfunyika byongeye gukoreshwa.Ibintu biraboneka kumurongo cyangwa kubicuruza byihariye.Abakiriya bishyura amafaranga make, kandi kontineri zikoreshwa amaherezo zegeranijwe na komeri cyangwa zijugunywa mububiko (Walgreens muri Amerika, Tesco mubwongereza), zirakaraba, hanyuma zoherezwa mubukora kugirango zuzuzwe.“Loop ntabwo ari isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa;ni isosiyete icunga imyanda, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Szaky.Ati: "Turimo kureba imyanda mbere yuko itangira."
Byinshi mubishushanyo bya Loop biramenyerewe: amacupa yikirahure yuzuye ya Coca-Cola na Tropicana;amacupa ya aluminium ya Pantene.Ariko abandi barimo gusubirwamo rwose.Szaky agira ati: “Iyo wimutse ukajya kuwundi ukoreshwa, uba ufunguye amahirwe yo gushushanya.”Kurugero: Unilever iri gukora ibinini byinyoza amenyo ashonga muri paste munsi y'amazi atemba;Häagen-Dazs ice-cream ije mu cyuma kitagira umwanda kiguma gikonje igihe kirekire kuri picnike.Ndetse ibyatanzwe biza mububiko bwabugenewe bwabugenewe, kugirango ugabanye ikarito.
Tina Hill, umwanditsi ukorera mu mujyi wa Paris, yiyandikishije muri Loop nyuma gato yo kuyitangiza mu Bufaransa.Yaravuze ati “biroroshye cyane.“Ni amafaranga make, € 3 [kuri buri kintu].Icyo nkundira ni uko bafite ibintu nsanzwe nkoresha: amavuta ya elayo, gukaraba. ”Hill yisobanura nk "icyatsi cyiza: dusubiramo ibintu byose bishobora gutunganywa, tugura organic".Muguhuza Loop no guhaha kumaduka ya zero-imyanda, Hills yafashije umuryango we kugabanya byimazeyo kwishingikiriza kumupaki umwe.Ati: “Ikibi gusa ni uko ibiciro bishobora kuba hejuru.Ntabwo dushishikajwe no gukoresha amafaranga make kugira ngo dushyigikire ibintu wemera, ariko ku bintu bimwe na bimwe, nka makaroni, birabujijwe. ”
Szaky avuga ko inyungu nyamukuru ku bucuruzi bwa Loop, ari uko ihatira abapakira ibicuruzwa gushyira imbere igihe kirekire kuruta kujugunywa.Mu bihe biri imbere, Szaky ateganya ko Loop izashobora kohereza imeri kubakoresha imenyesha ryitariki izarangiriraho nizindi nama zo kugabanya imyanda yabo.Icyitegererezo cyamata kirenze icupa gusa: bituma dutekereza kubyo turya nibyo tujugunya.Szaky agira ati: "Imyanda ni ikintu dushaka kutagaragara no mu bitekerezo - ni umwanda, ni mwinshi, impumuro mbi."
Nicyo gikeneye guhinduka.Biragerageza kubona plastiki yegeranijwe mumyanda ya Maleziya hanyuma ukeka ko gutunganya ibicuruzwa ari uguta igihe, ariko ntabwo arukuri.Mu Bwongereza, gutunganya ibintu ni inkuru nziza cyane, kandi ubundi buryo - gutwika imyanda yacu cyangwa kuyishyingura - ni bibi.Szaky avuga ko aho kureka gutunganya ibicuruzwa, twese dukwiye gukoresha bike, kongera gukoresha ibyo dushoboye no gufata imyanda yacu nkuko inganda zangiza zibibona: nkumutungo.Ntabwo ari iherezo ryikintu runaka, ahubwo ni intangiriro yikindi kintu.
Ati: “Ntabwo twita imyanda;tuyita ibikoresho, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na Smith witwa Green Recycling, ugaruka muri Maldon.Hasi mu gikari, ikamyo itwara imizigo irimo imipira 35 yikarito yatoranijwe.Kuva hano, Smith azohereza mu ruganda muri Kent kugirango rusunike.Bizaba amakarito mashya yamakarito mugihe cyibyumweru bibiri - n imyanda yundi muntu nyuma gato.
• If you would like a comment on this piece to be considered for inclusion on Weekend magazine’s letters page in print, please email weekend@theguardian.com, including your name and address (not for publication).
Mbere yo kohereza, turashaka kugushimira ko winjiye mu mpaka - twishimiye ko wahisemo kwitabira kandi duha agaciro ibitekerezo byawe nubunararibonye.
Nyamuneka hitamo izina ukoresha munsi wifuza ko ibitekerezo byawe byose byerekanwa.Urashobora gushiraho izina ukoresha rimwe gusa.
Nyamuneka komeza inyandiko zawe ziyubashye kandi ukurikize umurongo ngenderwaho wabaturage - kandi nubona igitekerezo utekereza ko kitubahiriza umurongo ngenderwaho, nyamuneka koresha umurongo wa 'Raporo' kuruhande rwacyo kugirango utumenyeshe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2019