Porogaramu, ibitabo, firime, umuziki, ibiganiro bya TV, nubuhanzi birashishikariza bamwe mubantu bahanga cyane mubucuruzi muri uku kwezi
Itsinda ryatsindiye ibihembo byabanyamakuru, abashushanya, naba videwo bavuga inkuru zamamaza binyuze mumurongo wihariye wa Company
Beachcombing imaze igihe kinini mubuzima bwabaturage birirwa.Ku nkombe yo mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Scarp, ikirwa gito, kitagira ubutayu kiri ku nkombe za Harris muri Outer Hebrides ya Scotland, Mol Mòr (“inyanja nini”) niho abaturage bajyaga gukusanya ibiti byo gusana inyubako no gukora ibikoresho byo mu isanduku.Uyu munsi haracyari driftwood nyinshi, ariko nka plastike nyinshi cyangwa nyinshi.
Scarp yataye mu 1972. Ubu ikirwa gikoreshwa gusa mu cyi na ba nyir'amazu make y'ibiruhuko.Ariko hirya ya Harris na Hebrides, abantu bakomeje gukoresha ibintu bifatika kandi bishushanya ibikoresho bya plastiki byometse ku mucanga.Amazu menshi azaba afite buoy nkeya hamwe na trawler zireremba kumuzitiro no kumarembo.Umuyoboro wa pulasitike wirabura wa PVC, utangwa cyane mu bworozi bw’amafi washenywe ninkubi y'umuyaga, akenshi ukoreshwa mu kuvoma inzira y'ibirenge cyangwa wuzuyemo beto ugakoreshwa nk'uruzitiro.Umuyoboro munini urashobora kugabanywa inzira ndende kugirango ukore ibiryo by'inka zizwi cyane zo mu misozi miremire.
Umugozi hamwe ninshundura bikoreshwa nkumuyaga cyangwa gukumira isuri.Abirwa benshi bakoresha udusanduku tw’amafi - ibisanduku binini bya pulasitike byogejwe ku nkombe - kugira ngo babibike.Hariho inganda ntoya yubukorikori isubiramo ibintu byabonetse nkurwibutso rwubukerarugendo, ihindura tat ya plastike mubintu byose uhereye kubigaburira inyoni kugeza kuri buto.
Ariko uku gutombora ku mucanga, gutunganya, no gukoresha ibintu binini bya pulasitike ntibishobora no gushushanya hejuru yikibazo.Uduce duto twa plastiki bigoye gukusanya birashoboka cyane ko twinjira murwego rwibiryo cyangwa tugasubira mu nyanja.Inkubi y'umuyaga igabanya inkombe z'umugezi akenshi igaragaza geologiya iteye ubwoba, hamwe n'ibice bya pulasitike mu butaka kuri metero nyinshi munsi y'ubutaka.
Raporo zerekana urugero rw’imyanda ihumanya y’inyanja yisi imaze gukwirakwira mu myaka 10 ishize.Ikigereranyo cy'ubunini bwa plastiki yinjira mu nyanja buri mwaka kiva kuri toni miliyoni 8 kugeza kuri toni miliyoni 12, nubwo nta buryo bwo gupima neza.
Ntabwo ari ikibazo gishya: Umwe mu birwa umaze imyaka 35 mu biruhuko kuri Scarp yavuze ko ibintu bitandukanye byabonetse kuri Mol Mòr byagabanutse kuva Umujyi wa New York wahagarika guta imyanda mu nyanja mu 1994. Ariko igabanuka ry’ubudasa ryabaye birenze guhuzwa no kwiyongera kwinshi: Gahunda ya Radiyo BBC 4 Yigura Isi yatangaje mu mwaka wa 2010 ko imyanda ya pulasitike ku nkombe yikubye kabiri kuva 1994.
Kumenyekanisha plastike yo mu nyanja byatumye imbaraga zaho zigira isuku yinyanja.Ariko ingano yo guta yakusanyije itanga ikibazo cyicyo gukora.Ifoto ya pulasitike yo mu nyanja igenda yangirika hamwe n’izuba ryinshi, rimwe na rimwe bikagorana kuyimenya, kandi bigoye kuyitunganya kuko yanduye umunyu kandi akenshi ubuzima bwinyanja bukura hejuru yacyo.Uburyo bumwe bwo gutunganya ibintu bushobora kugerwaho gusa hamwe nikigereranyo ntarengwa cya 10% cya plastiki yinyanja na 90% bya plastiki biva murugo.
Amatsinda yaho rimwe na rimwe arafatanya gukusanya plastike nyinshi ziva ku nkombe, ariko kubayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze ikibazo ni uburyo bwo gukemura ibintu bitera ibibazo bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka kubisubiramo.Ubundi buryo ni imyanda hamwe n'amadorari 100 kuri toni.Jye na Kathy Vones ukora umwarimu n’imitako twasuzumye ubushobozi bwo kongera gukoresha plastiki yo mu nyanja nkibikoresho fatizo bya printer ya 3D, izwi nka filament.
Kurugero, polypropilene (PP) irashobora kumanikwa hasi kandi igahinduka, ariko igomba kuvangwa 50:50 na polylactide (PLA) kugirango igumane printer isaba.Kuvanga ubwoko bwa plastiki nkibi nintambwe isubira inyuma, muburyo bigenda bigorana kuyitunganya, ariko ibyo twe nabandi twiga mugukora ubushakashatsi bushya bushobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho bishobora kudufasha gutera intambwe ebyiri imbere.Ibindi bya plastiki zo mu nyanja nka polyethylene terephthalate (PET) na polyethelene yuzuye (HDPE) nabyo birakwiye.
Ubundi buryo narebye ni ugushonga umugozi wa polypropilene hejuru yumuriro nkawukoresha mumashini iterwa inshinge.Ariko ubu buhanga bwari bufite ibibazo byo kubungabunga neza ubushyuhe bukwiye, hamwe numwotsi wuburozi.
Umushinga w’Ubuholandi wahimbye Boyan Slat's Ocean Cleanup yarushijeho kwifuza cyane, agamije kugarura 50% y’imyanda nini y’imyanda nini ya pasifika mu myaka itanu hamwe n’urushundura runini rwahagaritswe n’umuriro utwika ufata plastiki ukawushyira mu kibanza cyo gukusanya.Nyamara, umushinga wagiye mubibazo, kandi uko byagenda kose uzakusanya ibice binini gusa hejuru.Bigereranijwe ko igice kinini cya plastiki yo mu nyanja ari ibice bitarenze mm 1 z'ubunini byahagaritswe mu nkingi y’amazi, hamwe na plastiki nyinshi ziroha mu nyanja.
Ibi bizakenera ibisubizo bishya.Kuraho plastike nyinshi mubidukikije nikibazo kibabaje kizabana natwe ibinyejana byinshi.Dukeneye imbaraga zihuriweho n’abanyapolitiki n’inganda n’ibitekerezo bishya - byose birabura.
Ian Lambert ni umwarimu wungirije ushinzwe igishushanyo mbonera muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh Napier.Iyi ngingo yongeye gutangazwa kuva Ikiganiro munsi yuburenganzira bwa Creative Commons.Soma ingingo yumwimerere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-30-2019