Kubatanidza tepi yakarukwa, overmolding uye fomu-kukiya, herone inogadzira imwe-chidimbu, yakakwira-torque giya-driveshaft semuratidziri wehuwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.
Unitized composite gear-driveshaft.Herone inoshandisa akarukwa thermoplastic composite prepreg matepi se preforms yemaitiro anosanganisa driveshaft laminate uye overmolds anoshanda senge magiya, achigadzira akabatana zvimiro zvinoderedza huremu, chikamu chekuverenga, nguva yegungano uye mutengo.Kunobva mifananidzo yese |herone
Kufungidzira kwazvino kunoda kupetwa kaviri kwendege dzekutengesa mumakore makumi maviri anotevera.Kuti zvigadzirise izvi, mitengo yekugadzira muna 2019 yemacomposites-intensive widebody jetliners inosiyana kubva pagumi kusvika gumi nemana pamwedzi paOEM, nepo vadiki vakatokwira kusvika makumi matanhatu pamwedzi paOEM.Airbus inonyanya kushanda nevashambadziri kushandura echinyakare asi nguva-yakanyanya, ruoko kugadzika prepreg zvikamu paA320 kune zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nekukurumidza, 20-maminetsi ekutenderera nguva maitiro akadai seyakanyanya-kumanikidza resin kutamisa molding (HP-RTM), nokudaro kubatsira chikamu vatengesi vanosangana nekumwe kusundidzira kundege zana pamwedzi.Zvichakadaro, musika uri kusimukira wemhepo wekufamba uye musika wekufambisa uri kufanotaura kudiwa kwezviuru zvitatu zvemagetsi vertical takeoff uye kumhara (EVTOL) pagore (250 pamwedzi).
"Indasitiri inoda tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji ine yakapfupika kutenderera nguva inobvumidzawo kubatanidza mabasa, ayo anopihwa ne thermoplastic composite," anodaro Daniel Barfuss, mubatsiri uye maneja weherone (Dresden, Germany), tekinoroji inosanganisa uye zvikamu zvekugadzira. femu inoshandisa yakakwirira-performance thermoplastic matrix zvinhu kubva ku polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) kuenda ku polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) uye polyaryletherketone (PAEK)."Chinangwa chedu chikuru ndechekubatanidza kushanda kwepamusoro kwe thermoplastic composites (TPCs) nemutengo wakaderera, kugonesa zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira serial maapplication uye maapplication matsva," anowedzera Dr. Christian Garthaus, wechipiri co-muvambi uye maneja. shamwari.
Kuti izvi zviitike, kambani yakagadzira nzira itsva, kutanga nematepi akaiswa zvizere, anoramba achiruka, achiruka matepi aya kuti agadzire preform "organoTube" isina hollow uye kubatanidza organoTubes kuita maprofile ane akasiyana-siyana machinjiro uye maumbirwo.Mune inotevera nhanho yekuita, inoshandisa iyo weldability uye thermoformability yeTPC kubatanidza zvinhu zvinoshanda senge magiya anoumbwa pane madhiraivha, magumo-mafittings pamapombi, kana kutakurisa zvinhu mutension-compression struts.Barfuss anowedzera kuti pane sarudzo yekushandisa hybrid molding process - yakagadziridzwa neketone matrix mutengesi Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) uye mutengesi wezvikamu Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, US) - inoshandisa yakaderera tembiricha yekunyungudika PAEK tepi yemaprofiles. uye PEEK yekuwedzeredza, ichigonesa yakasanganiswa, chinhu chimwe chete pakubatana (ona "Overmolding inowedzera huwandu hwePEEK mumakombisheni")."Kuchinjika kwedu kunoitawo kuti geometrical fomu-kukiya," anowedzera, "iyo inoburitsa zvimiro zvakabatanidzwa zvinokwanisa kumira zvakatokwirira mitoro."
Maitiro eherone anotanga neakazara akaiswa kabhoni faibha-akasimbisa thermoplastic matepi akarukwa kuita organoTubes uye akabatanidzwa."Takatanga kushanda nema organoTubes aya makore gumi apfuura, tichigadzira mapombi e hydraulic pombi dzekufamba nendege," anodaro Garthaus.Anotsanangura kuti nemhaka yokuti hapana mapaipi maviri ehydraulic endege ane geometry yakafanana, mold ingadiwa nokuda kweimwe neimwe, pachishandiswa unyanzvi huripo.“Taida pombi yaikwanisa kugadzirwa mushure mekuita kuti pave negeometry yepombi yega yega.Saka, pfungwa yaive yekugadzira maprofile anoenderera mberi obva CNC akotamisa aya mumajiometri aidiwa. "
Fig. 2 Matepi akarukwa prepreg anopa net-shape preforms anonzi organoTubes eherone's injection-forming process uye anogonesa kugadzirwa kweakasiyana maumbirwo.
Izvi zvinonzwika zvakafanana nezviri kuitwa neSigma Precision Components (Hinckley, UK) (ona "Kugadzirisa aeroengines nemapombi anoumbwa") nekabhoni fiber / PEEK injini yekupfeka."Vari kutarisa zvikamu zvakafanana asi vanoshandisa imwe nzira yekubatanidza," Garthaus anotsanangura."Nemaitiro edu, tinoona mukana wekuwedzera kuita, senge isingasviki 2% porosity yezvivakwa zvemuchadenga."
Garthaus' Ph.D.thesis basa paILK yakaongororwa ichishandisa inoenderera thermoplastic composite (TPC) pultrusion kugadzira machubhu akarukwa, izvo zvakakonzera patented inoenderera mberi yekugadzira maitiro eTPC machubhu nemaprofile.Nekudaro, parizvino, heroine yakasarudza kushanda nevashambadziri vendege uye vatengi vachishandisa discontinuous molding process."Izvi zvinotipa rusununguko rwekugadzira ese akasiyana maumbirwo, anosanganisira akakombama profiles uye ayo ane akasiyana-siyana-chikamu, pamwe nekushandisa zvigamba zvemuno uye ply drop-offs," anotsanangura kudaro."Tiri kushanda kuti tigadzirise hurongwa hwekubatanidza zvigamba zvemuno tozozvibatanidza pamwe neiyo composite profile.Chaizvoizvo, zvese zvaungaite nemaflat laminates nemabhomba, isu tinogona kuitira machubhu nemaprofile. "
Kugadzira aya TPC hollow profiles yaive imwe yematambudziko akaomarara, anodaro Garthaus.“Haugone kushandisa chitambi-kugadzira kana kuvhuvhuta nesilicone dundira;saka, taifanira kugadzira nzira itsva. "Asi maitiro aya anogonesa kuita kwepamusoro-soro uye kurongeka chubhu uye shaft-yakavakirwa zvikamu, anodaro.Yakagonesawo kushandisa iyo hybrid molding yakagadziridzwa Victrex, uko yakaderera kunyunguduka tembiricha PAEK yakafukidzwa nePEEK, ichibatanidza iyo organosheet uye jekiseni molding mune imwe nhanho.
Chimwe chinocherechedzwa chekushandisa organoTube yakarukwa tepi preforms ndechekuti ivo vanoburitsa marara mashoma."Nekurukwa, tine marara asingasviki 2%, uye nekuti iri tepi yeTPC, tinogona kushandisa marara aya mashoma kumashure mukuwedzeredza kuti tiwane huwandu hwekushandisa zvinhu kusvika ku100%," Garthaus anosimbisa.
Barfuss naGarthaus vakatanga basa ravo rekusimudzira sevatsvagiri paInstitute of Lightweight Engineering uye Polymer Technology (ILK) paTU Dresden."Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikoro zvakakura zvemuEurope zvemacomposites uye mahybrid lightweight dhizaini," anodaro Barfuss.Iye naGarthaus vakashanda ikoko kweanoda kusvika makore gumi pane akati wandei ebudiriro, kusanganisira inoenderera TPC pultrusion uye akasiyana marudzi ekujoinha.Basa iro rakazopedzisira ranyungudutswa mune yave ikozvino heroone TPC process tekinoroji.
"Takabva tanyorera kuGerman EXIST chirongwa, icho chine chinangwa chekuendesa tekinoroji yakadaro kumaindasitiri uye mari ye40-60 mapurojekiti gore rega rega munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekutsvaga," anodaro Barfuss."Takagamuchira mari yemidziyo mikuru, vashandi vana uye kudyara kwedanho rinotevera rekuwedzera."Vakaumba herone muna Chivabvu 2018 mushure mekuratidzira kuJEC World.
NeJEC World 2019, heroine yakanga yagadzira zvikamu zvekuratidzira, zvinosanganisira lightweight, high-torque, integrated gear driveshaft, kana gearshaft."Isu tinoshandisa kabhoni fiber / PAEK tepi organoTube yakarukwa pamakona anodiwa nechikamu uye tinoibatanidza iyo muchubhu," anotsanangura Barfuss."Tinobva tapisa chubhu pa200 ° C uye toiputira negiya rakagadzirwa nekubaya kabhoni kapfupi kakasimbisa PEEK pa380 ° C."Kuwedzeredza kwakagadzirwa uchishandisa Moldflow Insight kubva kuAutodesk (San Rafael, Calif., US).Nguva yekuzadza Mold yakagadziridzwa kusvika 40.5 masekonzi uye yakawanikwa uchishandisa Arburg (Lossburg, Germany) ALLROUNDER jekiseni rekuumba muchina.
Kuwedzeredza uku hakungodzikisi mutengo wegungano, matanho ekugadzira uye zvinhu, asi zvakare kunowedzera mashandiro.Musiyano we40 ° C pakati pekunyunguduka tembiricha yePAEK shaft uye iyo yakawandisa PEEK giya inogonesa yakabatana kunyunguduka-kusunga pakati pezviviri pachikamu chemolecular.Yechipiri mhando yekujoinha michina, fomu-kukiya, inowanikwa nekushandisa jekiseni kumanikidza kuti panguva imwe chete thermoform shaft panguva yekuwedzeredza kugadzira fomu-kukiya contour.Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo 1 pazasi se "injection-forming".Iyo inogadzira corrugated kana sinusoidal circumference uko giya rinobatanidzwa rinopesana neyakatsetseka denderedzwa muchinjiko-chikamu, izvo zvinoguma mune geometrically kukiya fomu.Izvi zvinowedzera kusimba kwegearshaft yakabatanidzwa, sezvakaratidzwa mukuedzwa (ona girafu pazasi kurudyi) Fig.1. Yakagadzirwa pamwe nekubatana neVictrex uye ILK, herone inoshandisa jekiseni kudzvinyirira panguva yekuwedzeredza kugadzira fomu-locking contour mugearshaft yakabatanidzwa (kumusoro) .Iyi jekiseni-inogadzira nzira inobvumira gearshaft yakabatanidzwa nekuvhara fomu (green curve pa graph) kuti chengetedza torque yakakwirira vs. giya-driveshaft yakawandisa isina fomu-kukiya (black curve pagirafu).
"Vanhu vazhinji vari kuwana kunyungudika kwakabatana panguva yekuwedzeredza," anodaro Garthaus, "uye vamwe vari kushandisa fomu-kukiya mumakombisi, asi kiyi kubatanidza zvese kuita imwe chete, otomatiki maitiro."Anotsanangura kuti kune mhedzisiro yebvunzo muFig. 1, zvese shaft uye yakazara denderedzwa yegiya yakasungirirwa zvakasiyana, ndokutenderedzwa kuti iite shear loading.Kutadza kwekutanga pagirafu kunomakwa nedenderedzwa kuratidza kuti ndeye giya rePEEK rakawandisa risina kukiya fomu.Kukundikana kwechipiri kunoratidzwa nedenderedzwa rakadzimirirwa rakafanana nenyeredzi, zvichiratidza kuyedzwa kwegiya rakaputirwa rine fomu-kukiya."Panyaya iyi, une zvese zvakabatana uye zvakakiyiwa kujoinha," anodaro Garthaus, "uye iwe unowana kanenge 44% kuwedzera kwetorque."Chinonetsa pari zvino, anodaro, ndere kuwana fomu-kukiya kuti utore mutoro panguva yakare kuti uwedzere kuwedzera torque iyi gearshaft ichabata isati yatadza.
Chinhu chakakosha nezve contour fomu-kukiya iyo herone inowana neayo jekiseni-inogadzira ndeyekuti yakanyatsogadzirirwa kune yega chikamu uye kurodha icho chikamu chinofanira kumira.Semuenzaniso, mugearshaft, iyo fomu-kukiya inotenderera, asi mukumanikidza-kumanikidza struts pazasi, ndeye axial."Ichi chikonzero nei zvatakagadzira inzira yakakura," anodaro Garthaus."Masanganisiro atinoita mabasa uye zvikamu zvinoenderana nechishandiso chemunhu, asi kana tikanyanya kuita izvi, uremu uye mutengo watinogona kuchengetedza."
Zvakare, iyo pfupi-fiber yakasimbiswa ketone inoshandiswa mune yakawandisa inoshanda zvinhu senge magiya inopa yakanakisa kupfeka nzvimbo.Victrex yakaratidza izvi uye kutaura zvazviri, inotengesa chokwadi ichi kune yayo PEEK uye PAEK zvinhu.
Barfuss anonongedza kuti giya rakasanganiswa, iro rakazivikanwa ne2019 JEC World Innovation Mubairo muchikamu cheaerospace, "kuratidzira kwemaitiro edu, kwete maitiro anotarisa pane imwechete application.Isu taida kuongorora kuti yakawanda sei yatingagadzirisa kugadzira uye kushandisa zvivakwa zveTPC kugadzira zvinoshanda, zvakabatanidzwa zvimiro. "Iyo kambani parizvino iri optimize tension-compression rods, inoshandiswa mukushandisa senge struts.
Fig. 3 Tension-compression strutsInjection-forming inotambanudzirwa kune struts, apo heroine inodarika simbi inotakura kutakura chinhu muchikamu chechimiro uchishandisa axial fomu-kukiya kuti iwedzere kujoinwa simba.
Chinhu chinoshanda chetension-compression struts chikamu chesimbi chinotamisa mitoro kuenda nekubva kune simbi forogo kuenda kune inoumbwa chubhu (ona mufananidzo uri pazasi).Jekiseni-kuumba inoshandiswa kubatanidza iyo metallic load sumo element mucomposite strut body.
"Kubatsira kukuru kwatinopa kudzikisa huwandu hwezvikamu," anodaro.“Izvi zvinorerutsa kuneta, rinova dambudziko guru pakushandiswa kwendege.Form-locking yakatoshandiswa mu thermoset composites nepurasitiki kana simbi inopinza, asi hapana kubatana kwakabatana, saka unogona kuwana kufamba kudiki pakati pezvikamu.Maitiro edu, zvisinei, anopa chimiro chakabatana chisina kufamba kwakadaro. "
Garthaus anotaura kushivirira kwekukuvara serimwe dambudziko rezvikamu izvi."Iwe unofanirwa kukanganisa mastruts wobva waedza kuneta," anotsanangura kudaro."Nemhaka yekuti tiri kushandisa yakakwira-inoshanda thermoplastic matrix zvinhu, tinokwanisa kuwana anosvika makumi mana muzana epamusoro kukuvara kushivirira maringe ne thermosets, uye chero ma microcracks kubva mukukanganisa anokura zvishoma nekuremerwa nekuneta."
Kunyangwe zviratidziro zvichiratidza kuisirwa simbi, herone parizvino iri kugadzira iyo-yese-thermoplastic mhinduro, ichigonesa kubatana pakati peiyo composite strut muviri uye mutoro wekusuma chinhu."Kana tichikwanisa, tinosarudza kugara zvese-composite uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa nekuchinja rudzi rwefiber reinforcement, kusanganisira kabhoni, girazi, inoenderera uye pfupi fiber," anodaro Garthaus."Nenzira iyi, tinoderedza kuomarara uye nyaya dzemashandisirwo.Semuenzaniso, isu tine matambudziko mashoma kana tichienzaniswa nekubatanidza thermosets uye thermoplastics.Pamusoro pezvo, chisungo chiri pakati pePAEK nePEEK chakaedzwa neTri-Mack nemhedzisiro inoratidza kuti ine 85% yesimba reiyo base unidirectional CF/PAEK laminate uye yakasimba zvakapetwa kaviri seadhesive bonds uchishandisa indasitiri-standard epoxy film adhesive.
Barfuss anoti heroone parizvino ane vashandi vapfumbamwe uye ari kushandura kubva kune mutengesi wekuvandudza tekinoroji kuenda kune mutengesi wezvikamu zvendege.Nhanho yayo huru inotevera kuvandudzwa kwefekitari itsva muDresden.“Pakupera kwa2020 tichange tave nechirimwa chekuyedza kugadzira zvikamu zvekutanga,” anodaro."Isu tiri kutoshanda nendege OEMs uye makiyi eTier 1 vatengesi, tichiratidza magadzirirwo emhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa."
Kambani iyi iri kushanda zvakare nevashambadziri ve eVTOL uye vabatsiri vakasiyana muUS Sezvo herone ichikura maapplication endege, iri kuwanawo ruzivo rwekugadzira nekushandisa zvinhu zvemitambo zvinosanganisira zviremwaremwa uye zvikamu zvebhasikoro."Tekinoroji yedu inogona kuburitsa huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvikamu zvakaoma nekuita, kutenderera nguva uye mari inobatsira," anodaro Garthaus."Nguva yedu yekutenderera tichishandisa PEEK maminetsi makumi maviri, maringe ne240 maminetsi tichishandisa autoclave-yakarapwa prepreg.Isu tinoona nzvimbo yakakura yemikana, asi parizvino, tarisiro yedu iri pakuita kuti zvikumbiro zvedu zvekutanga zvigadzirwe uye kuratidza kukosha kwezvikamu zvakadaro kumusika. "
Herone ichave ichitaurawo paCarbon Fiber 2019. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pechiitiko pa carbonfiberevent.com.
Yakatarisana nekugadzirisa zvechinyakare ruoko kugadzika, nacelle uye thrust reverser vagadziri vanoisa ziso pakushandiswa kweramangwana kweautomation uye kuvharika kuumbwa.
Ndege yezvombo system inowana kushanda kwepamusoro kwekabhoni / epoxy nekushanda kwekumanikidza kuumbwa.
Nzira dzekuverenga zvinokanganisa macomposites pane zvakatipoteredza dzinogonesa kuenzanisa kunofambiswa nedata kune zvechinyakare zvinhu padanho rekutamba.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-19-2019