Kufemerwa nekurambidzwa kwemabhegi epurasitiki, masimba akaisa maonero azvo pane chakakurisa chinangwa: iyo yekuenda-kofi kapu.
Kufemerwa nekurambidzwa kwemabhegi epurasitiki, masimba akaisa maonero azvo pane chakakurisa chinangwa: iyo yekuenda-kofi kapu.
Iyo People's Republic of Berkeley, Calif., inodada nehutungamiriri hwayo pazvinhu zvese zvechivanhu uye zvakatipoteredza.Guta diki rakasununguka kumabvazuva kweSan Francisco raive rimwe remaguta ekutanga eUS kutora nzira yekudzokorodza nzira.Yakarambidza styrofoam uye yakakurumidza kutora mabhegi epurasitiki ekutenga.Pakutanga gore rino, kanzuru yeguta reBerkeley yakazivisa denda idzva rezvakatipoteredza: Kapu yekofi yekuenda.
Anosvika mamirioni makumi mana makapu anoraswa anokandwa muguta gore rega rega, sekureva kwekanzuru yeguta, ingangoita imwe chete pamugari pazuva.Saka muna Ndira, guta rakati zvichada zvitoro zvekofi kubhadharisa mamwe masendi makumi maviri neshanu kune vatengi vanoshandisa kapu yekuenda nayo."Kumirira haisisiri sarudzo," Sophie Hahn, nhengo yekanzuru yeguta reBerkeley akanyora mutemo, akadaro panguva iyoyo.
Vakurirwa nemarara, masimba pasi rose ari kurambidza midziyo yekutakurisa epurasitiki nekapu.Europe inoti makapu epurasitiki ezvinwiwa anofanirwa kuenda ne 2021. India inoda kuti abude ne 2022. Taiwan yakaisa zuva rekupedzisira re 2030. Kubhadharisa seBerkeley kunogona kuwedzera kuwanda mukuedza kukurumidza kuchinja maitiro evatengi vasati varambidzwa zvakanyanya.
Kune cheni dzakaita seStarbucks Corp., iyo inodarika mabhiriyoni matanhatu emakapu pagore, izvi zvinomiririra isingasviki dambudziko riripo.Dunkin 'ichangozvitumidza zita rekuti de-kusimbisa kwayakabva donut uye ikozvino yave pedyo ne70 muzana yemari yayo kubva kune zvinwiwa zvekofi.Asi zvakare idambudziko riri kunetsa reMcDonald's Corp. uye yakakura kwazvo indasitiri yechikafu.
Vakuru vakambofungira kuti zuva iri richasvika.Vakaparadzana uye pamwe chete, vanga vachishanda pane imwe nzira ine hushamwari kune epurasitiki-yakapetwa, yakapetwa kaviri, yepurasitiki-yakavharwa kapu yemapepa kweanopfuura makore gumi.
"Zvinoshungurudza mweya wangu," akadaro Scott Murphy, mukuru anoshanda weDunkin 'Brands Group Inc., iyo inodarika bhiriyoni imwe yekofi makapu pagore.Anga achishanda pakugadzirisazve kapu yeketani iyi kubvira pakatsidza kuti icharega kushandisa furo muna 2010. Gore rino, zvitoro zvaro zvave kupedzisira zvave kuita shanduko kuenda kumakapu emapepa, uye zviri kuramba zvichinanzva nezvinhu zvitsva nemagadzirirwo.
“Zvakaoma zvishoma pane zvatinonzi titendwe nevanhu,” anodaro Murphy.“Mukombe iwoyo imhando yekudyidzana kwepedyo nemutengi wedu.Icho chikamu chikuru chechiratidzo chedu uye nhaka yedu. "
Makapu anoraswa zvinhu zvechizvino-zvino.Anenge makore 100 apfuura, vamiriri vehutano hweveruzhinji vaida kurambidza rudzi rwakasiyana rwemukombe—mudziyo wokunwira veruzhinji, tin kana kapu yegirazi yakasiiwa pedyo nematsime ekunwira.Lawrence Luellen paakapa patent yekapu yekurasa yakamisikidzwa nenamo, akaidaidza sechinhu chitsva muhutsanana, chiyero chekudzivirira kurwisa zvirwere zvakaita semabayo uye tibhii.
Kuenda-kuenda kofi tsika haina kubuda kusvika gare gare.McDonald's yakaburitsa chikafu chemangwanani munyika yose mukupera kwema1970.Anopfuura makore gumi gare gare, Starbucks yakavhura chitoro chemakumi mashanu.Pamwe chete naDunkin', vatatu ava vatengesa madhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri ekofi gore negore, maererano nefungidziro kubva kuBTIG LLC muongorori Peter Saleh.
Zvichakadaro, makambani akaita seGeorgia-Pacific LLC neInternational Paper Co. akakura pamwe chete nemusika wemakapu anoraswa, ayo akarova $12 bhiriyoni muna 2016. Pakazosvika 2026, inotarisirwa kuswedera kumadhora mabhiriyoni makumi maviri.
IUS inotora mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri emakapu emapepa, epurasitiki uye foam makofi gore rega rega, kana chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chepasi rose.Anenge ose ekupedzisira—99,75 muzana—anoguma ava marara, uko kunyange makapu emapepa anogona kutora anopfuura makore 20 kuti awore.
Mafungu ekurambidzwa kwemabhegi epurasitiki akakurudzira kuedza kutsva kwekumisa marara emukombe.Chikafu uye zvinwiwa midziyo idambudziko rakakura, dzimwe nguva ichigadzira ka20 marara ayo mabhegi epurasitiki anoita mune chero nzvimbo.Asi kudzokera kumabhegi emachira anogona kushandiswa zvakare kuri nyore.Neku-kuenda kofi makapu, hapana imwe nzira iri nyore.Berkeley irikukurudzira vagari kuti vauye nekagi yekufambisa-ingoikanda mubhegi rako rekutenga rinoshandiswazve!—uye zvese Starbucks neDunkin' zvinopa zvidzikiso kune avo vanoita.
Zvitoro zvekofi zvinoziva kuti makapu anogona kushandiswazve mhinduro yakanaka, asi izvozvi, kumafranchise anogona kunge ari "yebasa rinotyisa," anodaro Dunkin's Murphy.Masevha haambozivi kana kapu yakasviba kana kuti kana vachifanira kuigeza, uye zvakaoma kuziva kuti yakawanda sei yekuzadza kofi diki kana yepakati mukagi hombe.
Makumi gumi apfuura, Starbucks yakavimbisa kushandira inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana yekofi yayo mumakagi ekufambisa ega.Yakabva yagadzirisa zvinangwa zvayo pasi.Iyo kambani inopa mutero kune chero munhu anounza yavo gagi, uye vachiri chete vangangoita 5 muzana yevatengi vanoita.Yakawedzera kwechinguva mubhadharo we5-pence kumakapu anoraswa muUK gore rapfuura, iyo yaakati yakawedzera kushandiswazve kapu kushandisa 150 muzana.
Zvakatora makore mapfumbamwe kuti Dunkin 'awane imwe nzira yekusaina foam mukombe.Kuedza kwekutanga kwaida mavharo matsva, iwo pachawo akaoma kudzokorodza.Maprototypes akagadzirwa kubva muzana muzana zvinhu zvakadzokororwa zvakasungwa uye zvakanamirwa pasi.Kapu yakagadzirwa neshinda dzehowa yaivimbiswa kuti yaizoora nyore, asi yaidhura kuti ikwire mavhoriyamu makuru.
Cheni iyi yakazogara pane kapu yepepa ine madziro ane madziro epurasitiki, yakakora zvakakwana kudzivirira maoko emasipper asina sleeve yekunze uye inopindirana nemavharo aivepo.Izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva pabepa rakacheneswa uye biodegrade nekukurumidza kupfuura furo, asi ndizvozvo - zvinodhura kugadzira uye hazvidzokororwe nzvimbo zhinji.
Makapu emapepa anozivikanwa kunetsa kudzokorodza.Vanodzokororazve vanonetsekana kuti mapurasitiki epurasitiki achamesa michina yavo, saka vanogarovatumira kumarara.Kune michina mitatu chete ye "batch pulper" muNorth America inokwanisa kupatsanura jira repurasitiki kubva pamapepa.
Kana maguta achigona kuvandudza kudzokorodza pachiyero, ingangoita imwe mumakapu makumi maviri nemashanu ekofi inogona kudzokororwa mumakore mashoma, kubva pa1 mu400, maererano neUK's Paper Cup Recovery & Recycling Boka.Ndiyo huru "kana."Vatengi vanowanzokanda kapu dzavo dzekofi dzakanamirwa pazvivharo zvepurasitiki, izvo zvinozofanira kupatsanurwa zvisati zvashandiswazve, zvakasiyana 1 .Dunkin' anoti iri kushanda nemakanzuru kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti makapu anogona kudzokororwa achave ari.“Rwendo—handifungi kuti ruchazombopera,” anodaro Dunkin’s Murphy.McDonald's Corp. nguva pfupi yadarika yakabatana neStarbucks nemamwe maresitorendi anokurumidza kutsigira madhora gumi emamiriyoni eNextGen Cup Challenge - "pfuti yemwedzi" yekuvandudza, kumhanyisa uye kuyera mukombe wakasimba wekuenda.Muna Kukadzi, makwikwi akazivisa vakundi gumi nevaviri, kusanganisira makapu akagadzirwa necompostable uye anodzokororwa paperboard;kugadzirwa kwechirimwa-based lining iyo inogona kuchengetedza mvura mukati;uye zvirongwa zvine chinangwa chekukurudzira kushandiswazve kwekapu.
"Tiri kutsvaga mhinduro dziri pedyo-nguva yekutengeserana uye zvinhu zvinoshuvira," akadaro Bridget Croke, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wezvekunze kuClosed Loop Partners, kambani yekudyara yakanangana nekudzokorodza iyo iri kugadzirisa dambudziko.
Mukombe unogona kudzikisira nekukurumidza ungave mhinduro imwe - kurambidzwa kweEurope kunoita kuti pasave nemikombe inosanganiswa inoparara mumavhiki gumi nemaviri - asi kunyangwe kapu yakadai yaiwanikwa nyore uye isingadhuri, US haina kukwana mumaindasitiri. midziyo yekugadzira manyowa inodiwa kuti iparare.Pakadaro vanonanga kunoraswa marara, kwavasingazoore zvachose 2 .
Pamusangano wayo wepagore muna 2018, Starbucks yakaedza chinyararire kapu yekofi yakagadzirwa kubva kuzvikamu zvakadzokororwa zvemimwe kapu yekofi, yainyanya kutorwa semukombe tsvene.Chaive chiitiko chehunyanzvi hwekuita senge chero chinhu chipi zvacho: Kuti igadzirise kumhanya kushoma, ketani yekofi yakaunganidza marori emakapu ndokuatumira kunogadziriswa kuSustana batch pulper muWisconsin.Kubva ipapo, mafibhi akafamba achienda kuWestRock Co. paper mill kuTexas kuti ashandurwe kuita makapu, ayo akadhindwa nelogos neimwezve kambani.Kunyange kana mukombe waitevera waive nani kune zvakatipoteredza, nzira yakashandiswa kuigadzira yakanga isiri iyo. 't."Pane dambudziko guru reinjiniya pano," akadaro Closed Loop's Croke."Zvave pachena kuti mhinduro dzemakambani dzanga dzichishanda pakugadzirisa nyaya iyi hadzina kukurumidza zvakakwana."
Saka hurumende, seBerkeley's, hadzina kumirira.Guta rakaongorora vagari risati ravapa mhosva uye rakaona kuti zvaizoita kuti vanopfuura makumi manomwe muzana vatange kuunza mikombe yavo nekuwedzera kwemakumi maviri neshanu, akadaro Miriam Gordon, director director kuboka risingabatsiri reUpstream, iro rakabatsira Berkeley kunyora mutemo wayo. mutero unoitirwa kuedza kuzvibata kwevanhu, kwete mutero wechinyakare.Zvitoro zvekofi zveBerkeley zvinochengeta mari yakawedzerwa uye zvinogona kutodzikisa mitengo yazvo kuitira kuti zvinobhadharwa nemutengi zvirambe zvakafanana.Vanofanira kungove pachena kuti pane mari yekuwedzera."Inofanira kuonekwa kumutengi," akadaro Gordon."Ndizvo zvinokurudzira vanhu kuti vachinje maitiro."
Izvi zvese zvakatonyanya kuipa muna 2018 apo China yakafunga kuti yainge yakwana marara ayo ekuzvinetsa nayo ndokumira kugadzira "zvakasvibiswa" - zvakasanganiswa zvinhu - marara kubva kune dzimwe nyika.
Compostables inoda kuyerera kwemhepo yakasununguka kuti iparare.Nekuti marashi akavharirwa kudzivirira kudonha, kunyangwe kapu yakagadzirirwa kuputsika nekukurumidza haiwane kutenderera kwemhepo yainoda kuita.
Nguva yekutumira: May-25-2019