Maapplication, mabhuku, mafirimu, mimhanzi, zvirongwa zveTV, uye hunyanzvi zviri kukurudzira vamwe vedu vevanhu vakanyanya kugadzira mubhizinesi mwedzi uno.
Chikwata chinohwina mubairo chevatapi venhau, vagadziri, uye vatori vevhidhiyo vanotaura nyaya dzemhando kuburikidza neFast Company's lens yakasarudzika.
Kuchera mugungwa kwagara kuri chikamu chehupenyu kunharaunda dzezvitsuwa.Kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweScarp, chitsuwa chidiki, chisina miti kubva pamhenderekedzo yeHarris muOuter Hebrides yeScotland, Mol Mòr (“mahombekombe egungwa”) ndiko kwaienda vagari veko kunotora matanda anodonhera kugadziridza zvivako uye kugadzira fenicha nemabhokisi.Nhasi kuchine yakawanda driftwood, asi yakawanda kana kupfuura epurasitiki.
Scarp yakasiiwa muna 1972. Chitsuwa chacho ikozvino chinoshandiswa chete muzhizha nevaridzi venhamba shoma yedzimba dzezororo.Asi mhiri kwaHarris neHebrides, vanhu vanoramba vachiita uye kushongedza kushandisa kwezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvemahombekombe.Dzimba zhinji dzinenge dziine mabhuoy mashoma nematrawler anoyangarara akarembera pafenzi nepamagwatidziro.Pombi yePVC yepurasitiki nhema, mune zvakawanda zvinopihwa kubva kumapurazi ehove akaputswa nemadutu, inowanzoshandiswa panzira yekufamba netsoka kana kuzadzwa nekongiri uye inoshandiswa semapango efenzi.Pombi hombe inokwanisa kupatsanurwa kureba kugadzira madhiri emombe dzine mukurumbira dzakasimba.
Tambo nemambure zvinoshandiswa sezvinodzivirira mhepo kana kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu.Vagari vepazvitsuwa vakawanda vanoshandisa mabhokisi ehove—mabhokisi mahombe epurasitiki anogezeswa kumahombekombe—kuti vachengete.Uye kune diki indasitiri yehunyanzvi inodzosera zvinhu zvakawanikwa sezviyeuchidzo zvevashanyi, ichishandura mapurasitiki epurasitiki kuita chero chinhu kubva kune zvekudyisa shiri kusvika kumabhatani.
Asi uku kukomba kwemahombekombe, kudzokorodza, uye kushandiswazve kwezvinhu zvakakura zvepurasitiki hazvitombokwenya pamusoro pedambudziko.Zvimedu zviduku zvepurasitiki zvakaoma kuunganidza zvinowanzopinda mucheni yezvokudya kana kudhonzwa zvakare mugungwa.Madutu ari kucheka kumahombekombe enzizi anowanzo ratidza mapurasitiki anotyisa, ane zvidimbu zvezvidimbu zvepurasitiki muvhu mamita akawanda pasi pepamusoro.
Mishumo inoratidza kukura kwekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki mumakungwa epasi pose yakapararira mumakore gumi apfuura.Kufungidzira kwehuwandu hwepurasitiki inopinda mumakungwa gore negore inobva pamamiriyoni masere kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri, kunyange zvazvo pasina nzira yekuyera izvi nemazvo.
Harisi dambudziko idzva: Mumwe wevagari vepachitsuwa akapedza makore 35 ari pazororo paScarp akati zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawanikwa paMol Mòr zvadzikira kubvira New York City yakamira kurasira marara mugungwa muna 1994. Asi kuderera kwekusiyana-siyana kwave kuri zvinopfuura zvakafananidzwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu: Chirongwa cheBBC Radio 4 Inodhura Nyika yakashuma muna 2010 kuti marata epurasitiki pamahombekombe akawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kubvira 1994.
Kuwedzera kuziva nezvepurasitiki yemugungwa kwakurudzira kuedza kwenzvimbo kuchengetedza mahombekombe akachena.Asi huwandu hwekurasa hwakaunganidzwa hunoisa mubvunzo wekuti ungaite sei nazvo.Ocean plastiki foto-inodzikira nekuratidzwa kwenguva refu kuchiedza chezuva, dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti zviome kuziva, uye zvakaoma kudzokorodza sezvo yakasvibiswa nemunyu uye kazhinji nehupenyu hwemugungwa hunokura pamusoro payo.Dzimwe nzira dzekudzokorodza dzinogona kubudirira chete nechiyero chepamusoro che10% yepurasitiki yegungwa kusvika 90% epurasitiki kubva kudzimba.
Mapoka emunharaunda dzimwe nguva anoshanda pamwechete kuti atore mapurasitiki akawanda kubva kumahombekombe, asi kuvakuru venzvimbo dambudziko riripo nderekuti vangagadzirisa sei zvinhu zvinonetsa zvakaoma kana kutadza kugadzikiswa zvakare.Imwe nzira ndeyekurasira marara nemari inoita $100 patani imwe chete.Mudzidzisi uye mugadziri wezvishongo Kathy Vones neni takaongorora mukana wekushandisa zvakare mapurasitiki emugungwa seyakagadzirwa maprinta e3D, anozivikanwa sefilament.
Semuenzaniso, polypropylene (PP) inogona kudzika pasi uye kuumbwa zviri nyore, asi inofanirwa kusanganiswa 50:50 ne polylactide (PLA) kuchengetedza kuenderana kunodiwa neprinta.Kusanganisa mhando dzemapurasitiki seizvi idanho rekudzokera kumashure, mupfungwa yekuti ivo vanonyanya kuoma kudzoreredza, asi izvo isu nevamwe zvatinodzidza kuburikidza nekuongorora hutsva hunogona kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinogona kutibvumira kutora matanho maviri mberi mune ramangwana.Mamwe mapurasitiki egungwa akadai se polyethylene terephthalate (PET) uye high-density polyethelene (HDPE) akakodzerawo.
Imwe nzira yandakatarisa yaive yekunyungudusa tambo yepolypropylene pamusoro pemoto webhoni uye woishandisa mumuchina wekuumba jekiseni wakagadziridzwa.Asi nzira iyi yaive nematambudziko ekunyatso chengetedza tembiricha chaiyo, uye hutsi hunokachidza zvakare.
Muvambi wechiDutch Boyan Slat's Ocean Cleanup chirongwa chave chishuwo chakanyanya, nechinangwa chekutora makumi mashanu muzana eGreat Pacific Garbage Patch mumakore mashanu nemambure makuru akamiswa kubva kune inflatable boom inobata purasitiki ichikwevera mupuratifomu yekuunganidza.Nekudaro, iyo purojekiti yapinda mumatambudziko, uye chero zvakadaro ichaunganidza chete zvimedu zvakakura kumusoro.Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ruzhinji rwepurasitiki yegungwa zvimedu zvisingasviki 1 mm muhukuru zvakamiswa mukoramu yemvura, paine mamwe epurasitiki anonyura pasi pegungwa.
Izvi zvinoda mhinduro nyowani.Kubvisa huwandu hukuru hwepurasitiki munharaunda idambudziko rinoshungurudza richava nesu kwemazana emakore.Tinoda kushanda nesimba kwakabatana kubva kune vezvematongerwo enyika nemaindasitiri nemazano matsva — ese ari kushaikwa izvozvi.
Ian Lambert ishamwari purofesa wedhizaini paEdinburgh Napier University.Ichi chinyorwa chakatsikiswa kubva kuKukurukurirana pasi perezinesi reCreative Commons.Verenga chinyorwa chekutanga.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-30-2019