Kwiminyaka ezayo, i-PET esetyenzisiweyo kunye neepololefins kuya kufuneka ziqhubeke nokukhuphisana neeplastiki ezinyulu ezingabizi kakhulu.Kodwa iimarike ezilahliweyo ziyakuchatshazelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente engaqinisekanga kunye nezigqibo zabanini-brand.
Ezo zimbini ezithathwa kwiphaneli yeemarike zonyaka kwi-2019 Plastics Recycling Conference kunye ne-Trade Show, eyayibanjwe ngo-Matshi kwi-National Harbour, Md. Ngexesha leseshoni yodliwano-ndlebe, uJoel Morales kunye noTison Keel, bobabini be-IHS Markit edibeneyo yokubonisana, baxoxisana. I-dynamics yentengiso yeeplastiki ezinyulu kwaye yachaza ukuba ezo zinto ziyakucinezela njani amaxabiso ezinto ezifunyenweyo.
Ekuxoxeni ngeemarike zePET, uKeel usebenzise umfanekiso wezinto ezininzi eziguqukayo ukwenza isaqhwithi esigqibeleleyo.
“Ibiyimarike yomthengisi ngo-2018 ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi esinokuxoxa ngazo, kodwa sibuyela kwimarike yomthengi kwakhona,” utshilo uKeel kwisihlwele.“Kodwa umbuzo endizibuza wona kwaye kufuneka sizibuze sonke ngowokuba, 'Yintoni indima eza kudlalwa kuhlaziyo apho?Ukuba imozulu izakuba sisiphango, ngaba ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kuya kunceda ukuthomalalisa amanzi, okanye kuya kwenza amanzi … abenesiphithiphithi ngakumbi?’”
UMorales noKeel bakwavume inani lezinto ekunzima ukuziqikelela, kubandakanywa imigaqo-nkqubo yozinzo karhulumente, izigqibo zokuthenga umnini-brand, ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha imichiza nokunye.
Uninzi lwemiba ephambili ekuxoxwe ngayo ngexesha lenkcazo-ntetho yalo nyaka iphinde yaphinda yaphononongwa kwiphaneli yomsitho ka-2018.
Ngokwahlukileyo, ekupheleni kwenyanga edlulileyo, uHlaziyo lwePlastiki lokuSebenza kwakhona lubhale malunga nentetho kwiphaneli evela kuChris Cui, umlawuli weNkqubo yeChina ye-Closed Loop Partners.Uxoxe ngokutshintsha kweemarike kunye namathuba obudlelwane boshishino phakathi kweTshayina ne-US
I-Polyethylene: I-Morales ichaze indlela uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ekutsalweni kwamafutha efosili kwixesha le-2008 lakhokelela ekunyuseni kwemveliso kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso egesi yendalo.Ngenxa yoko, iinkampani zepetrochemicals zatyala imali kwizityalo zokwenza iPE.
"Kukho utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwikhonkco le-polyethylene esekelwe kulindelo oluphantsi lwe-ethane, olululwelo lwegesi yendalo," utshilo uMorales, umlawuli ophezulu we-pololefins eMntla Melika.Isicwangciso esisemva kolu tyalo-mali yayikukuthumela ngaphandle i-PE enyulu evela e-US
Elo xabiso lexabiso legesi yendalo phezu kweoyile liye lancipha ukusukela oko, kodwa i-IHS Markit isaxela kwangaphambili inzuzo eya phambili, utshilo.
Kwi-2017 kunye ne-2018, imfuno yehlabathi jikelele ye-PE, ngokukodwa esuka e-China, yanda.Yayiqhutywa zizithintelo zaseTshayina ekungenisweni kwe-PE efunyenweyo, wathi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe yokusebenzisa irhasi yendalo etshisa kakhulu ukufudumeza (emva yathumela imfuno yemibhobho ye-HDPE ngophahla).Amazinga okukhula kwemfuno sele ehlile, utshilo uMorales, kodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba ahlala eqinile.
Uchukumise imfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China, ebiza iirhafu zaseTshayina kwiplastiki yase-US "yintlekele kubavelisi be-polyethylene base-US."I-IHS Markit iqikelela ukuba ukususela ngo-Agasti 23, xa imisebenzi yaqala ukusebenza, abavelisi baye balahlekelwa i-3-5 yeesenti ngeponti nganye kwiponti abayivelisayo, ukusika kwimida yenzuzo.Ifemu icinga ukuba kuqikelelo lwayo lokuba amaxabiso aya kunyuswa ngo-2020.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, imfuno ye-PE yayinkulu kakhulu e-US, iqhutywe ngexabiso eliphantsi leplastiki, ukukhula okuqinileyo kwe-GDP, Yenziwe eMelika amaphulo kunye neerhafu ezixhasa abaguquli basekhaya, imarike yombhobho oqinileyo ngenxa yokutyalomali kweoli, iNkanyamba iHarvey iqhuba imfuno yeepayipi. , ukuphuculwa kokukhuphisana kwe-PE ngokubhekiselele kwi-PET kunye ne-PP kunye nomthetho werhafu ye-federal exhasa utyalo-mali koomatshini, kusho uMorales.
Ukujonga phambili kwimveliso ephambili, u-2019 iya kuba ngunyaka wemfuno efumanekayo, utshilo, oko kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso anokuthi abethe ezantsi.Kodwa nabo akulindelekanga ukuba banyuke kakhulu.Ngo-2020, elinye iliza lomthamo wezityalo liza kwi-intanethi, lityhala ubonelelo ngaphezu kwemfuneko eqikelelweyo.
"Ithetha ntoni le nto?"Wabuza uMorales."Ngokwembono yomthengisi we-resin, kuthetha ukuba amandla akho okunyusa amaxabiso kunye nemida mhlawumbi kuyacelwa umngeni.[Ngo] umthengi ophambili we-resin, mhlawumbi lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuthenga.
Iimarike zeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo luhlobo lokuxinga phakathi, utshilo.Uthethe nababuyise iimveliso zabo kuye kwafuneka zikhuphisane nexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, elingekho kwinqanaba elibanzi-spec PE.Ulindele ukuba iimeko zokuthengisa zihlale zihambelana nale nto ziyiyo namhlanje, utshilo.
"Kukho utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kwikhonkco le-polyethylene ngokusekelwe kulindelo oluphantsi lwe-ethane, olululwelo lwegesi yendalo," - uJoel Morales, IHS Markit
Okona kunzima ukuqikelela iziphumo zemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, njengokuvalwa kweebhegi zehlabathi, iindiza kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kanye.Intshukumo yokuzinza inokunciphisa imfuno ye-resin, kodwa inokuvuselela imfuno ethile yeekhemikhali ezinamathuba anxulumene nokuphinda isetyenziswe, utshilo.
Umzekelo, umthetho webhegi waseCalifornia ovala iibhegi ezibhityileyo uye wakhuthaza iiprosesa ukuba zonyuse imveliso etyebileyo.Umyalezo ofunyenwe ngu-IHS Markit ngabathengi, endaweni yokuba bahlambe kwaye baphinde basebenzise iibhegi ezityebileyo amaxesha amaninzi, bayazisebenzisa njengeengqayi zenkunkuma, nangona kunjalo."Ngoko ke, kuloo meko, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kuye kwanda imfuno ye-polyethylene," watsho.
Kwenye indawo, njengaseArgentina, ukuvalwa kweebhegi kucuthe ishishini kubavelisi abanyulu be-PE kodwa kwabonyusa kubavelisi bePP, abathengisa iplastiki kwiingxowa zePP ezingalukwanga, utshilo.
I-Polypropylene: I-PP ibe yimarike eqinile ixesha elide kodwa iqala ukulinganisela, kusho uMorales.KuMntla Melika kulo nyaka uphelileyo, abavelisi abakwazanga ukwenza imveliso eyaneleyo ukuze banelise imfuno, kodwa imarike isakhula ngepesenti ezi-3.Kungenxa yokuba ukuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwazalisa umsantsa omalunga ne-10 leepesenti lemfuno, utshilo.
Kodwa ukungalingani kufuneka kudambe ngokubonelelwa okwandisiweyo ngo-2019. Okokuqala, khange kubekho “umkhenkce ongaqhelekanga” ngoJanuwari kwiGulf Coast njengango-2018, waphawula, kwaye unikezelo lwepropylene ye-feedstock lunyukile.Kwakhona, abavelisi bePP baye bafumanisa iindlela zokususa ibhotile kunye nokunyusa umthamo wemveliso.Iiprojekthi ze-IHS Markit malunga ne-1 yeebhiliyoni zeeponti zemveliso eziza kwi-intanethi eMntla Melika.Ngenxa yoko, balindele ukubona ukucutheka komsantsa wamaxabiso phakathi kwePP yaseTshayina efikelelekayo kunye nePP yasekhaya.
“Ndiyazi ukuba yingxaki leyo kwabanye abantu abakwirecycle kuba, ngoku, iPP ebanzi kunye ne-surplus prime PP ibonakala kumaxabiso nakwiindawo [apho] ubusenza ishishini,” utshilo uMorales."Inokuba yindawo oza kujongana nayo uninzi luka-2019."
Intombi ye-PET kunye neekhemikhali ezingena kuyo zigqithiswa kakhulu njenge-PE, utshilo uKeel, umlawuli ophezulu we-PET, i-PTA kunye ne-EO derivatives.
Ngenxa yoko, "akukacaci kwaphela ukuba ngubani oza kuba ngabaphumeleleyo nabalahlekileyo kwishishini le-PET elisetyenzisiweyo," uxelele abaphulaphuli.
Ehlabathini jikelele, imfuno ye-PET enyulu yi-78 yepesenti yomthamo wemveliso.Kwishishini leepolima zemveliso, ukuba imfuno ingaphantsi kwama-85 ekhulwini, imarike mhlawumbi ibonelelwa kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza inzuzo, utshilo uKeel.
“Eyona meko ilungileyo kukuba iindleko zokuvelisa i-RPET ziya kuba tyaba, zinokuba phezulu.Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iphezulu kunexabiso le-PET enyulu.Ngaba abathengi be-RPET, ababeka iinjongo ezintle zomxholo ohlaziyiweyo kwizingxobo zabo, baya kuvuma ukuhlawula la maxabiso aphezulu? "–Tison Keel, IHS Markit
Imfuno yasekhaya ithe tyaba.Imakethi yesiselo sekhabhoni iyehla kodwa ukukhula kwamanzi asebhotileni kwanele ukuphelisa oko, utshilo uKeel.
Ukungalingani kwemfuno yonikezelo kulindeleke ukuba ibe mbi ngakumbi ngomthamo owongezelelweyo wemveliso oza kwi-intanethi.“Into esiza kuza nayo kule minyaka imbalwa izayo lulwakhiwo olukhulu,” utshilo.
U-Keel uthe abavelisi benza ngokungekho ngqiqweni kwaye ucebise ukuba bavale umthamo wemveliso ukuzisa ukubonelela kunye nemfuno kwibhalansi engcono;nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye oye wachaza izicwangciso zokwenza oko.Inkampani yeekhemikhali zase-Italiya i-Mossi Ghisolfi (M&G) yazama ukwakha indlela yayo yokuphuma kwiimeko ngokumisa isityalo esikhulu se-PET kunye ne-PTA eCorpus Christi, eTexas, kodwa imida ephantsi kunye neendleko zeprojekthi zigqithise inkampani ekupheleni kwe-2017. Intsebenziswano ebizwa ngokuba yiCorpus. UChristi Polymers wavuma ukuthenga le projekthi kwaye wayizisa kwi-intanethi.
Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuye kwawandisa amaxabiso aphantsi, uKeel waphawula.I-US ithe chu ngokungenisa i-PET eyongezelelekileyo nangakumbi.Abavelisi basekhaya bazama ukucinezela ukhuphiswano lwangaphandle ngezikhalazo ezichasene nokulahlwa ezifakwe kurhulumente wobumbano.Imisebenzi echasene nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma iye yatshintsha imvelaphi ye-PET eyinkulumbuso - yanciphisa imiqulu evela e-China, umzekelo - kodwa ayikwazanga ukucothisa ubunzima obuphelele bokufika kumazibuko aseMelika, utshilo.
Umfanekiso opheleleyo wemfuno yokubonelela uya kuthetha amaxabiso aphantsi e-PET ahlala enyulu kwiminyaka ezayo, utshilo uKeel.Lo ngumngeni ojongene nababuyiseli be-PET.
Abavelisi benqanaba lebhotile i-RPET kulindeleke ukuba babe neendleko ezizinzileyo zokwenza imveliso yabo, utshilo.
"Imeko engcono kakhulu yindleko yokuvelisa i-RPET iya kuba tyaba, ingaba phezulu," kusho uKeel.“Nakweyiphi na imeko, iphezulu kunexabiso lePET enyulu.Ngaba abathengi be-RPET, ababeka iinjongo ezintle zamabhongo zomxholo ohlaziyiweyo kwizingxobo zabo, baya kuvuma ukuhlawula la maxabiso aphezulu?Anditsho ukuba abayi.Ngokwembali, kuMntla Merika, abazange.EYurophu, ngoku ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi-zahluke kakhulu kunabaqhubi base-US Kodwa lo ngumbuzo omkhulu osaza kuphendulwa. "
Ngokubhekiselele kwibhotile-ebhotileni yokuphinda isetyenziswe, omnye umngeni kwiimpawu zesiselo ngumnqweno "ophantsi" ovela kwishishini le-fiber ye-RPET, uKeel uthe.Eli shishini litya ngaphezulu kwesithathu kwikota ye-RPET eveliswa ngonyaka.Umqhubi lixabiso nje: Kutshiphu kakhulu ukuvelisa i-fiber esisiseko kwi-PET efunyenweyo kunemathiriyeli enyulu, utshilo.
Uphuhliso olusakhulayo lokubukela lelona shishini liphambili le-PET lidibanisa ngamandla amandla okurisayikilishwa koomatshini.Njengemizekelo, kulo nyaka i-DAK Americas ithenge i-Perpetual Recycling Solutions PET plant e-Indiana, kunye ne-Indorama Ventures yafumana i-Custom Polymers PET plant e-Alabama.“Ndingamangaliswa ukuba asiboni ngakumbi kulo msebenzi,” watsho uKeel.
U-Keel uthe abanini abatsha ngokuqinisekileyo baya kutyisa i-flake ecocekileyo kwiindawo zabo ze-melt-phase resin ukuze bakwazi ukunika abanini bebrendi ipelethi ephinda isetyenziswe.Oko kuya kuthi, ngexesha elifutshane, ukunciphisa inani le-bottle-grade RPET kwimarike yomthengisi, watsho.
Iinkampani zePetrochemical zikwatyala imali kwitekhnoloji ye-depolymerization ye-PET ye-scrap.Ngokomzekelo, i-Indorama, ibambisene ne-PET yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iikhemikhali zokuqalisa kwi-Europe nakuMntla Melika.Ezo nkqubo zokurisayikilishwa, ukuba zinokwenzeka ngokobugcisa nangokwezoqoqosho, zinokuba luphazamiseko olukhulu lwemarike kwiminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-10, waqikelela uKeel.
Kodwa ingxaki engapheliyo yimilinganiselo ephantsi yokuqokelela i-PET eMntla Melika, ngakumbi i-US, uKeel uthe.Kwi-2017, malunga neepesenti ze-29.2 zeebhotile ze-PET ezithengiswa e-US ziqokelelwe ukuze zihlaziywe, ngokwengxelo yonyaka evela kuMbutho weSizwe we-PET Container Resources (NAPCOR) kunye noMbutho we-Plastic Recyclers (APR).Ukuthelekisa, izinga liqikelelwe kwipesenti ze-58 kwi-2017.
"Siza kuhlangabezana njani nemfuno ebekwe ngabanini beempawu xa amaxabiso okuqokelela ephantsi kakhulu, kwaye siwafumana njani?"wabuza.“Andinayo impendulo yalonto.”
Xa ebuzwa ngemithetho yediphozithi, uKeel uthe ucinga ukuba basebenza kakuhle ukuthintela inkunkuma, ukonyusa uqokelelo kunye nokuvelisa iibhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu.Ngaphambili, abanini beempawu zesiselo baye babaphembelela, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iisenti ezongezelelweyo ezihlawulwe ngumthengi kwirejista yehla intengiso iyonke.
“Andiqinisekanga okwangoku ukuba abona banini-brand abakhulu basuka phi kwimbono yomgaqo-nkqubo kwimithetho yediphozithi.Ngokwembali, bebeyichasile imithetho yediphozithi,” utshilo."Ukuba baya kuqhubeka beyichasa okanye hayi, andinakutsho."
Ushicilelo lwekota loHlaziyo lwePlastiki lokuRecycling luzisa iindaba ezikhethekileyo kunye nohlalutyo oluya kunceda ukuphakamisa imisebenzi yokuhlaziya iiplastiki.Bhalisa namhlanje ukuze uqiniseke ukuba uyayifumana ekhaya okanye kwiofisi yakho.
Inkokeli yelinye lawona mashishini makhulu eebhotile zamanzi eebhotile kutshanje ichaze icebo lenkampani lokuphinda isetyenziswe, iphawula ukuba iyawuxhasa umthetho wediphozithi kunye namanye amanyathelo okonyusa unikezelo.
Inkampani yemichiza yehlabathi i-Eastman iye yatyhila inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe eqhekeza iipolymers zibe ziigesi ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali.Ngoku ikhangela ababoneleli.
Umgca omtsha wokurisayikilisha uya kunceda ukuvelisa ukutya-uqhagamshelwano lwe-RPET ukusuka malunga nowona mthombo umdaka ojikeleze: iibhotile ezithathwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Abaxhasi beprojekthi yeplastiki ukuya kumafutha e-Indiana babhengeze ukuba balungiselela ukwaphula umhlaba kwi-260 yezigidi zeerandi kwindawo yorhwebo.
Ixabiso le-HDPE yendalo liye laqhubeka lihla kwaye ngoku lihlala ngaphantsi kwendawo yalo kunyaka odlulileyo, kodwa amaxabiso e-PET abuyiselwe ahlala ehleli.
Inkampani yempahla yehlabathi i-H&M isebenzise into elingana ne-325 yezigidi zeebhotile ze-PET kwi-polyester esetyenzisiweyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo, kakhulu ukusuka kunyaka ongaphambili.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-23-2019