Ukudibanisa i-tape ephothiweyo, ukugqithisa kunye nokutshixa ifom, i-herone ivelisa isiqwenga esinye, i-torque ephezulu ye-gear-driveshaft njengombonisi woluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
Isixhobo esidityanisiweyo sesixhobo sokuqhuba.I-Herone isebenzisa iiteyiphu ezilukiweyo ze-thermoplastic composite prepreg njengezinto zangaphambili zenkqubo edibanisa i-driveshaft laminate kunye nokugqithisa izinto ezisebenzayo ezifana neegiya, ukuvelisa izakhiwo ezidibeneyo ezinciphisa ubunzima, ukubalwa kwenxalenye, ixesha lokuhlanganisa kunye neendleko.Umthombo wayo yonke imifanekiso |iqhawekazi
Uqikelelo lwangoku lufuna ukuphindwa kabini kweenqwelo-moya zorhwebo kule minyaka ingama-20 izayo.Ukujongana nale nto, amaxabiso emveliso ngo-2019 yeejetli ezihlanganisiweyo ezibanzi ziyahluka ukusuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-14 ngenyanga nge-OEM nganye, ngelixa i-narrowbodies sele inyuke ukuya kuma-60 ngenyanga nge-OEM nganye.I-Airbus ngokukhethekileyo isebenza nababoneleli ukuba batshintshe iindawo zemveli kodwa ixesha elide, ukubeka izandla kwi-A320 ukuya kwiindawo ezenziwe ngokukhawuleza, iinkqubo zexesha lokujikeleza kwemizuzu engama-20 ezifana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokubunjwa kwe-resin transfer (HP-RTM), ngaloo ndlela inceda inxalenye. ababoneleli badibana nokutyhalela phambili ukuya kwiinqwelomoya ezili-100 ngenyanga.Ngeli xesha, imarike yezothutho ekhulayo yasezidolophini kunye nentengiso yezothutho iqikelela imfuneko yenqwelomoya engama-3,000 yombane ethe nkqo yokumka nokuma (EVTOL) ngonyaka (ama-250 ngenyanga).
"Ishishini lifuna itekhnoloji yemveliso ezenzekelayo kunye namaxesha omjikelezo omfutshane ovumela ukudibanisa imisebenzi, enikezelwa yi-thermoplastic composite," utshilo uDaniel Barfuss, umseki kunye nokulawula iqabane le-herone (eDresden, eJamani), itekhnoloji edibeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa. i-firm esebenzisa izinto eziphezulu ze-thermoplastic matrix ezivela kwi-polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) ukuya kwi-polyetheretherketone (PEEK), i-polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) kunye ne-polyaryletherketone (PAEK)."Injongo yethu ephambili kukudibanisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kweecomposites ze-thermoplastic (TPCs) kunye neendleko eziphantsi, ukwenza iinxalenye ezilungelelanisiweyo zoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zokwenziwa kwe-serial kunye nezicelo ezitsha," wongeza uGqr. Christian Garthaus, umseki wesibini we-herone kunye nokulawula. iqabane.
Ukufezekisa oku, inkampani iye yaphuhlisa indlela entsha, iqala ngokukhulelwa ngokupheleleyo, iiteyiphu zefiber eziqhubekayo, ukubopha ezi tapes ukwenza i-preform engenanto "organoTube" kunye nokudibanisa i-organoTubes kwiiprofayili ezinamacandelo ahlukeneyo kunye neemilo.Kwinyathelo elilandelayo lenkqubo, isebenzisa i-weldability kunye ne-thermoformability ye-TPC ukudibanisa izinto ezisebenzayo ezifana nezixhobo ezidibeneyo kwi-driveshafts, ukufakwa kwesiphelo kwimibhobho, okanye izinto zokudlulisa umthwalo kwi-tension-compression struts.UBarfuss wongeza kukho ukhetho lokusebenzisa inkqubo yokubumba i-hybrid - ephuhliswe ngumthengisi we-ketone matrix Victrex (Cleveleys, Lancashire, UK) kunye nomthengisi we-Tri-Mack (Bristol, RI, US) - esebenzisa i-tape ephantsi yokunyibilika kwe-PAEK kwiiprofayili kunye ne-PEEK yokugqithisa, ukwenza ukuba kudityaniswe, imathiriyeli enye kuwo wonke udibaniso (bona “I-Overmolding yandisa uluhlu lwe-PEEK kwizidibanisi”)."Ukulungelelaniswa kwethu kukwavumela ukuvalwa kwefomu yejometri," wongeza, "ovelisa izakhiwo ezidibeneyo ezinokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu."
Inkqubo yeherone iqala ngeeteyiphu ze-carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic ezifakwe ngokupheleleyo eziphothiweyo kwii-organoTubes kwaye zadityaniswa.“Saqala ukusebenza nezi organoTubes kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, siphuhlisa imibhobho edityanisiweyo yehydraulic yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya,” utshilo uGarthaus.Uchaza ukuba ngenxa yokuba kungekho mibhobho emibini ye-hydraulic ye-hydraulic enejiyometri efanayo, kuya kufuneka ukungunda komnye nomnye, kusetyenziswa ubugcisa obukhoyo.“Besifuna umbhobho onokulungiswa emva kokuba sifezekise umbhobho wejometri.Ke, umbono ibikukwenza iiprofayili ezidityanisiweyo eziqhubekayo kwaye ke i-CNC igobe ezi kwiijometri ezifunwayo. "
Umzobo 2 Iiteyiphu eziphothiweyo zangaphambi kolungelelwaniso zibonelela ngobume bomnatha obubizwa ngokuba yi-organoTubes kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwenaliti yeherone kwaye yenze ukuba kuveliswe iimilo ezahlukeneyo.
Oku kuvakala kufana nento eyenziwa yiSigma Precision Components (Hinckley, UK) (jonga "Ukulungisa ii-aeroengines kunye nemibhobho edibeneyo") kunye ne-carbon fiber / i-PEEK yokugqoka injini."Bajonga iindawo ezifanayo kodwa basebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa eyahlukileyo," uchaza uGarthaus."Ngendlela yethu, sibona amandla okunyusa ukusebenza, okunje ngaphantsi kwe-2% ye-porosity yezakhiwo ze-aerospace."
Garthaus' Ph.D.Umsebenzi we-thesis kwi-ILK uphononongwe usebenzisa i-pultrusion eqhubekayo ye-thermoplastic (TPC) ukuvelisa iibhubhu eziphothiweyo, ezibangele inkqubo yokuvelisa i-patent eqhubekayo yeetyhubhu ze-TPC kunye neeprofayili.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, i-herone ikhethe ukusebenza kunye nababoneleli ngeenqwelomoya kunye nabathengi basebenzisa inkqubo engapheliyo yokubumba."Oku kusinika inkululeko yokwenza zonke iimilo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iiprofayili ezigobileyo kunye nezo zineenxalenye ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokusebenzisa iipetshi zasekhaya kunye nokulahla i-ply," uyacacisa.“Sisebenzela ukwenza inkqubo yokudibanisa iipetshi zasekhaya ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye emva koko sizidibanise neprofayile edibeneyo.Ngokusisiseko, yonke into onokuyenza ngeelaminates ezisicaba kunye namaqokobhe, sinokuyenzela iityhubhu kunye neeprofayili.
Ukwenza ezi profayili ze-TPC zingenanto yayiyenye yezona zinto zinzima, utshilo uGarthaus.“Awunakusebenzisa ukwenza isitampu okanye ukuvuthela ngesinyi sesilicone;ke, kuye kwafuneka ukuba siphuhlise inkqubo entsha. "Kodwa le nkqubo yenza ukuba ityhubhu esebenze kakhulu kwaye ilungelelaniswe kunye neenxalenye ezisekwe kwi-shaft, uyaphawula.Kwakhona kwenze ukuba kusetyenziswe ukubumba okuxubileyo okwaphuhliswa yiVictrex, apho ubushushu obuphantsi obunyibilikayo be-PAEK bugqitywe nge-PEEK, ukudibanisa i-organosheet kunye nenaliti yokubumba kwinqanaba elinye.
Omnye umba ophawulekayo wokusebenzisa i-organoTube braided tape preforms kukuba zivelisa inkunkuma encinci kakhulu."Nge-braiding, sinayo inkunkuma engaphantsi kwe-2%, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-tape ye-TPC, sinokusebenzisa le nkunkuma encinci ibuyele kwi-overmolding ukuze sifumane izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto ukuya kwi-100%," uGarthaus ugxininisa.
UBarfuss noGarthaus baqala umsebenzi wabo wokuphuhlisa njengabaphandi kwi-Institute of Lightweight Engineering kunye nePolymer Technology (ILK) eTU Dresden.“Eli lelinye lamaziko amakhulu aseYurophu adibanisa imidibaniso kunye noyilo olulula, utshilo uBarfuss.Yena kunye noGarthaus basebenze apho phantse iminyaka eyi-10 kwizinto ezininzi eziqhubekayo, kuquka i-TPC pultrusion eqhubekayo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokujoyina.Loo msebenzi ekugqibeleni uye wadityaniswa kwinto ngoku eyi-herone TPC inkqubo yetekhnoloji.
"Siye safaka isicelo kwiprogram yaseJamani EXIST, ejolise ekudluliseleni iteknoloji enjalo kwishishini kunye nenkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi ze-40-60 ngonyaka kwiinkalo ezininzi zophando," kusho uBarfuss."Sifumene inkxaso-mali yezixhobo ezinkulu, abasebenzi abane kunye notyalo-mali kwinyathelo elilandelayo lokunyusa."Benza iqhawekazi ngoMeyi ka-2018 emva kokubonisa kwiJEC World.
Nge-JEC World 2019, i-herone yayivelise uluhlu lweendawo zokubonisa, kubandakanya ukukhanya, i-torque ephezulu, i-driveshaft yegiya edibeneyo, okanye i-gearshaft."Sisebenzisa i-carbon fiber / PAEK tape organoTube eboshwe kwii-angles ezifunwa yinxalenye kwaye idibanise loo nto ibe ityhubhu," kuchaza uBarfuss.Emva koko sifudumeza ityhubhu kwi-200 ° C kwaye siyigqithise ngegiya eyenziwe ngokutofa i-PEEK emfutshane ye-carbon fiber-reinforced kwi-380 ° C."Ukugqithiswa kwe-moldflow kusetyenziswa i-Moldflow Insight evela kwi-Autodesk (eSan Rafael, Calif., US).Ixesha lokuzalisa umngundo liphuculwe libe yimizuzwana ye-40.5 kwaye liphunyezwe kusetyenziswa i-Arburg (eLossburg, eJamani) ALLROUNDER umatshini wokubumba inaliti.
Oku kugqithisa akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zendibano, amanyathelo okuvelisa kunye nokuhanjiswa, kodwa kwandisa ukusebenza.Umahluko we-40 ° C phakathi kweqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo le-PAEK shaft kunye ne-PEEK gear egqithisiweyo yenza ukuba i-melt-bonding edibeneyo phakathi kwezi zimbini kwinqanaba le-molecular.Uhlobo lwesibini lokudibanisa indlela, ukutshixa ifom, kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwenaliti ukuze ngaxeshanye i-thermoform i-shaft ngexesha lokugqithisa ukwenza i-contour yokutshixa ifom.Oku kunokubonwa kwi-Fig. 1 ngezantsi ngokuthi "i-injection-forming".Yenza i-corrugated corrugated or sinusoidal circumference apho i-gear idityaniswe ngokuchasene ne-cross-section ye-circular cross-section, ekhokelela kwifom yokuvala i-geometrically.Oku kwandisa ngakumbi amandla e-gearshaft edibeneyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuvavanyo (jonga igrafu ezantsi ngasekunene) .Fig.1. Iphuhliswe ngokubambisana neVictrex kunye ne-ILK, i-herone isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwe-injection ngexesha lokugqithisa ukwenza i-contour ye-form-locking contour kwi-gearshaft edibeneyo (phezulu) . Le nkqubo yokwenza i-injection-forming ivumela i-gearshaft edibeneyo kunye nefom yokuvala (i-curve eluhlaza kwigrafu) ukuba gcina itorque ephezulu xa ithelekiswa neshafti yegiya egqitywe ngokugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokutshixa (igophe elimnyama kwigrafu).
UGarthaus uthi: “Uninzi lwabantu lufumana ukunyibilika okudityanisiweyo ngexesha lokunyibilika ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye abanye basebenzisa ukutshixa kwimo edityanisiweyo, kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuzidibanisa zombini zibe yinkqubo enye, ezenzekelayo.”Uchaza ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo kwiFig.Ukusilela kokuqala kwigrafu kuphawulwa ngesangqa ukubonisa ukuba yeyesixhobo se-PEEK esisisikhubekiso ngaphandle kokutshixa kwefomu.Ukungaphumeleli kwesibini kuphawulwe ngesangqa esinqamlekileyo esifana neenkwenkwezi, ebonisa ukuvavanywa kwegiya eligqithisiweyo kunye nefom-locking.Kule meko, unokudibanisa kunye nokudityaniswa kwefomu evaliweyo, utshilo uGarthaus, "kwaye ufumana ukonyuka nge-44% kumthwalo wetorque."Umceli mngeni ngoku, uthi, kukufumana i-form-locking ukuze ithathe umthwalo kwasekuqaleni ukuze inyuse ngakumbi itorque le giya izakukwazi ukuyiphatha phambi kokusilela.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo malunga nefom yecontour-locking ethi iherone iphunyezwe ngokuyitofa kwayo kukuba ilungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo nendawo nganye kwaye ukulayishwa kwayo kufuneka imelane.Ngokomzekelo, kwi-gearshaft, ifom-locking i-circumferential, kodwa kwi-tension-compression struts engezantsi, i-axial.“Le nto siyenzileyo yindlela ebanzi,” utshilo uGarthaus."Indlela esidibanisa ngayo imisebenzi kunye neenxalenye zixhomekeke kwisicelo somntu ngamnye, kodwa okukhona sinokukwenza oku, kokukhona sinokonga ubunzima kunye neendleko."
Kwakhona, ifayibha emfutshane eyomeleziweyo ketone esetyenziswa kwizinto ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo njengeegiya zibonelela ngokugqwesileyo komphezulu wokunxiba.I-Victrex ibonakalise oku kwaye enyanisweni, ithengisa le nyaniso ngezixhobo zayo ze-PEEK kunye ne-PAEK.
U-Barfuss ubonisa ukuba i-gearshaft edibeneyo, eyavunywa nge-2019 ye-JEC World Innovation Award kudidi lwe-aerospace, "umboniso wendlela yethu, kungekhona nje inkqubo egxile kwisicelo esinye.Besifuna ukuphonononga ukuba singakwazi kangakanani na ukulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kunye nokuxhaphaza iipropathi ze-TPC ukuvelisa izakhiwo ezisebenzayo, ezidibeneyo. "Inkampani kungoku nje ilungiselela ukucinezeleka kweentonga, ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana ne-struts.
Umzobo 3 Tension-compression struts Isitofu-ukwenziwa kwandiswe struts, apho herone overmolds intsimbi umthwalo transfer element kwisakhiwo inxalenye usebenzisa axial ifomu-locking ukwandisa ukujoyina amandla.
Into esebenzayo ye-tension-compression struts yintsimbi ye-metallic interface ehambisa imithwalo ukuya kunye nokusuka kwifolokhwe yesinyithi ukuya kwityhubhu edibeneyo (jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi).I-injection-forming isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-metallic load introduction element kwi-composite strut body.
“Olona ncedo silunikayo kukunciphisa inani lamalungu,” utshilo.“Oku kwenza lula ukudinwa, nto leyo engumceli mngeni omkhulu kwizicelo zeenqwelomoya.Ifom-locking sele isetyenziswe kwii-thermoset composites kunye neplastiki okanye i-metal insert, kodwa akukho nto idibanisayo, ngoko unokufumana ukunyakaza okuncinci phakathi kwamacandelo.Indlela yethu, nangona kunjalo, ibonelela ngolwakhiwo olumanyeneyo olungenayo intshukumo enjalo. "
UGarthaus ukhankanya ukunyamezela umonakalo njengolunye ucelomngeni kula malungu.“Kufuneka uchaphazele ii-struts emva koko wenze uvavanyo lokudinwa,” uyacacisa."Ngenxa yokuba sisebenzisa izixhobo ze-matrix ezisebenza kakhulu ze-thermoplastic, sinokufikelela kwi-40% ephezulu yokunyamezela umonakalo xa kuthelekiswa ne-thermosets, kwaye nazo naziphi na ii-microcracks ezivela kwimpembelelo zikhula kancinci ngokulayishwa kokudinwa."
Nangona umboniso we-struts ubonisa i-metal, i-herone okwangoku iphuhlisa isisombululo se-thermoplastic, esenza ukuba i-cohesive bonding phakathi kwe-composite strut body kunye ne-introduction element."Xa sinako, sikhetha ukuhlala sidibanisa yonke into kwaye silungelelanise iipropati ngokuguqula uhlobo lwe-fiber reinforcement, kuquka i-carbon, iglasi, i-fiber eqhubekayo kunye nefutshane," kusho uGarthaus.“Ngale ndlela, sinciphisa ubunzima kunye nemiba yojongano.Umzekelo, sineengxaki ezincinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokudibanisa i-thermosets kunye ne-thermoplastics.Ukongezelela, i-bond phakathi kwe-PAEK kunye ne-PEEK ihlolwe ngu-Tri-Mack kunye neziphumo ezibonisa ukuba ine-85% yamandla esiseko esisisiseko se-CF / PAEK laminate kwaye sinamandla ngokuphindwe kabini njengeebhondi zokubambelela usebenzisa i-industry-standard epoxy film adhesive.
U-Barfuss uthi i-herone ngoku inabasebenzi abasithoba kwaye iyatshintsha ukusuka kumthengisi wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ukuya kumthengisi weendawo zokubhabha.Inyathelo layo elikhulu elilandelayo kuphuhliso lomzi-mveliso omtsha eDresden.“Ekupheleni kuka-2020 siza kuba neshishini elilingayo elivelisa iinxalenye zokuqala,” utshilo."Sele sisebenza nee-OEMs zenqwelomoya kunye nababoneleli abaphambili beTier 1, bebonisa uyilo lweentlobo ezininzi zezicelo."
Le nkampani ikwasebenza nababoneleli be-eVTOL kunye nabadibanisi abahlukeneyo e-US Njengoko iqhawekazi livuthwa izicelo zenqwelomoya, ikwafumana amava okwenziwa kwezixhobo zemidlalo kubandakanya amalulwane kunye namacandelo ebhayisekile."Itekhnoloji yethu inokuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lweengxenye ezinzima kunye nokusebenza, ixesha lokujikeleza kunye neenzuzo zeendleko," kusho uGarthaus.“Ixesha lethu lomjikelo sisebenzisa i-PEEK yimizuzu engama-20, xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzu engama-240 sisebenzisa i-autoclave-cured prepreg.Sibona indawo ebanzi yamathuba, kodwa okwangoku, sigxile ekufumaneni izicelo zethu zokuqala kwimveliso kunye nokubonisa ixabiso lezo ndawo kwintengiso. "
I-Herone iya kuphinda ibonise kwi-Carbon Fiber 2019. Funda kabanzi malunga nesiganeko kwi-carbonfiberevent.com.
Kugxilwe ekwandiseni ulungelelwaniso lwezandla zemveli, i-nacelle kunye nabavelisi be-thrust reverser baphose iliso kusetyenziso lwexesha elizayo lwe-automation kunye nokubumba okuvaliweyo.
Inkqubo yezixhobo zeenqwelomoya ifumana ukusebenza okuphezulu kwekhabhoni/epoxy ngokusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo lokubumba.
Iindlela zokubala iimpembelelo zokudibanisa zineempembelelo kokusingqongileyo zenza uthelekiso oluqhutywa yidatha kwizinto zemveli kwinqanaba lokudlala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-19-2019