Ukuhambelana, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokushisa ubalulekile kumashishini eplastiki ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa ngokuchanekileyo kweemveliso ze-thermoformed.Kuzo zombini izicelo ezimileyo kunye ne-rotary thermoforming, ubushushu obuphantsi obudala buvelisa uxinzelelo kwindawo eyenziweyo, ngelixa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu anokubangela iingxaki ezinje ngamadyungudyungu kunye nokulahleka kombala okanye iglosi.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa malunga nendlela ukuqhubela phambili kwi-infrared (IR) yokulinganisa ubushushu obungadibanisiyo ayincedi kuphela imisebenzi ye-thermoforming yokuphucula iinkqubo zabo zokuvelisa kunye neziphumo zoshishino, kodwa zikwavumela ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino yomgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka.
I-Thermoforming yinkqubo apho iphepha le-thermoplastic lenziwa lithambile kwaye liphephe ngokufudumeza, kunye ne-bi-axially deformed ngokunyanzeliswa kwimilo emithathu-ntathu.Le nkqubo inokuthi yenzeke xa kukho okanye kungekho ngundo.Ukufudumeza iphepha le-thermoplastic lelinye lawona manqanaba abalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-thermoforming.Oomatshini bokubumba bakholisa ukusebenzisa izifudumezi zohlobo lwesandwich, ezibandakanya iiphaneli zezifudumezi ze-infrared ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwemathiriyeli yeshiti.
Iqondo lobushushu elingundoqo lecwecwe le-thermoplastic, ubukhulu bayo kunye nobushushu bemeko-bume yokwenziwa kwezinto zonke zichaphazela indlela amatyathanga eplastiki epholima ahamba ngayo aye kwisimo esibunjwayo kwaye aguqulelwe kulwakhiwo lwepolymer enesiqingatha secrystalline.Ubume bokugqibela obunomkhenkce bemolekyuli bumisela iimpawu ezibonakalayo zesixhobo, kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yokugqibela.
Ngokufanelekileyo, ishidi le-thermoplastic kufuneka lifudumale ngokufanayo kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo lokubumba.Iphepha litshintshela kwisikhululo sokubumba, apho i-apparatus icinezela i-mold ukuze yenze inxalenye, isebenzisa i-vacuum okanye umoya oxinzezelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha ngoncedo lweplagi yomatshini.Ekugqibeleni, inxalenye ikhupha kwi-mold yenqanaba lokupholisa lenkqubo.
Uninzi lwemveliso ye-thermoforming ngoomatshini be-roll-fed, ngelixa oomatshini be-sheet-fed benzelwe izicelo zomthamo omncinci.Ngokusebenza kwevolumu enkulu kakhulu, inkqubo edibeneyo ye-thermoforming edibeneyo, e-line, evaliweyo inokuthetheleleka.Umgca ufumana iplastiki yezinto ekrwada kunye extruders feed ngqo kumatshini thermoforming.
Iindidi ezithile zezixhobo ze-thermoforming zenza ukuba i-croupning yenqaku elibunjiweyo lifakwe kumatshini we-thermoforming.Ukuchaneka okukhulu kokusikwa kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa le ndlela kuba imveliso kunye ne-skeletal scrap ayifuni ukubekwa kwakhona.Iindlela ezizezinye kulapho iphepha elibunjiweyo likhomba ngqo kwisikhululo sokusikwa.
Umthamo ophezulu wemveliso ufuna ukudityaniswa kwe-stacker yamalungu kunye nomatshini we-thermoforming.Nje ukuba zipakishwe, amanqaku agqityiweyo apakisha kwiibhokisi zokuthutha ukuya kumthengi wokugqibela.I-skeletal scrap eyahlukanisiweyo ihlaselwe kwi-mandrill ukuze inqunyulwe okanye idlule kumatshini wokunqunqa emgceni kunye nomatshini we-thermoforming.
Iphepha elikhulu le-thermoforming ngumsebenzi onzima onokuthi uphazamiseke, onokunyusa kakhulu inani leengxenye ezikhatywayo.Iimfuno zanamhlanje ezingqongqo zomgangatho womphezulu wenxalenye, ukuchaneka kobukhulu, ixesha lomjikelo kunye nesivuno, ezidityaniswe nefestile encinci yokusetyenzwa kweepholima ezintsha zomyili kunye namashiti amalayile amaninzi, ziye zakhuthaza abavelisi ukuba bajonge iindlela zokuphucula ulawulo lwale nkqubo.
Ngexesha le-thermoforming, ukufudumeza kwamaphepha kwenzeka ngemitha, i-convection, kunye ne-convection.Ezi ndlela zizisa ukungaqiniseki okukhulu, kunye nokuguquguquka kwexesha kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwi-dynamics yokudlulisa ukushisa.Ngaphaya koko, ukufudumeza ngeshiti yinkqubo esasazwe ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuchazwa ngokuyinxenye kweeequations.
I-Thermoforming ifuna imephu yobushushu echanekileyo, yezowuni ezininzi phambi kokwenziwa kweendawo ezinzima.Le ngxaki idityaniswe yinto yokuba iqondo lokushisa lilawulwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizinto zokufudumeza, ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa kwi-thickness of sheet is the main process variable.
Ngokomzekelo, i-amorphous material efana ne-polystyrene iya kugcina ingqibelelo yayo xa ishushu kwiqondo lokushisa lokubumba ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okunyibilika.Ngenxa yoko, kulula ukuphatha kunye nokwenza.Xa i-crystalline imathiriyeli ifudunyezwa, itshintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwisiqina ukuya kulwelo xa ubushushu bayo bokunyibilika bufikelelwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifestile yobushushu ibe mxinwa kakhulu.
Utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu akwi-ambient lukwabangela iingxaki kwi-thermoforming.Indlela yokuvavanya kunye nempazamo yokufumana isantya sokutya okuqengqelekayo ukuvelisa izibumba ezamkelekileyo zinokungqineka zingonelanga ukuba ubushushu befektri bungatshintsha (okt, ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni).Ukutshintsha kobushushu obuyi-10°C kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kwimveliso ngenxa yoluhlu lobushushu obumxinwa kakhulu.
Ngokwesiko, ii-thermoformers zithembele kubuchule obukhethekileyo bezandla kulawulo lobushushu beshiti.Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela isoloko ivelisa ngaphantsi kweziphumo ezifunwayo malunga nokuhambelana kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho.Abasebenzisi banesenzo esinzima sokulungelelanisa, esibandakanya ukunciphisa umahluko phakathi kondoqo weshiti kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezulu, ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuba zombini iindawo zihlala ngaphakathi kobona bushushu buncinci kunye nobukhulu obubunjwayo.
Ukongeza, ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nephepha leplastiki akunakwenzeka kwi-thermoforming kuba kunokubangela amabala kwimigangatho yeplastiki kunye namaxesha okuphendula angamkelekanga.
Ukwandisa, imboni yeplastiki ifumanisa izibonelelo zetekhnoloji ye-infrared yoqhagamshelwano lwenkqubo yokulinganisa ubushushu kunye nokulawula.Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-infrared ziluncedo ekulinganiseni ubushushu phantsi kweemeko apho i-thermocouples okanye ezinye i-probe-type sensors ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa, okanye ayivelisi idatha echanekileyo.
Iithemometha ze-IR ezingadibaniyo zinokuqeshwa ukujonga ubushushu beenkqubo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, ukulinganisa ubushushu bemveliso ngokuthe ngqo endaweni ye-oveni okanye isomisi.Abasebenzisi banokuhlengahlengisa ngokulula iiparamitha zenkqubo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ongowona uphezulu.
Kwizicelo ze-thermoforming, inkqubo yokujonga ubushushu be-infrared ezenzekelayo ibandakanya ujongano lomsebenzisi kunye nomboniso wemilinganiselo yenkqubo evela kwi-oveni ye-thermoforming.Ithemometha ye-IR ilinganisa ubushushu bobushushu, amaxwebhu eplastiki ashukumayo ngokuchaneka kwe-1%.Imitha yephaneli yedijithali enezixhobo zokuhanjiswa koomatshini ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ibonisa idatha yobushushu kunye neziphumo zeempawu ze-alam xa iqondo lobushushu elibekiweyo lifikelelwe.
Ukusebenzisa i-software ye-infrared system, i-thermoformers inokuseta ubushushu kunye noluhlu lwemveliso, kunye ne-emissivity kunye namanqaku e-alam, kwaye emva koko ibeke iliso kufundo lobushushu ngexesha lokwenyani.Xa inkqubo ibetha iqondo lokushisa elimiselweyo, i-relay ivala kwaye mhlawumbi ibangele ukukhanya kwesalathisi okanye i-alamu evakalayo ukulawula umjikelezo.Idatha yobushushu benkqubo inokugcinwa okanye ithunyelwe kwezinye izicelo zokuhlalutya kunye nenkqubo yamaxwebhu.
Ngombulelo kwidatha evela kwimilinganiselo ye-IR, abaqhubi bomgca wemveliso banokumisela ukusetwa kwe-oven elona xabiso lifanelekileyo ukuze lizalise iphepha ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokutshisa icandelo eliphakathi.Isiphumo sokongeza idatha echanekileyo yobushushu kumava asebenzayo senza ukuba i-drape ibumba kunye nokulahlwa okumbalwa kakhulu.Kwaye, iiprojekthi ezinzima ngakumbi ezinemathiriyeli engqindilili okanye ebhityileyo inobukhulu obufanayo bokugqibela bodonga xa iplastiki ifudunyezwa ngokufanayo.
Iisistim ze-Thermoforming ngetekhnoloji yesivamvo se-IR nazo zinokunyusa iinkqubo zokubunjwa kwe-thermoplastic.Kwezi nkqubo, ngamanye amaxesha abaqhubi baqhuba ii-oveni zabo zishushu kakhulu, okanye bashiye iindawo ekubumbeni zinde kakhulu.Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ene-sensor ye-infrared, banokugcina amaqondo okupholisa ahambelanayo kuzo zonke iimbumba, ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nokuvumela iinxalenye ukuba zisuswe ngaphandle kwelahleko enkulu ngenxa yokunamathela okanye ukuguqulwa.
Nangona umlinganiselo wobushushu obungadibaniyo ne-infrared unika inzuzo eninzi eqinisekisiweyo kubavelisi beplastiki, ababoneleli bezixhobo bayaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa izisombululo ezitsha, ukuphucula ngakumbi ukuchaneka, ukuthembeka kunye nokulula ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-IR kwiindawo ezifuna imveliso.
Ukujongana neengxaki zokubona ngee-thermometers ze-IR, iinkampani zezixhobo ziye zaphuhlisa amaqonga enzwa abonelela ngokudityaniswa kwe-lens ekujoliswe kuyo, kunye nokuba yi-laser okanye ukubonwa kwevidiyo.Le ndlela idibeneyo iqinisekisa injongo echanekileyo kunye nendawo ekujoliswe kuyo phantsi kwezona meko zinzima kakhulu.
I-Thermometers inokubandakanya ukujongwa kwevidiyo ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nokurekhoda umfanekiso kunye nokugcinwa kwe-automated - ngaloo ndlela ihambisa ulwazi lwenkqubo entsha.Abasebenzisi banokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulula bathathe izifinyezo zenkqubo kwaye babandakanye ulwazi lobushushu kunye nexesha / lomhla kumaxwebhu abo.
Iithemometha ze-IR ezixineneyo zanamhlanje zibonelela ngokuphindwe kabini kwisisombululo se-optical sangaphambili, iimodeli zenzwa ezinkulu, zandisa ukusebenza kwazo ekufuneni inkqubo yolawulo lwezicelo kunye nokuvumela ukutshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo kweprobes zoqhagamshelwano.
Olunye uyilo loluvo olutsha lwe-IR lusebenzisa intloko encinci yevayo kunye ne-elektroniki eyahlukileyo.Abenzi boluvo banokufikelela kwi-22: 1 isisombululo se-optical kunye nokumelana namaqondo okushisa afikelela kwi-200 ° C ngaphandle kokupholisa.Oku kuvumela umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wobukhulu bamabala amancinci kakhulu kwiindawo ezivaliweyo kunye neemeko ezinzima ze-ambient.Izinzwa zincinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifakwe naphi na, kwaye zingagcinwa kwindawo ebiyelweyo yentsimbi ekhuselweyo ekukhuselweni kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezinzima.Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kwi-IR sensor electronics kukwaphucule amandla okusebenza komqondiso, kubandakanywa ukukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo, isampulu kunye nokubamba, ukubanjwa kwencopho, ukubanjwa kwentlambo kunye ne-avareji yemisebenzi.Ngezinye iinkqubo, ezi ziguquguqukayo zinokuhlengahlengiswa ukusuka kwi-interface yomsebenzisi ekude ukwenzela ukuba kube lula okongeziweyo.
Abasebenzisi bokugqibela ngoku banokukhetha iithemometha ze-IR ezineemoto, ezilawulwa kude ezijolise ekujoliseni.Esi sixhobo sivumela ulungelelwaniso olukhawulezayo noluchanekileyo lwengqwalasela yeethagethi zokulinganisa, mhlawumbi ngesandla ngasemva kwesixhobo okanye ukude nge-RS-232/RS-485 PC uxhumano.
Abenzi boluvo be-IR abanokujolisa okuguquguqukayo okulawulwa kude kunokulawulwa ngokwemfuno yesicelo ngasinye, ukunciphisa ithuba lofakelo olungachanekanga.Iinjineli zinokuhlengahlengisa ujoliso lwethagethi yomlinganiselo wesixhobo soluvo ukusuka kukhuseleko lweofisi yazo, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo bajonge kwaye barekhode ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu kwinkqubo yabo ukuze bathathe amanyathelo okulungisa kwangoko.
Ababoneleli baphucula ngakumbi ukuguquguquka komlinganiselo wobushushu be-infrared ngokunikezela ngeenkqubo ngesoftware yokulinganisa intsimi, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba balungelelanise iisensors kwisiza.Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo ezintsha ze-IR zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudityaniswa komzimba, kubandakanywa iziqhagamshelo ezikhawulezayo zokuqhawula kunye noqhagamshelo lwetheminali;amaza ahlukeneyo okulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi;kunye nokukhethwa kwe-milliamp, i-millivolt kunye neempawu ze-thermocouple.
Abaqulunqi bezixhobo baye basabela kwimiba yokukhupha izinto ezinxulumene ne-IR ngokuphuhlisa iiyunithi zobude obufutshane obunciphisa iimpazamo ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokukhupha.Ezi zixhobo azikhathaleli kakhulu kwiinguqu zokukhutshwa kwezinto ezijoliswe kuyo njengesiqhelo, izinzwa zobushushu obuphezulu.Ke ngoko, babonelela ngofundo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kwiithagethi ezahlukeneyo kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
Iisistim zokulinganisa ubushushu be-IR ezinemowudi yokulungiswa kokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo zenza ukuba abavelisi baseke iiresiphi ezichazwe kwangaphambili ukulungiselela utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwemveliso.Ngokuqaphela ngokukhawuleza izitenxo ze-thermal ngaphakathi kwethagethi yokulinganisa, zivumela umsebenzisi ukuba aphucule umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokufana, ukunciphisa i-scrap, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.Ukuba impazamo okanye isiphene yenzeka, inkqubo inokuvusa i-alamu ukuvumela isenzo sokulungisa.
Itekhnoloji eyongeziweyo yokubona i-infrared nayo inokunceda ukuhambisa iinkqubo zemveliso.Abasebenzisi bangakhetha inani lenxalenye kuluhlu olukhoyo lwendawo yokubeka ubushushu kwaye barekhode ngokuzenzekelayo ixabiso ngalinye leqondo lobushushu.Esi sisombululo sisusa ukuhlenga-hlengisa kwaye sandise amaxesha omjikelezo.Kwakhona kwandisa ulawulo lweendawo zokufudumeza kunye nokwandisa imveliso.
Ukuze i-thermoformers ihlalutye ngokupheleleyo imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwenkqubo yokulinganisa ubushushu be-infrared, kufuneka bajonge izinto ezithile eziphambili.Ukunciphisa iindleko ezisezantsi kuthetha ukuqwalasela ixesha, amandla, kunye nomlinganiselo wokunciphisa i-scrap enokuthi yenzeke, kunye nokukwazi ukuqokelela kunye nokubika ulwazi kwiphepha ngalinye elidlula kwinkqubo ye-thermoforming.Uncedo lulonke lwenkqubo yoluvo lwe-IR oluzenzekelayo lubandakanya:
• Ukukwazi ukugcina kunye nokubonelela abathengi ngomfanekiso oshushu wecandelo ngalinye elenzelwe amaxwebhu asemgangathweni kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-ISO.
Umlinganiselo wobushushu obungadibaniyo ne-infrared ayiyoteknoloji entsha, kodwa izinto ezintsha zamva nje ziye zanciphisa iindleko, ukunyuka ukuthembeka, kunye nokwenza iiyunithi ezincinci zokulinganisa.I-Thermoformers isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-IR inzuzo ekuphuculweni kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa i-scrap.Umgangatho wamalungu nawo uyaphucuka kuba abavelisi bafumana ubukhulu obufanayo obuphuma koomatshini babo be-thermoforming.
For more information contact R&C Instrumentation, +27 11 608 1551, info@randci.co.za, www.randci.co.za
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-19-2019