Ikhuthazwe kukuvalwa kweengxowa zeplastiki, abasemagunyeni babeke izinto zabo kwithagethi enkulu kakhulu: ikomityi yekofu yokuya.
Ikhuthazwe kukuvalwa kweengxowa zeplastiki, abasemagunyeni babeke izinto zabo kwithagethi enkulu kakhulu: ikomityi yekofu yokuya.
IRiphabhlikhi yaBantu yaseBerkeley, Calif., Iyazingca ngobunkokeli bayo kuzo zonke izinto zoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.Isixeko esincinci esinenkululeko esikwimpuma yeSan Francisco yayisesinye sezixeko zokuqala zase-US ukwamkela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-curbside.Yavala i-styrofoam kwaye kwangethuba ukuba ithathe iingxowa zokuthenga zeplastiki.Kwangoko kulo nyaka, ibhunga lesixeko saseBerkeley labeka isaziso ngesibetho esitsha sokusingqongileyo: ikomityi yekofu esele iza kuhamba.
Zizigidi ezingama-40 iikomityi ezilahlwayo esixekweni minyaka le, ngokwebhunga lesixeko, phantse ibe nye ngomhlali ngamnye ngosuku.Ke ngoJanyuwari, isixeko sathi siza kufuna iivenkile zekofu ukuba zibize iisenti ezingama-25 ezongezelelweyo kubathengi abasebenzisa ikomityi.“Ukulinda ayiseyondlela yokukhetha,” utshilo uSophie Hahn, ilungu lebhunga ledolophu yaseBerkeley elibhale lo mthetho, ngelo xesha.
Bonganyelwe yinkunkuma, amagunya kwihlabathi jikelele avala ukusetyenziswa kweenkonkxa zeplastiki ezithathayo kunye neekomityi.IYurophu ithi iikomityi zesiselo zeplastiki kufuneka zihambe ngo-2021. I-Indiya ifuna ukuba iphume ngo-2022. I-Taiwan ibeka umhla wokugqibela we-2030. Iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-Berkeley's zinokuthi zixhaphake ngakumbi kwiinzame zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukuziphatha kwabathengi ngaphambi kokuvalwa okuthe ngqo.
Kumatyathanga afana ne-Starbucks Corp., ehamba malunga ne-6 yeebhiliyoni zeekomityi ngonyaka, oku akumelanga ngaphantsi kwengxaki ekhoyo.I-Dunkin 'isandula ukuziqamba ngokutsha ukuze igxininise imvelaphi yayo kwaye ngoku yenza kufutshane ne-70 yepesenti yengeniso yayo evela kwiziselo zekofu.Kodwa ikwayingxaki ecinezelayo kuMcDonald's Corp. kunye neshishini lokutya okukhawulezayo elibanzi.
Abaphathi kudala berhanela ukuba iyakufika le mini.Ngokwahlukileyo kwaye kunye, bebesebenza ngenye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwiglasi yeplastiki enemigca ephindwe kabini, enezivalo zeplastiki ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi.
“Uyawukhathaza umphefumlo wam,” utshilo uScott Murphy, igosa eliyintloko elisebenza kwi-Dunkin' Brands Group Inc., ehamba kwi-1 yeebhiliyoni zeekomityi zekofu ngonyaka.Usebenze kuhlengahlengiso lwekomityi yetyathanga ukusukela oko yathembisa ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ugwebu ngo-2010. Kulo nyaka, iivenkile zayo ekugqibeleni zenza utshintsho kwiikomityi zephepha, kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokuncwina ngezinto ezintsha kunye noyilo.
“Intsonkothile ngakumbi kunokuba abantu basinika uzuko ngayo,” utshilo uMurphy.“Le ndebe lolona nxibelelwano lusondeleyo nabathengi bethu.Yinxalenye enkulu yophawu lwethu kunye nelifa lethu. "
Iikomityi ezilahlwayo ziyinto yanamhlanje.Malunga neminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, abameli bezempilo bakawonke-wonke babezimisele ukuphelisa uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwendebe—isitya sokusela sikawonke-wonke, inkonkxa ekwabelwana ngayo okanye ikomityi yeglasi eshiywe kufutshane nemithombo yokusela.Xa uLawrence Luellen enelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wekomityi yokulahla ene-wax, wayihlawula njengento entsha yococeko, umlinganiselo weprophylactic wokuchasa izifo ezifana nenyumoniya kunye nesifo sephepha.
Ukuya kwinkcubeko yekofu ayizange ivele kude kube kamva.UMcDonald's ukhuphe isidlo sakusasa kwilizwe liphela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970.Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi kamva, i-Starbucks yavula ivenkile yayo yama-50.Kunye noDunkin', aba bathathu ngoku bathengisa kufutshane ne-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwikofu ngonyaka, ngokoqikelelo oluvela kumhlalutyi we-BTIG LLC uPeter Saleh.
Ngeli xesha, iinkampani ezifana neGeorgia-Pacific LLC kunye ne-International Paper Co. zikhule kunye nemarike yeekomityi ezilahlwayo, ezibethe i-12 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2016. Ngo-2026, kulindeleke ukuba isondele kwi-20 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
I-US ithatha malunga ne-120 yeebhiliyoni zephepha, iikomityi zekofu zeplastiki kunye ne-foam minyaka le, okanye malunga nesinye kwisihlanu setotali yehlabathi.Phantse nganye yokugqibela—ama-99,75 ekhulwini—iphelela ekubeni yinkunkuma, apho neekomityi zephepha zinokuthabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ukubola.
Amaza okuvalwa kweengxowa zeplastiki akhuthaze iinzame ezintsha zokunqanda inkunkuma yekomityi.Izikhongozeli zokutya neziselo ziyingxaki enkulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha zivelisa amaxesha angama-20 inkunkuma eyenziwa ziingxowa zeplastiki kuyo nayiphi na indawo.Kodwa ukubuyela kwiingxowa zelaphu eziphinda zisetyenziswe kulula.Ngeekomityi zekofu, ayikho enye indlela elula.I-Berkeley ikhuthaza abahlali ukuba beze imagi yokuhamba-yiphose nje kwingxowa yakho yokuthenga enokuphinda isetyenziswe!—kwaye zombini i-Starbucks kunye ne-Dunkin 'zinika izaphulelo kwabo benzayo.
Iivenkile zekofu ziyazi ukuba iikomityi ezisebenzisekayo zisisisombululo esilungileyo, kodwa ngoku, kwii-franchise zinokuba luhlobo "lwephupha elibi lokusebenza," utshilo uDunkin's Murphy.Abancedisi abasoze bazi ukuba ikomityi imdaka okanye kufuneka bayihlambe, kwaye kunzima ukwazi ukuba ingakanani ukuzalisa ikofu encinci okanye ephakathi kwimagi enkulu.
Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, i-Starbucks yenza isibhambathiso sokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 yepesenti yekofu yayo kwiimagi zokuhamba.Isuke yazilungelelanisa iinjongo zayo ezantsi.Inkampani inika isaphulelo kuye nabani na ozisa imagi yakhe, kwaye kusekho malunga neepesenti ezi-5 kuphela zabathengi.Yongeze okwethutyana intlawulo yeepeni ezi-5 kwiikomityi ezilahlwayo e-UK kulo nyaka uphelileyo, nto leyo yathi yandise ukusetyenziswa kwekomityi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngeepesenti ezili-150.
Kuthathe iminyaka elithoba ukuba uDunkin 'abone enye into kwikomityi yakhe yegwebu.Iinzame zakwangoko zafuna iziciko ezitsha, zona ngokwazo kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona.Iiprototypes ezenziwe ngeepesenti ezili-100 zemathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo ibotshwe kwaye yancanca emazantsi.Ikomityi eyenziwe ngemicu yamakhowa yayithenjiswe ukuba iza kubola ngokulula, kodwa yayibiza kakhulu ukuyinyusa ibe mininzi.
Itsheyina ekugqibeleni lahlala kwikomityi yephepha enentsimbi ephindwe kabini, etyebileyo ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela izandla ze-sippers ngaphandle komkhono wangaphandle kwaye iyahambelana neziciko ezikhoyo.Zenziwe kwiphepha elifunyenwe ngokweenqobo zokuziphatha kunye ne-biodegrade ngokukhawuleza kunogwebu, kodwa malunga nayo - zibiza kakhulu ukwenza kwaye azikwazi ukuphinda zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi.
Iikomityi zephepha zidume ngokuba nzima ukuzirisayikilisha.Abahlaziyi-mveliso baxhalabile ukuba iilayini zeplastiki ziya kutshiza oomatshini babo, ngoko ke bahlala bezithumela kwinkunkuma.Bathathu kuphela oomatshini “bebatch pulper” kuMntla Merika abakwaziyo ukwahlula iilaphu zeplastiki ephepheni.
Ukuba izixeko zingaphucula ukurisayikilishwa komthamo omkhulu, malunga nekomityi enye kwezingama-25 zekofu inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwiminyaka nje embalwa, ukusuka kwi-1 kuma-400, ngokweQela lase-UK lokuBuyisa iNdebe yePhepha kunye neQela lokuRecycling.Lo ngu "ukuba."Abathengi badla ngokujula iikomityi zabo zekofu ezincanyathiselwe kwiziciko zabo zeplastiki, ezithi emva koko zohlulwe phambi kokuba ziphinde zisetyenziswe, ngokwahlukeneyo 1 .UDunkin' uthi usebenzisana noomasipala ukuqinisekisa ukuba iikomityi ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokutsha ziya kuba njalo.“Luhambo—andiqondi ukuba luya kuze luphele,” utsho uMurphy kaDunkin.UMcDonald's Corp. kutshanje uye wadibana ne-Starbucks kunye nezinye iindawo zokutyela ezikhawulezayo ukuxhasa umngeni weNdebe ye-NextGen yezigidi ezili-10 zeerandi-“ukudubula kwenyanga” ukuphuhlisa, ukukhawulezisa kunye nokulinganisa ikomityi ezinzileyo yokuya.NgoFebruwari, ukhuphiswano lubhengeze abaphumeleleyo be-12, kubandakanywa neekomityi ezenziwe nge-compostable kunye ne-recyclable paperboard;ukuphuhliswa kwelinen esekwe kwiplanti enokugcina ulwelo ngaphakathi;kunye nezicwangciso ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwekomityi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona.
“Sijonge izisombululo ezikwixesha elikufutshane ezinokuthengiseka kunye nezinto ezinqwenelekayo,” utshilo uBridget Croke, usekela mongameli wemicimbi yangaphandle kwiClosed Loop Partners, ifemu yotyalo-mali egxile ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha elawula umngeni.
Ikomityi enokuthotywa ngokukhawuleza iya kuba sisisombululo esinye-ukuvalwa kweYurophu kwenza ngaphandle kweekomityi ezivundisiweyo ezidilikayo kwiiveki ezili-12-kodwa nokuba loo ndebe yayifumaneka ngokulula kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, i-US ayinayo yaneleyo kwishishini. izixhobo zomgquba ezifunekayo ukuwachitha.Xa kunjalo, baya kujongwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, apho bangayi kubola kwaphela 2 .
Kwintlanganiso yayo yonyaka ngo-2018, i-Starbucks yavavanya ngokuzolileyo ikomityi yekofu eyenziwe kwiindawo ezihlaziyiweyo zezinye iikomityi zekofu, ethathwa njengeyona ndawo ingcwele yekomityi yekofu.Yayisisenzo sobugcisa bokusebenza njengayo nayiphi na enye into: Ukuze wenze ubunjineli bokubaleka okulinganiselweyo, ikhonkco lekofu laqokelela iilori ezithwele iikomityi zaza zazithumela ukuba ziyokwenziwa kwibatch pulper yaseSustana eWisconsin.Ukusuka apho, iintsinga zaya kwi-WestRock Co. iphepha lokusila eTexas ukuze zijikwe zibe ziikomityi, ezaprintwa ngelogos yenye inkampani.Nokuba indebe elandelayo yayingcono kokusingqongileyo, inkqubo eyayisetyenziswa ukuyenza ngokuqinisekileyo yayingekho. 't.“Kukho umngeni omkhulu wobunjineli apha,” utshilo uCroke Loop’s Croke."Kucacile ukuba izisombululo ebezisebenza kwiinkampani ukusombulula lo mbandela azikhange zikhawuleze ngokwaneleyo."
Ke oorhulumente, njengoBerkeley, abalindanga.Umasipala uvavanye abahlali ngaphambi kokuba abeke intlawulo kwaye wafumanisa ukuba uya kukholisa ngaphezulu kwe-70 yeepesenti ukuba baqale ukuza neendebe zabo ngentlawulo eyongezelelweyo ye-25-cent, utshilo uMiriam Gordon, umlawuli wenkqubo kwiqela elingenzi nzuzo i-Upstream, encede uBerkeley ukubhala umthetho wakhe. intlawulo yenzelwe ukuba ibe ngumfuniselo kwindlela yokuziphatha komntu, endaweni yerhafu yemveli.Iivenkile zekofu zaseBerkeley zigcina imirhumo eyongezelelweyo kwaye zinokuthoba amaxabiso azo ukuze oko kuhlawulwa ngumthengi kuhlale kunjalo.Kufuneka nje bacace ukuba kukho intlawulo eyongezelelweyo.“Kufuneka ibonakale kumthengi,” utshilo uGordon.Yiloo nto ekhuthaza abantu ukuba batshintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo.
Konke oku kuye kwaba mandundu kakhulu ngo-2018 xa i-China yagqiba ekubeni yanele inkunkuma yayo ukuba izikhathaze ngayo kwaye iyeke ukusetyenzwa "engcolisekileyo" - izinto ezixutyiweyo - inkunkuma evela kwamanye amazwe.
Izinto ezivundisiweyo zidinga ukuhamba komoya ngokukhululekileyo ukuze zonakaliswe.Ngenxa yokuba iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma zivaliwe ukunqanda ukuvuza, nekomityi eyenzelwe ukuba yophuka ngokukhawuleza ayiwufumani umoya ojikelezayo ekufuneka yenze njalo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-25-2019